Progress in Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleomagnetism and plate reconstruction of West Antarctica
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摘要: 根据西南极已发表的中—新生代古地磁数据，对西南极不同地块进行了古大陆重建。识别出古太平洋板块对西南极构造演化影响广泛的两次构造事件：一是120~100 Ma古太平洋板块内翁通爪哇-马尼希基-希库朗基大火成岩省的喷发与全球板块洋壳扩张速率高峰期引起的西南极瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸与东玛丽·伯德地快速南向移动；二是古太平洋-凤凰板块洋中脊在~100 Ma俯冲至西南极之下导致的以罗斯海区域为主的岩石圈伸展、瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸与玛丽·伯德地远离东南极以及南极半岛发生南向运动与顺时针旋转。证明太平洋板块俯冲与西南极板块运动的耦合关系。未来需要在西南极获得更多具有准确年代学限制的可靠的古地磁数据，这将对西南极的构造演化模式提供更多的制约，并有助于深入理解南极大陆的构造演化过程、板块生长与裂解的地球动力学机制。Abstract: In this study, we summarized paleomagnetic data from West Antarctica and reconstructed the paleoposition of different crustal blocks of West Antarctica. Plate reconstructions identified two widely influenced tectonic events in West Antarctica due to the subduction of the Pacific Plate, including the rapid southward drift of Thurston Island-Eights Coast and Eastern Marie Byrd Land during the eruption of Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi Large Igneous Provinces and related peak global ocean crust production rate at 120~100 Ma; The lithospheric extension in the Ross Sea region and rapid separation of Thurston Island-Eights Coast and Marie Byrd Land from East Antarctica, as well as the southward drift and clockwise rotation of the Antarctic Peninsula due to the subduction of Pacific-Phoenix Ridge under the Ross sea region at~100 Ma. This supports a co-evolution of the tectonic process between the Pacific Plate subduction and the plate motion in West Antarctica. In the future, we need more reliable paleomagnetic data with precise age constraints to make a more detailed reconstruction of different tectonic processes of West Antarctica. This will help us in understanding the geological evolution of Antarctica, and the geodynamics mechanism of plate growth and plate separation.
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Key words:
- West Antarctica /
- paleo-pacific plate /
- paleomagnetism /
- plate reconstruction /
- Mesozoic-Cenozoic
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图 1 南极半岛地质简图(据Hathway et al., 1999; Vaughan and Storey, 2000; Burton-Johnson and Riley, 2015修改)
a—南极不同地质单元地理位置；b—南极半岛地质简图
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of the Antarctic Peninsula (modified after Hathway et al., 1999; Vaughan and Storey, 2000; Burton-Johnson and Riley, 2015)
(a) Location of different geological domains of Antarctica; (b)Simplified geological map of the Antarctic Peninsula
图 2 瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸地质简图(据Pankhurst et al., 1993修改)
a—南极不同地质单元地理位置；b—瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸简图；c—瑟斯顿岛地质简图
Figure 2. Simplified geological map of Thurston Island-Eights Coast (modified after Pankhurst et al., 1993)
(a) Location of different geological domains of Antarctica; (b)Simplified map of Thurston Island-Eights Coast; (c)Simplified geological map of the Thurston Island
图 3 玛丽·伯德地地质简图(据Mukasa and Dalziel, 2000修改)
a—南极不同地质单元地理位置；b—玛丽·伯德地地质简图
Figure 3. Simplified geological map of Marie Byrd Land (modified after Mukasa and Dalziel, 2000)
(a) Location of different geological domains of Antarctica; (b)Simplified geological map of Marie Byrd Land
图 4 埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山地质简图(据Storey and Dalziel, 1987修改)
Figure 4. Simplified geological map of the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains (modified after Storey and Dalziel, 1987)
图 5 西南极不同地块中—新生代古地磁极与东南极视极移曲线等面积投影图
LC—拉塞特海岸；OC—奥维尔海岸；EEL—东埃尔沃斯地
Figure 5. Equal-area projection for Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleopoles of different crustal blocks of West Antarctica, and synthetic apparent polar wander path for East Antarctica
LC-Lassiter Coast; OC-Orville Coast; EEL-eastern Ellsworth Land
图 6 东南极与西南极在~120 Ma，~100 Ma和~90 Ma时期的古大陆重建
Figure 6. Plate reconstructions of East Antarctica and West Antarctica at ~120 Ma, ~100 Ma, and ~90 Ma
表 1 西南极中—新生代古地磁数据与东南极视极移曲线
Table 1. Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleomagnetic data from West Antarctica and synthetic apparent polar wander path for East Antarctica
年代/Ma 采样区 采点数 古地磁极 是否经过地层产状校正 参考文献 经度(°S) 纬度(°E) A95/(°) 南设得兰群岛
South Shetland Islands155 娄岛
Low Island2 65.3 123.9 6.5/8.9 是 Grunow, 1993 140 利文斯顿岛拜尔斯半岛
Byers Peninsula，Livingston Island4 60.0 50.0 9.5 是 Grunow, 1993 120 利文斯顿岛拜尔斯半岛
Byers Peninsula，Livingston Island1 63.4 11.4 7.1 是 Gao et al., 2018 107 利文斯顿岛拜尔斯半岛
Byers Peninsula，Livingston Island3 63.2 331.3 29.9 是 Grunow, 1993 南极半岛
Antarctic Peninsula175 东格雷厄姆地(南极半岛北部)
East Graham Land24 48.0 238.0 9.5 否 Longshaw and Griffiths, 1983 160 伯恩湾
Bone Bay8 64.5 125.4 8.2 否 Grunow et al., 1991 110 姆特角
Moot Point4 80.3 167.6 8.1 否 Grunow, 1993; Bakhmutov and Shpyra, 2011 90 南设得兰群岛与南极半岛北部
South Shetland Islands and Northern Antarctic Peninsula50 86.8 113.0 3.4 否 Poblete et al., 2011 55 南设得兰群岛与南极半岛北部
South Shetland Islands and Northern Antarctic Peninsula40 85.0 45.5 5.6 是 Gao et al., 2018 27 凯尔盖朗群岛(南极板块)
Kerguelen islands(AntarcticPlate)233 85.3 9.3 2.3 是 Camps et al., 2007 108 奥维尔海岸与东埃尔沃斯地(南极半岛南部)
Orville Coast and eastern Ellsworth Land (Southern Antarctic Peninsula)13 70.7 15.4 10.6 否 Kellogg, 1980 100 拉塞特海岸(南极半岛南部)
Lassiter Coast (Southern Antarctic Peninsula)4 84.3 5.5 21.6 否 Kellogg and Rowley, 1978 瑟斯顿岛-埃茨海岸
Thurston Island-Eights Coast230 布拉姆霍尔山
Mount Bramhall3 61.0 116.0 19.4 否 Grunow et al., 1991 175 道林山
Mount Dowling2 67.0 109.0 - 是 Grunow et al., 1991 150 登陆峰和辛普森山
Landfall Peak and Mount Simpson5 64.0 145.0 7.0 否 Grunow et al., 1991 125 贝尔纳普冰原岛峰
Belknap Nunatak5 49.0 232.0 7.9 否 Grunow et al., 1987a 110 达斯汀岛和麦克纳玛拉岛
Dustin Island and McNamara Island7 73.0 210.0 7.6 否 Grunow et al., 1991 90 勒普莱冰原岛峰和琼斯山脉
Lepley Nunatak and Jones Mountains18 80.0 161.0 3.9 否 Grunow et al., 1991 玛丽·伯德地
Marie Byrd Land117 鲁珀特海岸和霍布斯海岸(东玛丽·伯德地)
Ruppert and Hobbs Coast(Eastern Marie Byrd Land)6 56.8 185.6 8.7 是 DiVenere et al., 1995 100 鲁珀特海岸和霍布斯海岸(东玛丽·伯德地)
Ruppert and Hobbs Coast(Eastern Marie Byrd Land)19 75.7 224.1 3.8 是 DiVenere et al., 1994 100 菲利普斯山中东部、与福斯迪克山(西玛丽·伯德地)
central and eastern Phillips and Fosdick Mountain(Western Marie Byrd Land)29 70.5 222.3 6.1 是 Luyendyk et al., 1996 埃尔斯沃思-惠特莫尔山脉
Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains175 纳什山和帕加诺冰原岛峰
Nash Hills and Pagano Nunatak8 41.2 232.2 5.3 是 Grunow et al., 1987 东南极
East Antarctica20 视极移曲线 85.6 325.9 2.6 - Torsvik et al., 2012 30 视极移曲线 84.9 314.9 2.6 - Torsvik et al., 2012 40 视极移曲线 84.1 320.0 2.9 - Torsvik et al., 2012 50 视极移曲线 82.9 351.7 2.8 - Torsvik et al., 2012 60 视极移曲线 83.6 17.8 2.1 - Torsvik et al., 2012 70 视极移曲线 84.1 35.4 2.5 - Torsvik et al., 2012 80 视极移曲线 86.7 34.6 2.9 - Torsvik et al., 2012 90 视极移曲线 87.9 209.0 2.5 - Torsvik et al., 2012 100 视极移曲线 84.9 202.0 3.3 - Torsvik et al., 2012 110 视极移曲线 78.9 172.1 3.3 - Torsvik et al., 2012 120 视极移曲线 75.9 183.6 2.6 - Torsvik et al., 2012 130 视极移曲线 73.7 178.7 2.8 - Torsvik et al., 2012 140 视极移曲线 70.8 176.8 6.0 - Torsvik et al., 2012 150 视极移曲线 67.5 201.7 6.4 - Torsvik et al., 2012 160 视极移曲线 62.3 216.3 5.1 - Torsvik et al., 2012 170 视极移曲线 62.8 218.9 4.6 - Torsvik et al., 2012 180 视极移曲线 56.4 223.2 3.4 - Torsvik et al., 2012 
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