NUMERICAL SIMULATION RESEARCH OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF THE FORMATION NEAR THE WELLBORE DURING THE HEAT INJECTION EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL GAS HYDRATES
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摘要: 为了研究海洋地层中天然气水合物注热开采条件下，水合物沉积层近井储层的力学性质变化规律和变形破坏规律，基于多场耦合理论，考虑水合物分解产生的水、气形成的超静孔隙压力对地层有效应力的影响，建立了能够反映水合物注热分解条件下水合物沉积层温度场、渗流场和变形场耦合作用关系的热流固耦合弹塑性模型，并以ABAQUS软件为开发平台，在Fortran语言环境下编制子程序进行数值模拟。结果表明：注热温度越高，近井储层力学性质劣化的区域与有效应力减小的幅度越大，发生塑性变形破坏的范围和产生的等效塑性应变值也越大；井口最小水平地应力方向的有效应力值最小，等效塑性应变值和体积应变值最大，是首先发生变形破坏的关键位置；井口同一位置的有效应力随注热温度的升高而减小，而体积应变则随注热温度的升高而增大。Abstract: In order to study the variational law of mechanical property and the deformation and fracture law of the formation near the wellbore of hydrate bearing sediments under the heat injection exploitation condition of Natural Gas Hydrates which exist in the marine strata, basing on the multi-field coupling theory and taking into consideration the influence of excess pore pressure which is generated by water and methanegas of hydrates thermal dissociation on the effective stress of the stratum, the elastic-plastic model of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled is established which can reflect the coupling effect relationship of temperature field, seepage field and deformation field under the heat injection decomposition condition of Natural Gas Hydrates.Then the subroutine is programmed in the Fortran language environment and the numerical simulation is carried out by the software of ABAQUS. The test results show that the degradation area of mechanical property and the decreasing extent of the effective stress are increased with the heat injection temperature. The higher the temperature, the greater the value of the plastic zone scope and the equivalent plastic strain.The minimum effective stress and the maximum equivalent plastic strain and the maximum volumetric strain in the direction of the minimal horizontal stress are in the position of wellhead. It is the key position where deformation and failure generate firstly. The effective stress value in the same wellhead location decreases with the increase of heat injection temperature; however, the volumetric strain increases with the increase of heat injection temperature.
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图 2 不同注热温度条件下AB边水合物饱和度、弹性模量、粘聚力以及渗透率分布图
Figure 2. Distribution figures of the saturation of hydrates, elastic modulus, cohesion and permeability of AB edge under different heat injection temperature conditions
图 3 两种不同注热温度下的等效塑性应变分布图
Figure 3. Distribution figures of the equivalent plastic strain under two different heat injection temperature conditions
图 4 井口沿EA弧线方向的有效应力和体积应变分布图
Figure 4. Distribution figure of the effective stress and the volumetric strain of the hole mouth where along the arc direction of EA
表 1 数值模拟参数
Table 1. Numerical simulation parameters
参数名称 数值 水合物弹性模量Eh 9303 MPa 固体骨架弹性模量Es 46 MPa 黏聚力C0 200 kPa 摩擦角φ 30° 固体骨架热膨胀系数βs 5.6×10-6/ K 孔隙水热膨胀系数βw 2.1×10-4/ K 固体骨架密度ρs 2600 kg/m3 固体骨架比热cs 800 J/kg·K 固体骨架热传导系数λs 1.9 W/m·K 孔隙水密度ρw 1000 kg/m3 孔隙水比热cw 4200 J/kg·K 孔隙水热传导系数λw 0.58 W/m·K 孔隙水的粘度系数μw 0.001 Pa·s 甲烷比热cg 2100 J/kg·K 甲烷热传导系数λg 0.00335 W/m·K 甲烷气体粘度系数μg 0.0000105 Pa·s 水合物密度ρh 910 kg/m3 水合物比热ch 2700 J/kg·K 水合物热传导系数λh 2.1 W/m·K 
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