Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of Late Permian-Middle Triassic granitoids in Guobaoshan, eastern section of the eastern Tianshan mountains: Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry
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摘要: 东天山—北山地区是中国重要的金属成矿带，对于其晚二叠世—中三叠世构造演化的认识，仍存在较大分歧。东天山东段国宝山地区出露有一系列晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石，包括花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、石英正长岩、正长花岗岩和天河石花岗岩。该系列岩体整体以富硅、富碱为特征，其中花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和石英正长岩具有钾质和富镁特征，轻稀土相对重稀土更富集（LREE/HREE=0.86），稀土配分曲线整体右倾，呈弱Eu负异常（δEu=0.40~0.68）；而正长花岗岩与天河石花岗岩类似，具钠质和铁质特征，富集Ta、Rb，重稀土元素较轻稀土更富集（LREE/HREE=5.11~17.17），稀土配分曲线呈海鸥式，具明显Eu负异常（δEu=0.03）。花岗闪长岩锆石206Pb/238U表面年龄集中于255~250 Ma，早于天河石花岗岩247~240 Ma的年龄。岩石地球化学特征表明正长花岗岩与天河石花岗岩同属A型花岗岩，形成于板内构造环境；花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和石英正长岩属Ⅰ型花岗岩，形成于后碰撞环境，两个岩石组合属不同的岩浆系列，无成因关系。研究认为东天山东段国宝山地区在255~250 Ma仍处于后碰撞环境，~247 Ma进入板内伸展构造环境。Abstract: The eastern Tianshan-Beishan area is one of the important metallogenic belts in China, but the Late Permian-Middle Triassic tectonic evolution still remains a controversial issue. The Guobaoshan area is located in the eastern section of the eastern Tianshan mountains. Five kinds of Late Permian-Middle Triassic granitoids are exposed in this area, namely granodiorite, monzonitic granite, quartz syenite, syenogranite and amazonite granite. These granitoids are generally rich in silicon and alkali. Granodiorite, monzonitic granite and quartz syenite are characterized by the enrichment of potassium and magnesium, showing LREE enriched REE patterns (LREE/HREE=0.86) with weakly negative Eu anomaly, while syenogranite, being similar to sodic and ferrous amazonite granite, is characterized by a "sea-gull" REE pattern and significant negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.03), as well as enrichment of Ta and Rb. The 206Pb/238U surface ages of zircons of granodiorite are concentrated in the range of 255~250 Ma, which are earlier than that of amazonite granite. Both syenogranite and amazonite are typical A-type granite and formed in intra-plate environment, but the other granitoids are Ⅰ-type granite and formed in post-collision tectonic setting. There is no genetic relation between two groups of granitoids and they belong to different magma series. The Guobaoshan area was still in the post-collision tectonic setting during 255~250 Ma, and switched to the intra-plate environment before 247 Ma.
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Key words:
- eastern Tianshan Mountains /
- granite /
- Permian /
- Triassic /
- tectonic environment /
- tectono-magmatic assemblages
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图 1 中亚造山带和东天山地质简图
a—中亚造山带地质简图(据Xiao et al., 2010修改); b—东天山地质简图(据Zhang et al., 2016修改)
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of the Central Asian Orogen Belt and the eastern Tianshan Mountains
(a) The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) (modified after Xiao et al., 2010); (b) The eastern Tianshan Mountains (modified after Zhang et al., 2016)
图 3 国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石野外照片
a—花岗闪长岩; b—中细粒二长花岗岩; c—斑状花岗闪长岩与中细粒花岗闪长岩接触部位; d—斑状花岗闪长岩中暗色包体; e—正长花岗质细晶岩脉切穿中细粒花岗闪长岩; f—天河石花岗岩; g—中细粒花岗闪长岩与天湖岩群接触部位; h—中细粒花岗闪长岩中天湖岩群片麻岩捕虏体; i—斑状花岗闪长岩中泥盆纪花岗闪长岩捕虏体, 二者接触部位发育钾化烘烤边
Figure 3. Photos of Late Permian-Middle Triassic granitoid outcrops in the Guobaoshan area
(a) Granodiorite; (b) Medium-fine grained monzonitic granite; (c) Contact segment between porphyroid and medium-fine grained granodiorites; (d) Mafic microgranular enclave in porphyroid granodiorite; (e) Medium-fine grained granodiorite cut by aplitic syenogranite dyke; (f) Amazonite granite; (g) Contact segment between medium-fine grained granodiorite and gneiss of the Tianhu Complex; (h) Xenolith of gneiss of the Tianhu Complex in medium-fine grained granodiorite; (i) Xenolith of middle Devonian granodiorite in Permian porphyroid granodiorite
图 4 国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石镜下照片
矿物缩写: Or—钾长石; Qtz—石英; Pl—斜长石; Bt—黑云母; Hbl—角闪石a—花岗闪长岩; b—二长花岗岩; c—石英正长岩; d—正长花岗岩
Figure 4. Microphotographs of the Late Permian-Middle Tirassic granitoids in the Guobaoshan area
(a) Granodiorite; (b)Monzogranite; (c) Quartz syenite; (d) Syenogranite Or-Orthoclase; Qtz-Quartz; Pl-Plagioclase; Bt-Biotite; Hbl-Hornblende
图 5 国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石岩性判别图解(天河石花岗岩数据贺昕宇, 2019)
1—碱性辉长岩(碱性玄武岩); 2—橄榄辉长岩(橄榄玄武岩); 3—辉长苏长岩(拉斑玄武岩); 4—正长辉长岩(粗石玄武岩); 5—二长辉长岩(粗安玄武岩); 6—辉长岩(玄武岩); 7—闪长正长岩(橄榄安粗岩); 8—二长岩(安粗岩); 9—二长闪长岩(粗安岩); 10—闪长岩(安山岩); 11—霞石正长岩(粗石质响岩); 12—正长岩(粗石岩); 13—石英正长岩(石英粗石岩); 14—石英二长岩(石英安粗岩); 15—英云闪长岩(英安岩); 16—碱性花岗岩(碱性流纹岩); 17—正长花岗岩(流纹岩); 18—二长花岗岩(英安流纹岩); 19—花岗闪长岩(流纹英安岩)
a—R1-R2图解(底图据De La Roche et al., 1980); b—AR-SiO2图解(底图据Wright, 1969)Figure 5. Geochemical discrimination diagrams for the Late Permian-Middle Tirassic granitoid in the Guobaoshan area(Data of amazonite granite are from He, 2019).
(a) R1-R2 diagram (after De La Roche et al., 1980); (b) AR-SiO2 diagram (after Wright, 1969)
1-Alkali gabbro; 2-Olivine gabbro; 3-Norite gabbro; 4-Syenogabbro; 5-Monzogabbro; 6-Gabbro; 7-Syenodiorite; 8-Monzonite; 9-Monzodiorite; 10-Diorite; 11-Nepheline syenite; 12-Syenite; 13-Quartz syenite; 14-Quartz monzonite; 15-Tonalite; 16-Alkali granite; 17-Syenogranite; 18-Monzogranite; 19-Granodiorite
图 6 国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石蜘蛛图(天河石花岗岩数据贺昕宇, 2019)
a—微量元素蜘蛛图(原始地幔数据来自Sun and McDonough, 1989); b—稀土元素蜘蛛图(球粒陨石数据来自Boynton, 1984)
Figure 6. Spidergrams of the Late Permian-Middle Tirassic granitoids in the Guobaoshan area (Data of amazonite granite are from He, 2019).
(a) Primitive mantle normalized spidergram of Late Permian-Middle Tirassic granitoid (The primitive mantle normalization values are from Sun and McDonough, 1989); (b) Chondrite normalized REE distribution pattern of Triassic granitoid (The chondrite normalization values are from Boynton, 1984).
图 7 国宝山花岗闪长岩锆石CL图像和测年结果
a、b—阴极发光图像; c、d—锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Figure 7. Cathodoluminescence images and dating results of the granodiorites in the Guobaoshan area
(a and b) CL images of the zircons; (c and d) Concordia diagrams for LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the granodiorites
图 8 国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石判别图解(天河石花岗岩数据贺昕宇, 2019)
a—SiO2-FeO/(FeO+MgO)图解(底图据Frost et al., 2001); b—SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)图解(底图据Frost et al., 2001); c—SiO2-Zn图解(底图据Collins et al., 1982); d—1000Ga/Al-R1图解(底图据洪大卫等, 1995; PA—后造山; AA—非造山); e—Nb-Y-3Ga图解(底图据Eby, 1992); f—Nb/Yb-Th/Yb图解(底图据Condie, 2005; UC—上地壳; MC—中地壳; LC—下地壳; PM—初始地幔; OIB—洋岛玄武岩; N-MORB—N型洋中脊玄武岩; E-MORB—E型洋中脊玄武岩)
Figure 8. Discrimination diagrams for Late Permian-Middle Tirassic granitoids in the Guobaoshan area (Data of amazonite granite are from He, 2019).
(a) SiO2-FeO/(FeO+MgO) diagram (after Frost et al., 2001); (b) SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO) diagram (after Frost et al., 2001); (c) SiO2-Zn diagram (after Collins et al., 1982); (d) 1000Ga/Al-R1 diagram (after Hong et al., 1995; PA-Post orogenic A-type granite; AA-Anorogenic A-type granite); (e) Nb-Y-3Ga diagram (after Eby, 1992); (f) Nb/Yb-Th/Yb diagram (after Condie, 2005; UC-Upper crust; MC-Middle crust; LC-Lower crust; PM-primary mantle; OIB-Oceanic island basalt; N-MORB-Normal Mid-ocean ridge basalt; E-MORB-Enriched Mid-ocean ridge basalt)
图 9 国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石哈克图解(天河石花岗岩数据贺昕宇, 2019)
a—SiO2-Fe2O3图解; b—SiO2-TiO2图解; c—SiO2-FeO图解; d—SiO2-CaO图解; e—SiO2-MgO图解; f—SiO2-P2O5图解
Figure 9. Representative variation diagrams of major element compositions versus SiO2 for Late Permian-Middle Tirassic granitoid in the Guobaoshan area (Data of amazonite granite are from He, 2019)
(a) SiO2-Fe2O3 diagram; (b) SiO2-TiO2 diagram; (c) SiO2-FeO diagram; (d) SiO2-CaO diagram; (e) SiO2-MgO diagram; (f) SiO2-P2O5 diagram
图 10 国宝山晚二叠世—中三叠世花岗质岩石构造环境判别图解(天河石花岗岩数据贺昕宇, 2019)
a—SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)图解(底图据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989; RRG—与裂谷有关的花岗岩; CEUG—造陆抬升有关的花岗岩; POG—造山后花岗岩; IAG—岛弧花岗岩; CAG—大陆弧花岗岩; CCG—大陆碰撞花岗岩); b—SiO2-TiO2图解(底图据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989); c—SiO2-Nb图解(底图据Pearce et al., 1984; WPG—板内花岗岩; ORG—洋脊花岗岩; VAG—火山弧花岗岩; COLG—碰撞花岗岩); d—Rb/10-Hf-3Ta图解(底图据Harris et al., 1986); e—Y+Nb-Rb图解(底图据Pearce et al., 1984; syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩; post-COLG—后碰撞花岗岩); f—SiO2-Rb图解(底图据Pearce et al., 1984)
Figure 10. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams for Late Permian-Middle Tirassic granitoid in the Guobaoshan area (Data of amazonite granite are from He, 2019).
(a) SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO) diagram (after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989; RRG-Rift-related granitoids; CEUG-Continental epeirogenic uplift granitoids; POG-Postorogenic granitoids; IAG-Island arc granitoids; CAG-Continental arc granitoids; CCG-Continental collision granitoids); (b) SiO2-TiO2 diagram(after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989); (c) SiO2-Nb diagram (after Pearce et al., 1984; WPG-Within plate granites; ORG-Ocean ridge granites; VAG-Volcanic arc granites; COLG-Collision granites); (d) Rb/10-Hf-3Ta diagram(after Harris et al., 1986); (e) Y+Nb-Rb diagram (after Pearce et al., 1984; syn-COLG-Syn-collision granites; post-COLG-Post-collision granites); (f) SiO2-Rb diagram (after Pearce et al., 1984)
表 1 国宝山花岗质岩石主量元素(%)、微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table 1. Major (%) and trace (×10-6) elements compositions of the granitoids in the Guobaoshan area
样品号 2-1 2-4 2-6 11-12 11-14 12-2 12-4 30-2 38-1 38-2 SiO2 69.20 73.10 71.20 75.70 72.90 73.10 73.70 74.40 72.30 72.10 TiO2 0.40 0.30 0.32 0.03 0.25 0.27 0.23 0.37 0.43 0.45 Al2O3 14.40 13.20 14.10 12.50 13.30 12.30 11.90 11.80 11.70 11.20 FeOT 3.43 2.50 2.67 1.38 1.81 2.91 2.60 2.56 3.09 2.78 Fe2O3 0.54 0.64 0.54 0.30 0.40 0.53 0.59 0.40 0.59 0.24 FeO 2.94 1.92 2.18 1.11 1.45 2.43 2.07 2.20 2.56 2.56 MnO 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 MgO 1.31 0.88 0.93 0.10 0.44 0.73 0.63 0.35 0.96 1.01 CaO 2.62 2.00 1.92 0.77 1.81 1.79 1.53 1.66 2.22 2.43 Na2O 3.55 3.02 3.28 4.40 3.12 3.53 3.55 3.22 3.46 4.00 K2O 3.68 4.11 4.32 3.85 5.10 3.90 4.02 4.55 3.53 3.06 P2O5 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.13 LOI 1.09 0.69 1.12 1.14 1.10 0.83 1.09 0.80 1.60 2.32 合计 99.90 99.90 100.00 100.00 99.90 99.60 99.50 99.90 99.40 99.50 DI 78.30 84.10 83.40 94.30 88.40 85.80 88.10 88.70 84.50 86.50 Rb 212.00 187.00 239.00 617.00 404.00 254.00 242.00 203.00 147.00 140.00 Th 22.90 31.10 38.60 21.20 29.20 29.70 29.50 22.30 28.20 29.10 U 2.83 4.21 3.60 5.41 4.97 4.25 3.78 1.56 2.48 2.04 Nb 14.00 10.40 11.60 32.30 17.00 20.60 16.20 15.80 12.40 14.40 Ta 1.20 0.95 1.05 5.77 1.98 2.40 1.58 1.09 1.47 1.22 La 36.80 32.30 16.80 6.80 52.60 28.30 27.80 43.40 28.90 36.10 Ce 66.80 62.40 35.00 19.60 94.20 60.30 54.30 85.10 54.10 73.00 Pb 28.60 28.50 36.20 95.20 56.30 38.10 38.90 28.70 25.20 20.40 Pr 7.43 6.98 4.05 3.00 9.75 7.63 6.65 9.17 6.24 7.84 Sr 268.00 206.00 219.00 15.00 168.00 171.00 148.00 174.00 196.00 188.00 Nd 28.90 26.00 16.40 14.70 35.50 28.10 24.50 32.30 22.60 27.70 Zr 158.00 110.00 110.00 191.00 170.00 167.00 140.00 191.00 161.00 184.00 Hf 7.08 3.96 3.62 5.02 5.12 7.37 5.34 6.11 5.27 4.75 Sm 5.84 4.91 3.40 8.11 6.62 6.62 4.77 4.94 3.91 4.45 Eu 1.55 0.93 0.68 0.09 0.85 0.84 0.74 0.86 0.74 0.79 Gd 5.93 4.20 2.79 10.12 4.82 6.08 4.23 4.23 3.24 3.75 Tb 1.05 0.66 0.43 2.62 0.73 1.08 0.69 0.57 0.46 0.54 Dy 7.21 3.58 2.43 18.20 3.75 6.99 4.28 2.68 2.68 2.97 Y 47.70 21.60 14.80 19.60 19.60 37.50 24.20 10.70 13.00 15.00 Ho 1.62 0.71 0.48 3.62 0.66 1.42 0.87 0.44 0.50 0.57 Er 5.11 2.14 1.39 10.13 1.75 4.41 2.72 1.11 1.50 1.68 Tm 0.82 0.33 0.22 1.75 0.26 0.62 0.45 0.14 0.22 0.25 Yb 5.93 2.38 1.54 12.60 1.87 4.57 3.16 0.94 1.51 1.83 Lu 0.91 0.37 0.24 1.85 0.29 0.62 0.48 0.13 0.22 0.27 LREE 134.00 76.00 106.00 52.00 199.00 132.00 119.00 176.00 116.00 150.00 HREE 14.40 9.50 10.00 60.90 14.10 25.80 16.90 10.20 10.30 11.90 δEu 0.63 0.68 0.68 0.03 0.46 0.40 0.50 0.58 0.64 0.59 
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表 2 国宝山花岗质岩石锆石U-Pb测年分析结果
Table 2. Results of zircon U-Pb dating for the granitoids in the Guobaoshan area
样品编号 测点号 Th/×10-6 U/×10-6 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 208Pb/232Th ±1σ 2-6 2-6-1 447 1084 同位素比值 0.0507 0.0009 0.2762 0.0059 0.0395 0.0006 0.0131 0.0005 年龄/Ma 227.8 38.9 247.7 4.7 250.0 3.9 263.1 10.4 2-6-2 530 1103 同位素比值 0.0534 0.0012 0.2932 0.0086 0.0397 0.0005 0.0138 0.0007 年龄/Ma 346.4 50.0 261.1 6.8 250.9 3.3 277.5 13.1 2-6-3 422 1033 同位素比值 0.0540 0.0016 0.2997 0.0075 0.0404 0.0006 0.0134 0.0005 年龄/Ma 372.3 68.5 266.2 5.8 255.4 4.0 269.3 10.1 2-6-4 399 789 同位素比值 0.0518 0.0011 0.3052 0.0086 0.0427 0.0008 0.0145 0.0006 年龄/Ma 276.0 46.3 270.5 6.7 269.5 4.7 290.9 11.6 2-6-5 984 1548 同位素比值 0.0520 0.0009 0.3405 0.0078 0.0476 0.0009 0.0158 0.0007 年龄/Ma 283.4 40.7 297.5 5.9 300.0 5.6 317.3 14.1 2-6-6 419 941 同位素比值 0.0532 0.0011 0.3438 0.0080 0.0468 0.0006 0.0135 0.0005 年龄/Ma 338.9 41.7 300.1 6.1 294.9 3.4 271.5 9.2 12-2 12-2-1 487 784 同位素比值 0.0515 0.0010 0.2638 0.0061 0.0372 0.0005 0.0119 0.0004 年龄/Ma 261.2 44.4 237.7 4.9 235.2 3.2 238.7 8.7 12-2-2 236 497 同位素比值 0.0542 0.0013 0.2762 0.0071 0.0371 0.0006 0.0126 0.0005 年龄/Ma 388.9 55.6 247.7 5.6 234.8 4.0 252.2 9.5 12-2-3 640 1720 同位素比值 0.0545 0.0016 0.2868 0.0130 0.0381 0.0013 0.0134 0.0006 年龄/Ma 390.8 66.7 256.1 10.3 241.3 7.8 268.6 11.4 12-2-4 643 1358 同位素比值 0.0541 0.0008 0.2889 0.0060 0.0388 0.0007 0.0125 0.0005 年龄/Ma 376.0 35.2 257.7 4.7 245.3 4.2 250.6 9.9
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