Structural preservation conditions analysis of oil and gas in complex structural area: A case study of structural analysis in the Well Wanjingdi-1, Anhui, China
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摘要: 下扬子地区中生代发生了多期挤压-伸展构造作用,是制约该区域油气勘探取得突破的重要因素之一。为揭示下扬子区中生代构造作用对油气保存的影响,文章通过地震剖面解释资料、野外露头调查、区域构造演化历史分析,并结合皖泾地1井获取的岩芯资料和油气显示情况综合探讨了下扬子南部地区的有利构造保存条件。地震解释剖面和地表调查结果表明下扬子南部地区晚三叠世以来主要经历了两期重要的构造作用:第一期为印支期挤压作用造成褶皱变形和逆冲断层以及隆升剥蚀;第二期为晚白垩世以来的伸展作用,形成断陷盆地和正断层活动。皖泾地1井在二叠系页岩地层中获得页岩气显示,在下三叠统殷坑组灰岩中钻遇轻质油,表明下扬子南部区域具有良好的油气富集条件和资源潜力。构造保存条件分析表明皖泾地1井位于褶皱冲断带内的向斜部位,印支期隆升剥蚀量小,晚白垩世以来伸展拉张幅度小,具有良好的封闭性和成藏条件,是有利的构造保存部位。Abstract: The multi-stage tectonism of compression and extension occurred in the southern part of the Lower Yangtze region in the Mesozoic, which is one of the important factors restricting the breakthrough of oil and gas exploration in this area. This paper aims to reveal the influence of Mesozoic tectonisim on oil and gas preservation in the Lower Yangtze area. Based on the seismic profile interpretation data, field outcrop survey, regional tectonic evolution history analysis and the drilling core data and oil-gas display of the Well Wanjingdi-1, we comprehensively discussed the favorable structural preservation conditions in the southern part of the Lower Yangtze region. The results of seismic interpretation profile and surface survey show that the southern part of the lower Yangtze River has experienced two important tectonic processes since the Late Triassic. The first stage is fold deformation, thrust fault and uplift erosion caused by Indosinian compression, and the second stage is extension since the Late Cretaceous, resulting in the formation of fault basin and normal fault activity. Shale gas display was obtained from the Permian shale in the Well Wanjingdi-1, and light oil was found in the drilling of the Lower Triassic Yinkeng Formation, indicating that the southern Lower Yangtze region has good enrichment conditions and resource potential, which points out a new direction for oil and gas exploration in the region. The analysis of structural preservation conditions shows that the Well Wanjingdi-1 is located in the syncline of the fold-depression belt. The amount of uplift and denudation was small in the Indosinian period. Since the late Cretaceous, the depression has a small amplitude of extension and has good sealing and reservoir forming conditions. It is a favorable structural position for oil and gas preservation in this region. Based on the comprehensive analysis of regional structure and sedimentary basin evolution, it is considered that in the southern Lower Yangtze region, the syncline structural belt in the southern margin of the basin with small erosion amount of Triassic strata or the central zone of fault basin overlying thick Cretaceous-Cenozoic strata should be taken as the key target to search for favorable oil and gas zones.
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图 3 皖泾地1井周缘地质图(其中红色五角星为皖泾地1井位置,过井黑色线段为部署实施的地震剖面测线JX2019-DZ-02,黄色AB线段为南东140°构造剖面)
Figure 3. Regional geological map of the Well Wanjingdi-1 (Red pentagram is the location of the Well Wanjingdi-1, black line passing through the well is the seismic profile line JX2019-DZ-02, and the yellow line AB is the structural section by geological survey)
图 4 过井地震测线(JX2019-DZ-02)及解释(测线位置见图 3)
a—地震测线解释剖面;b—地震剖面地质解释;c—测线南东段精细解释剖面图
Figure 4. Seismic profile line (JX2019-DZ-02) through the Well Wanjingdi-1 and the interpretation. (a) Interpretation section of the seismic line. (b) Geological interpretation of the seismic profile. (c) Detailed seismic fine interpretation profile of the SE part of the seismic line.
图 5 皖泾地1井周缘地层露头及断裂活动表现
a—下三叠统南陵湖组灰岩;b—下二叠统孤峰组黑色硅质页岩;c—上泥盆统石英砂岩中的逆冲断层;d—中二叠统龙潭组砂岩中的逆冲断层;e、f—下石炭统金陵组粉砂岩中逆冲断层被正断层所切
Figure 5. Outcrop and fault activity in the periphery of the Well Wanjingdi-1. (a) Limestone in the Lower Triassic Nanlinghu Formation. (b) Black siliceous shale in the Lower Permian Gufeng Formation. (c) Thrust fault in the Upper Devonian quartz sandstone. (d) Thrust fault in the Middle Permian Longtan Formation sandstone. (e, f) Thrust faults in siltstone of the Lower Carboniferous Jinling Formation cutting through by normal faults.
表 1 皖泾地1井实钻地质分层数据表
Table 1. Actual drilling stratification data of strata in the Well Wanjingdi-1
地层 实钻/m 岩性简述 界 系 组 井深 钻厚 第四系 34.40 34.40 棕黄色、紫红色含砾粘土夹棕黄色砂砾岩。 中生界 白垩系 赤山组 42.00 7.60 为棕红色砂砾岩夹薄—中层状棕红色泥岩。 三叠系 周冲村组 356.00 314.00 上部为浅灰色泥晶灰岩,中上部为浅灰色鲕粒灰岩,中部为深灰色、浅灰色角砾灰岩,中下部灰色、灰黄色鲕粒灰岩夹粉晶白云岩,下部为灰色鲕粒灰岩。 南陵湖组 1255.00 899.00 顶部为浅灰色鲕粒灰岩,上部为浅灰色、灰白色灰岩,中部为浅灰色鲕粒灰岩,下部为浅灰色灰岩夹角砾灰岩、泥质条带灰岩。 和龙山组 1537.00 282.00 顶部为浅灰色泥质条带灰岩、灰岩夹泥岩和角砾灰岩,上部为深灰色灰岩夹泥质灰岩,中部为瘤状灰岩,下部为浅灰灰岩夹深灰、紫红色泥质条带灰岩,底部为浅灰色灰岩夹深灰色、浅灰色泥岩。 殷坑组 1836.00 299.00 上部为灰色灰岩和黑色泥岩互层、夹角砾灰岩,下部为浅灰色灰岩、角砾灰岩夹黑色泥岩,底部为深灰色泥岩。 古生界 二叠系 大隆组 1838.00 2.00 灰黑色色泥岩、黑色硅质页岩。 龙潭组 2067.60 229.60 顶部为灰黑色炭质页岩夹煤层,上部为灰色细砂岩夹深灰色泥岩、页岩,中部为灰色细砂岩、粉砂岩,下部为深灰色粉砂质页岩夹细砂岩和粉砂岩。 孤峰组 2100.60 33.00 灰黑色硅质页岩夹灰色粉砂岩。 栖霞组 2130.70 30.08 深灰色、灰色灰岩夹灰黑色硅质岩。 -
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