CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIAL SOURCES OF GALONGQU GLACIAL DEBRIS FLOW AND THE INFLUENCE TO ZHAMO ROAD
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摘要: 在全球气候变暖的大背景下，冰川消融加剧，冰舌后退，冰川泥石流加剧。扎墨公路是目前通往西藏墨脱的唯一公路，公路必经的嘎龙曲发育藏东南地区典型的海洋性冰川泥石流，针对嘎龙曲冰川泥石流的物源特征，经现场调查得出，嘎龙曲冰川泥石流物源类型有冰碛物物源、崩塌型物源以及沟道堆积型物源三类，总结分析了三种物源类型的分布特征和启动模式。通过建立物源计算模型，定量计算嘎龙曲沟域内可参与泥石流活动的松散固体物源动储量为366.28×104 m3，其中冰碛物物源为主要的动储量物源，物源补给特征在藏东南海洋性冰川发育区域具有一定代表性。嘎龙曲沟域内水动力分布的不均一特性决定了物源启动参与泥石流活动的不均一性，随着全球气候变暖影响下水动力条件的增强，嘎龙曲冰川泥石流对扎墨公路的危害会愈加严重。Abstract: Under the background of global warming, glaciers melt, ice tongues retreat, glacial debris flows tend to be more active. Zhamo road is now the only road to Motuo county. Galongqu develops typical maritime glacier debris flows in southeastern Tibet. Based on the field survey, Galongqu valley is investigated through three kinds of material sources including moraine, collapse and channel accumulation. Distribution characteristics and participating modes of material sources are also summarized. On account of material source calculation models, the quantitative volume may participate in the Galongqu debris flow is 366.28×104 m3, where the moraine source is dominant. The supplying of material sources here are representative in southeastern Tibet. Galongqu glacial debris flow might bear great hazard potential to Zhamo Road along with the global warming trend.
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Key words:
- glacial debris flow /
- characteristic of material source /
- dynamic reverse /
- Galongqu /
- Zhamo Road /
- SE Tibet
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表 1 嘎龙曲泥石流物源情况统计表
Table 1. Statistics data of material sources of Galongqu debris flow
编号 类型 位置 稳定性 物源总量/
104 m3物源动储量
/104 m3补给方式 补给条件 M01 冰碛物物源 嘎龙拉隧道东侧(嘎龙寺) 较稳定 680.54 25.24 泥石流裹挟、滑坡 冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震 M02 冰碛物物源 嘎龙拉隧道西侧 欠稳定 894.23 106.01 泥石流裹挟、滑坡 冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震 M03 冰碛物物源 仓孔北侧 欠稳定 556.6 98.12 泥石流裹挟、滑坡 冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震 M04 冰碛物物源 仓孔 欠稳定 253.1 59.2 泥石流裹挟、滑坡 冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震 M05 冰碛物物源 沟口堆积区 较稳定 566.2 0 崩滑、坡面泥石流 不参与泥石流 小计 2950.67 288.57 B01 崩塌堆积物源 上游，仓孔右侧沟道转弯处 欠稳定 35.9 6.2 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B02 崩塌堆积物源 上游，仓孔南侧 欠稳定 15.8 3.85 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B03 崩塌堆积物源 上游，仓孔北侧 较稳定 9.26 0 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 不参与泥石流 B04 崩塌堆积物源 上游，仓孔左侧沟道转弯处 较稳定 9.96 0 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 不参与泥石流 B05 崩塌堆积物源 上游仓过对岸支沟 欠稳定 12.6 1.65 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B06 崩塌堆积物源 中上游沟道变窄处 欠稳定 11.63 2.6 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B07 崩塌堆积物源 中上游冰碛垄对岸支沟 欠稳定 13.64 5.02 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B08 崩塌堆积物源 中上游冰碛垄北侧支沟 欠稳定 26.57 2.02 崩塌、坡面泥石流 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B09 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不南侧1公里 欠稳定 12.39 0.55 崩塌 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B10 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不南侧500米 欠稳定 9.3 9.36 崩塌 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B11 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不南侧100米 欠稳定 18.99 5.36 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B12 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不 欠稳定 26.36 8.52 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B13 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不对岸 欠稳定 21.32 6.24 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B14 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不北侧200米 欠稳定 15.32 9.65 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B15 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不北侧300米 欠稳定 18.55 0.22 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B16 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不北侧500米 欠稳定 69.2 3.36 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B17 崩塌堆积物源 勇打不北侧500米对岸 欠稳定 16.54 2 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B18 崩塌堆积物源 中下游勇打不北侧1公里 欠稳定 13.75 1.55 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B19 崩塌堆积物源 中下游勇打不北侧1.2公里 欠稳定 19.66 0.2 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 B20 崩塌堆积物源 中下游勇打不北侧2公里 欠稳定 28.5 4.3 崩塌、坡面侵蚀 暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震 小计 379.31 72.65 G01 沟道堆积物源 勇打不上游500米 5.64 1.69 沟床揭底冲刷 暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷 G02 沟道堆积物源 流通区中部支沟沟口 8.22 2.5 沟床揭底冲刷 暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷 G03 沟道堆积物源 仓孔 5.63 0.7 沟床揭底冲刷 暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷 G04 沟道堆积物源 堆积区沟道 2.96 0.17 沟床揭底冲刷 暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷 小计 22.45 5.06 总计 3352.43 366.28 
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表 2 嘎龙曲泥石流物源情况汇总表
Table 2. Statistics data of material sources of Galongqu debris flow
冰碛物物源 崩塌堆积物源 沟道堆积物源 合计/104 m3 物源总量 动储量 物源总量 动储量 物源总量 动储量 物源总量 动储量 2950.67 288.57 379.31 72.65 22.45 5.06 3352.43 366.28
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