DISCUSSION ON THE CONTINENTAL JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS BOUNDARY IN THE SICHUAN BASIN
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摘要: 侏罗系/白垩系界线是国际地层年表中少有几个未定全球界线层型（GSSP）之一。传统上依据菊石类生物将Berriasian阶底界定义为白垩系的底界。国际上西北太平洋Shatsky Rise的Berriasian阶最底部玄武岩岩床的同位素年代学年龄为145 Ma，从而为侏罗系/白垩系界线提供了最接近的年龄估计值。在国际上，地层对比划分大都根据海相地层，中国广泛发育的陆相侏罗系/白垩系，难以与国际标准地层对比。中国四川盆地以陆相生物为标志的界线划分与国际年代地层对比困难，导致对四川盆地陆相侏罗系/白垩系界线问题的认识长期未有更新。根据陆相生物对比结果的同时，结合考虑同位素测年、磁性地层和旋回地层，有望获得良好的效果。基于同位素测年数据和陆相生物对比分析，在遂宁组中发现了最年轻的~120 Ma的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄，而且该套地层与国际对比的核心证据介形类的研究也有新的发现，表明遂宁组有可能属于白垩系而非原认为的侏罗系。将沙溪庙组和遂宁组作为侏罗系/白垩系过渡地层系统研究，有可能在该套地层内部发现界线标志。Abstract: The Jurassic/Cretaceous is one of the boundaries that do not yet have an accepted global boundary definition. The Berriasian stage is traditionally defined as the Cretaceous base according to ammonites. The geochronology age of basalt bedrock at the bottom of the Berriasian stage in Shatsky Rise, Northwest Pacific is 145Ma, which provides the closest estimate age of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The international stratigraphical division and correlation are based on marine standard, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in China are mostly of continental strata which are difficult to compare with international standard strata. Therefore, the dominant opinion on Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Sichuan Basin has not been renewed for a long time. Based on a comprehensive analysis of paleontological, geochronologic and paleogeomagnetic studies, good results are expected. The youngest detrital zircon U-Pb age is ~120 Ma, which reflects a depositional age of younger than ~120 Ma.The detrital zircon U-Pb age of Suining Formation shows that this widespread formation should be assigned to the Cretaceous, not the Jurassic. If it is the case, the transition beds of the Jurassic/Cretaceous would be down to Shaximiao Formation and Suining Formation. Based on systematic study, the indicators or markers of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary would be obtained from Shaximiao Formation and Suining Formation.
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Key words:
- the Sichuan Basin /
- Jurassic /
- Cretaceous /
- boundary /
- zircon
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南堡凹陷为黄骅坳陷北部的新生代裂陷盆地[1]，是一个典型的复杂断块型凹陷[2]，内部断层极其发育，油气资源异常富集[3]。以往探明的油气藏大都围绕二级控洼和三级控带断裂分布[4]，表明断裂对油气的宏观分布规律有着控制作用[5]。有学者认为断裂系统、断裂几何形态和断裂交叉点等控制着油气分布[6]，但对断裂组合局部应力力学特征、断裂转折与扩容机理等没有详细的研究，这在一定程度上阻碍了对断裂控油气规律的认识[7]。构造体系是地质力学的核心内容，指许多不同形态、不同性质、不同等级和不同序次，但都有成生联系的各项构造要素组成的构造带[8]，它是全球性或区域性构造运动的产物，反映一定形式的构造应力场[9]。低序次构造控油型式更是指导找油的精华[10], 为了解析南堡凹陷断裂对油气平面分布的控制作用，现以地质力学理论为指导，以精细构造解释为基础，对南堡凹陷几种低序次断裂构造型式应力力学特征做了研究，并对断裂扩展传播过程中转折及扩容机理做了解析。将断裂转折与砂体相带分布以及古今构造应力场分布相结合，对南堡凹陷东营组油气分布规律进行研究，分析确定下一步有利勘探区方向。
1. 基本地质概况
南堡凹陷是渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷北部一个经中、新生代发育起来的北断南超的箕状凹陷[11]，是一个典型的陆相断陷湖盆，具有幕式沉降的特点[12]。凹陷北部与燕山相连、东南部与渤海衔接，以津冀边界的涧河为西边界[13]。据新的构造单元划分，南堡凹陷二级构造具有分带特征，分为西南庄、柏各庄、高柳、南堡1号、2号、2号北、3号、4号、5号老爷庙、5号南、5号北等11个断裂构造带，其间勘探已发现10个油气田。平面上已发现的油气虽然主要围绕拾场次洼和林雀次洼呈环状分布，但与生烃洼陷具有相似分布关系的富油断裂构造带油气分布也有显著差异(见图 1)。
图 1 南堡凹陷构造位置、构造单元以及断层、油气分布图Figure 1. Location and tectonic units of the Nanpu Depression and the distribution of faults and oil and gas2. 断裂平面发育特征
南堡凹陷的形成和构造变形，既有张性变形特征，又有压扭或张扭变形特征。凹陷内部断层极其发育，从整体断裂格局看(见图 1)，是一个规模宏大的“帚状”构造，内部发育多个呈特定组合样式的低序次构造，主要有“帚状”、“入字形”、“梳子式”、“雁列式”、“平行式”、“交织式”等，均属扭动构造体系下的旋扭构造体系范畴[8]。因此，将凹陷内几种特定断裂组合模式归入旋钮构造。交织式断裂系在每个二级构造带上普遍发育，它是各个盆地中常见的一种变形样式；入字型构造是李四光创立的扭动构造型式的一种[8]，凹陷内入字型构造主要分布于南堡1号构造带上(见表 1、图 1), 其主干断裂与分支断裂呈入字型相交，断层规模较大，植入生油洼陷内部，因而具有很好的油源条件，对油气运聚成藏有利；帚状构造一般是在压扭或张扭性应力背景下形成，南堡4号构造带上断裂向东南端收敛, 向北西端撒开，呈典型的帚状组合，在这些弧形断裂系的内侧往往形成断背斜构造，是油气富集的有利区带；梳子状构造是水平扭动在平面上的重要表现[14]，梳子型组合分布于南堡凹陷柏各庄断裂带上, 表现为主干断裂与同一侧次级调节断裂呈近垂直关系, 形似梳子；平行式组合主要分布于北堡老爷庙构造带、南堡2号构造带、南堡3号构造带上，这种组合样式断层规模较小，为主干断层的伴生构造，和主干断层在深部交汇可为油气运移提供次级输导作用(见图 1、表 1)。
表 1 南堡凹陷断裂平面组合模式Table 1. Composite pattern of fault planes in the Nanpu Depression
序次是指构造形迹的成生顺序上挨次控制关系，所谓低序次(低序级)构造就是由高序构造派生的，用常规地球物理方法难以识别的小构造和微构造[15~16]。如低序级断层即指由高级断层派生的, 用常规地球物理方法难以识别的小断层和微断层(断距＜10 m或延伸长度＜100 m)(见图 2)，上述“入”字形和“帚状”等断裂组合是扭动构造的低序次构造型式，高序次主干构造与低序次分支构造的成生联系有着主从关系[17~18]。据勘探提交的储量来看，柏各庄断裂带梳子式断裂组合周缘基本无油气分布，其余构造带“入字型”、“帚状”、“雁列式”“交织式”等断裂系断面转折轴部与油气分布规律存在密切关系(见图 1)。这表明，发育的低序次的旋钮构造其断裂面转折轴部高曲率部位对油气宏观分布规律有着控制作用。
3. 断裂组合应力特征及其局部应力场
由σh=ρgh知，岩层中球压应力随深度的增加而增大, 这必然致使石油从生烃洼陷深处向高处运移[19]。当岩体受偏应力作用而发生构造变形以至张裂时, 裂缝孔隙的走向沿最大主压应力梯度的优势方位分布, 因而最大主压应力梯度方向上岩石的孔渗性大于其他方向, 其中的油气易于沿最大主压应力方向流动[20]。主干断层和张性裂缝可串通孔隙, 组成油气运移的重要通道, 特别地在平行最大主压应力方位上的张性裂缝尤为关键[21], 它们通常是油气运移的最佳通道, 并把路径上的孔隙和裂隙贯通性穿起来增大运移量[22]。而应力梯度的绝对值能反映应力在岩层某一方向变化快慢，应力梯度绝对值大表明应力变化快，绝对值小表明应力变化慢。应力梯度以张量形式(求偏导)可以表示为：
ηijk=∂σij∂xk (1) σij为应力张量，xk表示k方向的长度。
应力张量梯度ηijk越大，表明应力变化很快，但应区分为静态、准静态、动态来研究，在实际工作中计算应力梯度并不实用。而应变梯度大，可以表示物体受力变形很大，所以，可从应变梯度来分析应力梯度。应变越大，岩石破裂程度越高，对于旋钮构造其断裂系的内旋层和外旋层就会形成应力梯度，由外旋层到内旋层呈某一函数规律递减或者增加。下面解析凹陷内几种特定断裂构造应力应变及其局部应力场特征：
(1) 南堡1号构造带入字型组合(见图 3)，在构造变形过程中主干构造形迹面[8]F1形成后，两盘岩层发生错动产生局部应力场，在此作用下与压应力垂直的方向上产生了压扭性分支构造形迹面F2、F3、F4、F5，与其呈锐夹角，无切穿主干构造而逐渐远离消亡，断裂转折轴部明显。其入字型构造应力场特征为(见图 4):①入字型构造中的分支构造附近是平面扩张最剧烈区, 而外围则是平面上的压缩区，主干断裂外围与分支构造形成明显的应力梯度；②从应力、应变关系来说, 分支构造附近应变后具有转折扩容特征, 而外围则表现为收缩，油气进入到分支构造转折扩容区后沿应力梯度方向运移，这是从力学角度分析得出的结论，但与研究的“入”字型构造与油气关系是相吻合的[11]。
图 3 南堡1号构造带入字型断裂系统及其局部应力场Figure 3. The λ type Fault system and local stress field of the Nanpu No.1 structural belt
图 4 入字型构造平面应变图注：正值区表示应变后的膨胀区，数值越大，膨胀越大；负值区表示应变后的收缩区，负值的绝对值越大表示收缩越强Figure 4. Strain diagram of the λ-type structure plane(2) 南堡四号构造的断裂向东南收敛，向北西撒开呈典型的帚状组合(见图 1、表 2)。有研究表明，帚状构造主应力值由收敛端到撒开端、由内旋层到外旋层(见图 5)，均呈幂律递减[11]，所谓内旋层和外旋层指帚状构造和入字型构造为低序次的发育不完全的旋钮构造[19]。由旋扭核心和旋回层组成, 旋回层呈现一端收敛另一端撒开的帚状分布, 在旋扭应力场中生成, 其应力迹线也围绕旋扭核心呈帚状展布[20]。自收敛端至撒开端或由旋扭核心向外, 主应力值均呈幂函数规律减小，可以划为外旋层和内旋层[21]。泥巴实验以及各种应力场模拟方案表明[23], 在隆起或坳陷中, 主应力值Y与距收敛端距离L可用如下函数关系式表示[11, 20~21]：
Y1=kLa(k为普通系数) (2) 表 2 部分已知油藏周围有利井位位置Table 2. Favorable location of well around part of the known oil reservoirs已知油藏 有利位置 已知油藏 有利位置 已知油藏 有利位置 NP4-2 南部 NP1-88 北东部 M10x1 北部 NP4-57 北西部 NP1-90 北东部 M10 西南部 NP401x3 北西部 NP1 北东部 G5 北部 NP4-55 西部 NP1-4 西南部 G10 西部 NP3-2 西部 NP5-10 北部 G29-6 西部 NP3-19CZ 西部 NP503 西北部 L10 东部 NP286 南部 M2 南部 L68-1 东北部 NP288 东部 M36 南部 B22x1 北部 NP2-82 西南部 G23 西部 M16x1 西北部 (α＜0)的幂律递减, 只是在不同段剖面上, K和α的值不同, 其主应力值下降最剧烈的部位都是在收敛端到旋回层的约0.4处, 中部到撒开端应力值变化较平缓。油气也主要分布在应力值变化相对平缓的中部至撒开端区带上, 这是因为在此段上应力不集中, 油气易生成, 圈闭易形成, 生、储、盖组合往往较发育, 油气易富集。应力集中区往往在旋扭核心附近, 随着距旋扭核心位置的加大主应力值逐渐减小(内旋层中σ1的最小值大于外旋层σ1的最大值), 它们的函数关系亦满足:
Y2=kLa(k是普通系数) (3) 只是，(α＜0)，K、α值与(2)式不同而已[11]。
综上，帚状断裂系控制油气分布范围和富集部位。这是南堡4号构造带油气为何主要分布于南部而不在北部的关键原因，油气分布严格受弧形旋回构造带的控制, 在中带撒开端的储量范围占该区控制的油气储量大, 收敛端仅有很小范围内含油。
4. 断裂转折及其控油机理刍析
4.1 断裂转折成因
断裂面转折是断裂构造变形的普遍现象，南堡凹陷内部断裂极其发育，断裂面转折普遍可见。在格里菲斯及其修正的破裂准则基础上, 已有学者用实验证实:即使单条断裂也具分岔扩展的特征[24]，这就表明，断裂扩展传播过程中断面很少呈平直型。文中将断裂转折成因概述如下：①同一构造应力变形下，由于砂泥岩层以及砂泥互层发育的地层，岩层物理—力学性质的不同，岩层破裂所遵循的两个剪切面的夹角存在差异，当断裂断穿不同岩性地层时，其走向在不同岩层接触界面处发生拐折；②既就同一岩层内部结构也并不均一，在构造变形过程中不同部位空间上赋存的边界条件的差异都可致使断裂转折；③在漫长的地质构造演化中，构造应力场的多期叠次作用与改造，使得不同方向展布的断裂交互复合，其中一条断裂对另一条断裂发生局部应力场的利用与迁就，致使断裂产状改变产生断裂转折；④同一构造期次变形，当两种或多种不同方式、不同大小、不同力学性质的作用力作用于同一构造带, 会形成不同组合型式的联合构造及其相应的断裂转折现象[25]；⑤岩性过渡带或者岩性明显变化处断裂切深发生变化致使断裂面走向变化而形成转折；⑥断层活动形成的次级破裂在断层的演化过程中会逐渐连接，形成断层走向或倾向上的转折。
4.2 断裂转折应力应变特征及其控油机理刍析
由南堡凹陷勘探提交的探明、控制、预测的油气储量来看，油气较为富集的部位大都位于各构造带低序次构造断裂系断面转折轴部高曲率部位及附近(见图 1)，断裂面转折对油气宏观分布规律有着控制作用。对于弧形转折断裂，轴部高曲率部位凸侧为剪应力高值区，其次是断裂端点处；对于折线形断裂转折，其转折角大小对应力集中程度与部位存在一定关联, 当转折角较大时，其转折叠复部位外钝角一侧为剪应力高值区，期次断裂端点处出现相应剪应力高值；当转折角较小时，其内侧也会出现应力集中现象(见图 6)。对于旋钮构造，内旋层分支构造附近是平面扩张最强烈区, 而外旋层外围则是平面上的压缩区，主干构造外围与内部分支构造形成明显的应力梯度(见图 4、图 5)。内旋层分支构造凹面一侧引张量大，张性裂缝和微裂隙较发育，应力遭受释放多，为相对低势区；而凸面一侧引张量小，张性裂缝较微裂隙发育程度低，应力遭受释放少，为相对高势区。这样在旋钮构造的内旋层和外旋层之间以及内旋层断裂转折凹面一侧和凸面一侧形成了高、低势能。当油气运移进入到内旋层分支构造时，沿高势区向低势区运移，即岩应力梯度方向运移。因此，对于旋钮构造，内旋层分支较外旋层主干构造外围油气富集，内旋层分支构造断裂面转折凹面一侧较凸面一侧富集。
控油机理刍析：①断裂转折产状的变化，必然造成断裂两盘相对活动中在断裂带内不同地段产生应力—应变差，并在此差应力作用下形成局部构造紧闭区和局部拉分区，前者处于封闭状态可以封存油气，后者可为油气聚集赋存提供优越空间；②总的来看，断裂面转折轴部岩石破裂程度高，张性裂缝及微裂隙通常较发育，孔渗性比其他部位都高，主干断裂与张性裂缝和原始微裂隙的贯通性联接构成油气优势运移通道、决定着其主运移方向和增大其运移能力；③断裂面转折扩容的效率影响着流体(油气)运移状态，快速的扩容(如隐爆、坍塌)可以使运移油气的压力快速降低，从而致使油气在非常局限的扩容空间内快速聚集。断裂面转折扩容的规模决定了油气的富集程度，大规模的扩容可导致大规模的流体汇聚，为规模性油气富集成藏创造空间条件。事实上，在断裂构造控油气中，断层面产状、形态的改变、断裂的交叉、分支、叠复以及断裂面断裂转折扩容等对油气分布规律的控制作用均具有相似性和同性，表现为由此而导致的局部应力应变、运移能力条件和运移状态的变化。
5. 南堡凹陷东营组油气分布规律与有利勘探方向选择
5.1 东营组不同构造带油气分布规律分析
南堡1号构造油气多富集于断裂系的凹面侧(见图 1、图 7)，这是因为入字型构造在其分支断裂形成应力释放后，在继续的剪切环境下分支构造又成为新的局部边界条件, 原有的应力分布状态又被改变, 各点的应变也由原来的压缩状态变为扩张[27]。这样, 紧接分支构造形成后的继续扭动作用, 分支构造部位对于外围地区, 就造成明显的应力梯度和水动力压差, 促成油气水由外围收缩区向分支构造的转折扩容区运移、富集成藏。南堡4号构造带油气主要聚集在帚状构造内旋层内侧和撒开端, 尤其是在中部至撒开端约占全长五分之二范围为油气较为富集；这是因为自内旋层至外旋层和由收敛端至撒开端主应力值都呈幂函数规律减小, 应力快速减小的部位在距收敛端的五分之二处；事实上, 油气也主要聚集在距收敛端五分之二以外直至撒开端范围内[28]。南堡凹陷北堡—老爷庙构造带、南堡2号构造带、南堡3号构造带油气主要聚集于“平行式”、“交织式”断裂系断面转折轴部及附近；“平行式”组合样式断层规模一般较小，为主干断层的伴生断层，与主干断裂在深部交汇，对油气次级输导具有很好的作用。
图 7 南堡凹陷馆陶组底面构造图与东营组油气储量叠合Figure 7. The structure map of the Guantao formation bottom in the Nanpu Depression overlapped with the oil and gas reserves in Dongying formation油气在成藏动力的作用下总是从高势区向低势区运移, 且总是优先选择输导体系中的高孔高渗带运移[29]。南堡凹陷内由于断裂活动频繁且强烈，断块差异沉降导致沉积相带迁移频繁，砂体常受断裂分隔。从宏观上来看，油气具有沿沉积相带由细到粗的构造脊高点以及同沉积断裂断层面转折的凹面一侧选择性运移的特征，这是因为断裂面转折凹面一侧相对于凸面一侧引张量大, 张性裂缝与微裂隙较为发育、且孔渗性较其他部位高[27] (见图 8)。高孔高渗砂体分布相带与断裂面转折扩容域高孔、高渗部位的有利对接决定了油气运移的主运移向, 这已被李振宏实验模拟证实[30]。高孔高渗砂体分布与“入字型”、“帚状”、“雁列式”、交织式等断裂系转折轴部高孔渗部位有力匹配，油源断裂与高孔砂体输导决定了油气运移的主运移方向(见图 7)。因此，断裂系转折轴部油气较为富集。
图 8 南堡凹陷东一段油气分布与高孔隙度带及断裂输导、转折关系Figure 8. Relations between the oil and gas distribution of the Dong-1 member in the Nanbu Depression, high porosity zone, fault transportation and fault deflecting5.2 有利勘探方向选择
晋香兰应力场模拟[31]表明，北堡构造带、老爷庙、高尚堡剪应力值在东营末期无明显差别, 并处于应力相对低值区；而老堡、南堡、蛤沱东南部构造带剪应力值在东营末期较高(见图 9a)；由现今构造剪应力来看，剪应力低值区分布于高尚堡构造带, 剪应力中等值区分布于老爷庙北部、北堡、老堡、蛤沱南部构造带，北堡以北、老爷庙西部区域处于剪应力高值区(见图 9b)。经分析可知，南堡凹陷北堡、高尚堡、老爷庙3个二级构造带处于中等—偏低剪应力状态，说明岩层破裂强度低，裂缝发育程度不高，在现今东西向挤压应力环境下，北堡、老爷庙构造带发育的北东向断裂，高尚堡构造带发育的北西西向断裂处于封闭状态，有利于油气富集。而老堡、南堡，南堡4号蛤坨构造带南部在东营组末期处于高应力状态，岩石破裂应力应变强度大，裂缝发育程度高，南堡构造带尽管处于高应力状态，但在两期联合压应力环境下，断裂的封闭足以构成油气聚集的屏障。老堡北东东向构造带在现今东西向挤压应力作用下开启，利于油气运移。南堡4号蛤坨构造带南部在东营组末期北西—南东向挤压应力作用下呈开启状态，而在现今东西向挤压应力作用下又呈封闭状态，所以蛤坨构造带南部有利于油气聚集，北部整体不利。
综合研究可知，断裂转折轴部高曲率部位对油气宏观分布规律具有控制作用，而断裂系转折程度可用曲率大小来度量。以富油的南堡1号构造带“入字型”构造为例，根据三点法及公式(1)和(2)可求解其曲率，得出断裂系转折轴部高曲率与油气分布关系(见图 10)。但油气的运聚受诸多因素的共同制约，如果孤立地对断裂系应力力学及局部应力场特征、断裂折射及转折扩容或某一圈闭进行单一分析, 将很难找出油气有利富集区带。现将断裂系转折与高孔高渗砂体相带、古今构造应力场分布有机结合，来选择有利富油带。
图 10 南堡1号断裂带入字型断裂系转折轴部高曲率与油气分布关系Figure 10. Relations between the high curvature of deflecting shaft of the λ-type fault system in the Nanbu No.1 fault zone and the oil and gas distribution综上所述，从以下几个层面分析南堡凹陷内有利勘探区带：①断裂转折层面。北堡断裂构造带和南堡1号构造带断裂面转折程度高，其次是南堡4号蛤坨构造带南堡断裂系(见图 7)。②断裂转折与砂体相带分布配置层面。断裂转折轴部高曲率凹面一侧与孔渗性较高的砂体相带对接配置较好，高孔渗性砂体分布于南堡1号、2号构造带、北部构造带，其次是南堡4号蛤坨构造带南部(见图 8)。③构造应力场方面。由晋香兰的应力场模拟结果(见图 9a、9b)可知，已发现的油气藏在老爷庙、高尚堡构造带主要分布构造剪应力低值区, 岩石破裂强度低，北堡构造带剪应力分布与其具有相似特征, 因此北堡构造带是今后勘探最为有利的区带, 其次是南堡和蛤坨构造带南堡。
综上，用邓俊国[32]的有限元数值模拟和计算机技术, 对南堡凹陷的构造应力场、构造和沉积演化史进行了研究，分析出下一步有利勘探区带(见图 11), 部分已知油气藏周围有利的井位位置见表 2。
图 11 南堡凹陷东营组含油气预测图(阴影部分表示油气有利聚集区)Figure 11. Prediction map of oil and gas of Dongying formation in Nanpu Depression(Shaded parts in the map indicate the favorable areas for gathering oil and gas)6. 结论
文中从断裂构造型式组合应力力学特征、断层转折折射与扩容机理方面，研究断裂对油气宏观分布规律的控制作用。以南堡凹陷为例，对其东营组油气分布规律与有利勘探方向选择做了论证分析，寻找有勘探潜力的油气富集带，综合研究，得出如下结论：
(1) 断裂产状变化处，必然造成断裂两盘相对活动中在断裂带内不同段产生应力应变差，形成局部构造紧闭区和局部拉分剥离区，后者可为油气提供赋存空间，前者具有一定的封堵性；此外，断裂转折处又是应力集中部位，岩石破裂强度大，孔渗性比其他部位都高，主干断裂与其诱导的张性裂缝和孔隙串通起来构成油气最佳运移通道和增大其运移能力。
(2) 从宏观上来看，油气具有沿沉积相带由细到粗的构造脊高点以及断裂系转折轴部高曲率凹面一侧的选择性运移的特征，断裂系转折轴部凹面一侧相对于凸面一侧引张量大, 在伸展剪切作用下形成的扩容空间，与孔高渗砂体分相带的有利对置决定了油气的主运移方向。
(3) 经断裂应力力学及其局部应力场特征与高孔高渗砂体相带分布、古今构造应力场分布相结合，指出，北堡构造带是今后优势勘探的首选区带，其次是南堡构造带和南堡4号蛤坨构造带南部。
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图 2 川东北地区与冀北辽西地区侏罗系—白垩系地层对比示意图
Figure 2. Summary chart of the stratigraphic divisions and correlations of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary strata in the northeast Sichuan Basin and the north Hebei-west Liaoning area
图 3 四川盆地东北部通江地区遂宁组剖面
(T-J3sn为采样位置)
Figure 3. The section of Suining Formation in Tongjiang area, northeast Sichuan Basin. (T-J3sn represents the location of the sample)
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