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摘要: 对于苏门答腊的构造单元划分，当前地质学界的主流观点认为由东、西苏门答腊2个地块组成。这一模型中，东部因发育晚古生代“冷水型动物群”（阿拉斯灰岩）和含砾泥岩（博霍洛克组冰碛岩）被归为冈瓦纳亲缘的 Sibumasu （滇缅泰马）地块；西部则因发育晚古生代“暖水型动物群”（关丹灰岩）和亲华夏植物群（门卡兰组占碑植物群）被划为亲华夏地块，二者以中央构造带为界。文章在最新的野外考察基础上，结合详细的资料调研，系统回顾了苏门答腊二分模型提出与完善的过程，并通过构造、地层和古生物地理区系对比认为东、西苏门答腊地块具有相似的变质程度、构造变形特征，且地层序列接近。二者之间可能并没有明显的构造（板块）的分区，不同地质时期的沉积环境和古生物地理区系的差异可能仅代表了古纬度差异或气候变迁。同时，岩浆岩测年结果也支持这一看法。目前的证据表明，东、西苏门答腊地块可能为统一的整体。Abstract:
Objective The tectonic units in Sumatra were considered as the two parts: Eastern and Western blocks. Generally, the East Sumatra block affiliated with Gondwana, due to its late Paleozoic “cold-water fauna” (Alas limestone) and pebbly mudstone (Bohorok Formation glacial till); While the West Sumatra block is classified as the Cathaysian-affiliated block due to its late Paleozoic “warm-water fauna” (Kuantan Limestone) and Cathaysian flora (Mengkarang Formation Jambi Flora). These two are separated by the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone. Methods Through the field observation, structural analysis, stratigraphic comparisons, and systematically paleobiogeographic reviewing; even the key outcrops were examined to document the structures and lithological variations. Results The Eastern and Western Sumatra blocks, as the “basement” of weakly metamorphosed Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphic sequences, these rocks exhibit similar metamorphic facies, structural characteristics, such as geometry and related deformations. The differences in sedimentary environments and paleobiogeographic faunas across various geological periods are likely indicative of variations in ancient latitude or climatic changes rather than distinct tectonic boundaries instead of belonging to the different blocks. Geochronological work of the magmatic rock indicated the interpretation that the two blocks may have once formed a unified whole. And the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone does not act as a significant tectonic (plate) boundary. Conclusion The East and West Sumatra blocks may have originated as a single tectonic unit or plate. Similarities in metamorphic facies, deformation patterns, stratigraphic sequences, and magmatic histories suggest a common geological evolution. Differences in sedimentary environments and paleobiogeographic faunas across different geological periods likely reflect variations in ancient latitude or climatic changes. Geochronological work related to the magmatic rock results support this interpretation, indicating that the two blocks may have once formed a unified whole. [Significance] This study challenges the traditional two-block model and suggests that the East and West Sumatra blocks should be considered as a unified block or plate. The findings highlight the importance of considering the unified tectonic framework of Sumatra in future geological studies and resource assessment in Southeast Asia. -
图 1 苏门答腊区域地质图及碎屑锆石谱峰图
a—苏门答腊构造地质简图（据 Barber et al.，2005修改）；b—东亚地区大地构造格架简图；c—古特提斯闭合后碎屑锆石所记录的构造（热）事件谱峰分布图；d—新生代碎屑锆石所记录的构造（热）事件谱峰分布图（数据来源于Hsu，2016；Zhang et al.，2018，2019，2021；Lai et al.，2024）
Figure 1. Regional geological map of Sumatra and detrital zircon U-Pb zircon age distribution diagram
（a）Schematic tectono-geological map of Sumatra (modified from Barber et al.，2005)；（b）Simplified tectonic framework of Eastern Asia；（c）Spectrum distribution maps of tectonic (thermal) events recorded in detrital zircons after the closure of the Paleo Tethys；（d）Spectrum distribution maps of tectonic (thermal) events recorded in detrital zircons in Cenozoic (data from Hsu，2016；Zhang et al.，2018，2019，2021；Lai et al.，2024)
图 2 东、西苏门答腊地块及沃拉推覆体的地层柱状图（据 Qian et al.，2025修改）
Figure 2. Stratigraphic columns of East Sumatra block, West Sumatra block, and Woyla nappe (modified from Qian et al.，2025)
图 4 西苏门答腊地块野外及镜下岩石变形及相关的运动学特征
a—强烈面理化的沉积岩，原始沉积层理被后期构造面理取代；b—粉砂岩中定向发育的黄铁矿指示了北东—南西向的矿物拉伸线理（红色箭头为矿物拉伸线理的方向）；c—泥质片岩中的石英脉体被剪切成布丁形态，指示了上部北东向的运动学特点（黑色箭头表示剪切变形的运动学方向）；d—显微照片：变质粉砂岩中发育的韧性剪切带：σ型不对称的石英剪切碎斑，指示了上部北东向的剪切变形（黑色箭头表示剪切变形的运动学方向）
Figure 4. Field and microscopic photos of West Sumatra block to show the ductile deformation and related kinematics
(a) Well foliated metasedimentary rocks, where the bedding has been replaced by foliation; (b) Oriented pyrite in siltstone showing NE−SW mineral and stretching lineation (The red arrow indicates the direction of mineral stretching lineation); (c) Boudinaged felsic veins in the pelitic-schist indicating a top-to-the-NE ductile shearing (The black arrow indicates the kinematic direction); (d) Asymmetric sheared quartz grain in the siltstone exhibiting a top-to-the-NE ductile shearing (The black arrow indicates the kinematic direction)
图 5 东苏门答腊地块野外及镜下岩石变形特征及相关的运动学
实线—原始层理面（S0）；虚线—劈理面（S1）a—劈理化粉砂岩中的“层陡劈缓”现象，指示了极性指向北东的不对称褶皱的倒转翼；b—劈理化粉砂岩中的“层陡劈缓”现象，指示了极性指向北东的不对称褶皱的倒转翼；c—泥岩中发育的剪切条带所表现的σ形态指示了上部指向北东的剪切变形特点；d—含砾泥岩（坠石岩）中，砾石周围形成上部指向北东不对称的压力影；e—剪切变形的粉砂岩中发育旋转碎斑及剪切压力影（显微照片），指示上部指向北东的剪切变形
Figure 5. Field and microscopic photos of East Sumatra to show the deformation and related kinematics
(a) Relationship between the layer and cleavage indicating overturned strata in the asymmetric fold; (b) Relationship between the layer and cleavage indicating overturned strata in the asymmetric fold; (c) Shear band in the mudstone indicating a top-to-the-NE sense of shear; (d) Top-to-the-NE asymmetric pressure shadow around pebbles in the pebbly mudstone (drop stone); (e) Microscope photo of the pressure shadow and asymmetric porphyroclast of quartz in siltstone indicating a top-to-the-NE shearing S0—Original Bedding Plane (Solid Line); S1—Cleavage (Dashed Line)
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