基于阵列声波测井估算碳酸盐岩储层岩石力学和地应力参数−以顺北4号带为例

刘军; 黄超; 周磊; 陈群; 张生龙

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023110

基于阵列声波测井估算碳酸盐岩储层岩石力学和地应力参数−以顺北4号带为例

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023110

刘军^1,,
黄超¹,
周磊^2, ,,
陈群¹,
张生龙¹

1.
中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京 100081

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金项目（2018M631541）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20221660-1，DD20242777）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘军（1982—），男，副研究员，主要从事石油物探研究。Email：408843381@qq.com

通讯作者:
周磊（1987—），男，助理研究员，主要从事石油地质研究。Email：zhoulei4010@126.com

中图分类号: P634.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-28
- 修回日期: 2023-09-22
- 录用日期: 2023-09-22
- 预出版日期: 2023-09-22
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-28

Estimation of the rock mechanics and in-situ stress parameters of carbonate reservoirs using array sonic logging: A case study of Shunbei No.4 block

1.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Northwest Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Research Fund (Grant No. 2018M631541) and the Geological Survey Projects of the China Geological Survey (Grants No. DD20221660-1 and DD20242777).

摘要

摘要: 地质力学分析在油气藏勘探开发过程中发挥着重要作用，顺北油气田中—下奥陶统一间房组—鹰山组储层地应力研究相对滞后。对比分析了顺北4号带下古生界中—下奥陶统一间房组—鹰山组碳酸盐岩不同类型储层的岩石力学和地应力特征，同时探讨了微观颗粒结构对碳酸盐岩储层地应力和岩石力学参数的控制作用，为顺北地区超深层碳酸盐岩储层评价提供了基础地质依据。基于弹簧组合模型，通过岩石力学实验和阵列声波测井确定了岩石力学和地应力特征，通过铸体薄片和X射线CT扫描表征碳酸盐岩的微观孔隙结构。研究结果表明：顺北4号带一间房组—鹰山组杨氏模量分布在50～89 GPa，抗压强度在99～136 MPa，泊松比在0.25～0.32；地层最大水平主应力为200～225 MPa，最小水平主应力为125～160 MPa。一间房组—鹰山组碳酸盐岩不同类型储层的岩石力学参数和地应力存在明显差异，从I类、II类、III类到非储层段碳酸盐岩的杨氏模量、抗压强度和最大水平主应力明显增大，而泊松比和最小水平主应力变化不大。相比于一间房组—鹰山组泥晶灰岩，砂屑−生屑灰岩方解石颗粒较大，颗粒黏结程度降低，导致岩石抗压强度和杨氏模量减小；砂屑−生屑灰岩部分方解石颗粒呈次圆状或圆状，颗粒三维空间球度较大，颗粒之间咬合作用减弱，使得岩石的抗压强度和杨氏模量减小；砂屑−生屑灰岩存在大量的孔隙和裂缝，灰岩易沿着潜在的微裂缝面或者颗粒接触面摩擦滑动甚至破裂，同样导致岩石抗压强度和杨氏模量减小。此外，一间房组—鹰山组泥晶灰岩受热液作用影响，部分白云石交代为石英，导致泥晶灰岩的抗压强度和杨氏模量增加。岩石的宏观力学特征和岩石力学参数受岩石微观颗粒结构的制约，一间房组—鹰山组杨氏模量、抗压强度和最大水平主应力低值区即为顺北4号带优势储层发育区带。
- 顺北4号带 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 岩石力学参数 /
- 地应力
Abstract: Objective Geomechanical analysis plays a crucial role in exploring and developing oil and gas reservoirs. However, the study of in-situ stress in the Yijianfang–Yingshan formations of the Middle to Lower Ordovician in the Shunbei oilfield has lagged behind. This paper compares and analyzes the rock mechanics and in-situ stress characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs in the Yijianfang-Yingshan formations of the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician in the Shunbei No. 4 block, and explores the control effect of micro-grain structures on the in-situ stress and rock mechanics parameters of carbonate reservoirs. It aims to provide fundamental geological data for the evaluating of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the Shunbei area. Methods This study, based on the spring combination model, determined the rock mechanics and in-situ stress characteristics through rock mechanics experiments and array acoustic logging, and characterized the micro-pore structure of the limestone using casting thin sections and X-ray μ-computed tomography analysis. Results The results indicate that the Young's modulus of the Yijianfang–Yingshan formations ranges from 50 to 89 GPa, the compressive strength from 99 to 136 MPa, and the Poisson's ratio from 0.25 to 0.32. The maximum horizontal principal stress of the formations ranges from 200 to 225 MPa, while the minimum horizontal principal stress ranges from 125 to 160 MPa. Conclusion Significant differences in rock mechanics parameters and in-situ stress exist among different types of carbonate reservoirs in the Yijianfang–Yingshan formations. From Type I to Type III and non-reservoir carbonate rocks, the Young's modulus, compressive strength, and maximum horizontal principal stress increase dramatically, while the Poisson's ratio and minimum horizontal principal stress show little change. Compared to micritic limestone, sandy–bioclastic limestone has larger calcite particles and reduced particle cohesion, resulting in decreased compressive strength and Young's modulus. Some calcite particles appear sub-rounded or rounded with higher three-dimensional particle sphericity, also leading to weaker intergranular engagement and further reduction in compressive strength and Young's modulus. The presence of numerous pores and fractures in sandy-bioclastic limestone facilitates frictional sliding and potential failure along microfractures or particle interfaces, contributing to lower compressive strength and Young's modulus as well. In addition, micritic limestones in the Yijianfang–Yingshan formations are affected by hydrothermal activity, with some dolomite being replaced by quartz, which increases the compressive strength and Young's modulus. The macroscopic mechanical characteristics and rock mechanics parameters of the rock are constrained by the micro-grain structures. The low-value zones of the Young's modulus, compressive strength, and maximum horizontal principal stress in the Yijianfang–Yingshan formations are identified as the advantageous reservoir development zones in the Shunbei No. 4 block.
- Shunbei No. 4 block /
- carbonate rock /
- rock mechanic parameters /
- in-situ stress

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图 1 塔里木盆地顺北油气田构造位置和奥陶系储层岩性特征（漆立新，2020）

Figure 1. Location of the Shunbei oil and gas field in the Tarim Basin (modified from Qi, 2020) and the lithological characteristics of the Ordovician reservoir

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图 2 动、静态岩石力学参数关系图

Figure 2. The correlations between dynamic and static rock mechanics parameters

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图 3 不同类型储层的岩石力学参数对比图

Figure 3. The comparison charts of rock mechanics parameters for different types of reservoirs

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图 4 不同类型储层的地应力参数对比图

Figure 4. The comparison charts of in-situ stress parameters for different types of reservoirs

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图 5 SHB41X井地应力和岩石力学参数剖面

Figure 5. The profile of in-situ stress and rock mechanics parameters for well SHB41X

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图 6 SHB45X井一间房组灰岩类型

a—含硅质泥晶灰岩，SHB45X井7722 m；b—泥晶灰岩，SHB45X井7724 m；c—生屑灰岩，SHB45X井7725 m；d—鲕粒灰岩，SHB45X井7727 m

Figure 6. Limestone types of the Yijianfang Formation in well SHB45

(a) Siliceous micritic limestone, at 7722 m in well SHB45X; (b) Micritic limestone, at 7724 m in well SHB45X; (c) Bioclastic limestone, at 7725 m in well SHB45X; (d) Oolitic limestone, at 7727 m in well SHB45X

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图 7 不同类型储层裂缝CT成像

a—非储层段灰岩CT切片，SHB43X井7570.25 m；b—非储层段灰岩柱塞CT成像，SHB43X井7570.25 m，；c—III类储层灰岩CT切片SHB41X井，7543.3 m；d—III类储层灰岩柱塞CT成像，SHB41X井7543.3 m

Figure 7. CT images of fractures in different reservoirs

(a) CT slice of limestone in the non-reservoir section, at 7570.25 m in well SHB43X; (b) CT image of limestone plug in the non-reservoir section, at 7570.25 m in well SHB43X; (c) CT slice of limestone in Type III reservoir, at 7543.3 m in well SHB41X; (d) CT image of limestone plug in Type III reservoir, at 7543.3 m in well SHB41X

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表 1 动、静态岩石力学参数

Table 1. The dynamic and static rock mechanics parameters from geomechanical experiments

井号	井深/m	E_s/GPa	v_s	E_d/GPa	v_d	σ_h/MPa	σ_H/MPa
SHB41X	7543.30	52	0.222	72.24	0.342
SHB41X	7543.18	58	0.287	75.04	0.312	147	200
SHB43X	7570.05	62	0.267	79.53	0.32	143	213
SHB43X	7570.25	64	0.239	79.73	0.346
SHB43X	7572.24	63	0.291	79.51	0.317
SHB44X	7632.79	57	0.270	79.67	0.304	149	212
SHB44X	7634.66	45	0.298	71.44	0.302
注：E_s—静态杨氏模量，GPa；v_s—静态泊松比，无量纲；E_d—动态杨氏模量，GPa；v_d—动态泊松比，无量纲；σ_h—最小水平主应力，MPa；σ_H—最大水平主应力，MPa

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表 2 顺北4号带地破实验参数和地层压力

Table 2. The LOT parameters and formation pressure for the Shunbei No. 4 block

井名	地破层位	地破深度/m	地破当量密度/（g/cm³）	地破压力	深度/m	地层压力/MPa
SHB41X	库车组	1500	1.97	29.0	7500	90.67
SHB41X	卡拉沙依组	4349	1.55	66.1	7984	92.51
SHB42X	吉迪克组	2009	1.96	38.6
SHB42X	却尔却克组	6140	1.74	104.7
SHB43X	库车组	1505	1.84	27.1	2500	64.21
SHB43X	卡拉沙依组	4441	1.55	67.5	7944	91.97
SHB44X	库车组	1509	2.18	32.2	7431	88.44
SHB44X	卡拉沙依组	4430	1.72	74.7	7882	90.55

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