Application and Prospect of Geophysical Exploration Technologies in Large-Scale Oil and Gas Engineering Construction

The construction of large-scale oil and gas engineering projects serves as a strategic cornerstone for ensuring national energy security. Various types of projects, including long-distance pipelines, refining and chemical engineering, and underground storage facilities, are being advanced synergistically, playing an irreplaceable supporting role in the national economy and people's livelihoods. Integrated site investigation, running through from site selection and design to construction and operation. Its core tasks are accurately identifying geological hazards along long-distance pipelines, foundation conditions of refining and chemical plant sites, rock mass integrity and stability in underground spaces. However, poor adaptability to complex terrains, limited detection range, disturbance and damage to the site, high costs and long time remain the shortcomings of current drilling technologies. Engineering geophysical, leveraging the unique advantages of non-destructive, rapid, and capable of 3D exploration, have become the answer of the aforementioned challenges. Methods such as Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), shallow seismic exploration, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and microtremor surveys have been widely applied in oil and gas projects. Appropriate combinations of geophysical methods have demonstrated significant effectiveness in pipeline investigation, foundation exploration in karst-developed areas, and underground storage facility investigation. With the maturation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, semi-airborne and fully airborne geophysics will effectively address personnel safety and exploration efficiency issues in complex terrains. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven geophysical data processing and inversion techniques are expected to achieve computational acceleration by tens of thousands of times. Airborne-ground-borehole joint inversion will enable 3D high-precision imaging. The development of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology provides a new method for real-time dynamic monitoring of geological. Engineering geophysical is advancing towards intelligence, multi-dimensionality, and real-time capability, which will provide more robust technical support for the construction of large-scale oil and gas engineering projects.