Volume 32 Issue 3
Jun.  2026
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PAN J W，LI H B，LIU F C，et al.，2026. Characteristics of surface ruptures produced by recent major earthquakes on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, and their tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，32（3）：509−527 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026053
Citation: PAN J W，LI H B，LIU F C，et al.，2026. Characteristics of surface ruptures produced by recent major earthquakes on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, and their tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，32（3）：509−527 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026053
shu

Characteristics of surface ruptures produced by recent major earthquakes on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, and their tectonic implications

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2026053
  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration, Beijing 100094, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, China

  • 3.

    National field observation and research station (Jiangsu Donghai) for continental deep hole crustal activity, Lianyungang 222300, Jiangsu, China

  • 4.

    Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Funds:  This research was financially supported by Special Project on Basic Resources Investigation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2021FY100101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42372274 and 42325207), and the China Geological Survey Project of the China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20240100703).
More Information
  • Received: 2026-05-12
  • Revised: 2026-05-30
  • Accepted: 2026-05-31
    • Available Online: 2026-06-03
  • Published: 2026-06-28
    Abstract
  •   Objective  Coseismic surface ruptures provide key evidence for identifying the seismogenic structures of earthquakes, elucidating crustal deformation mechanisms, and assessing seismic hazards. To understand the surface deformation and disaster development characteristics associated with different types of fault activity on the Tibetan Plateau, and to reveal the current crustal deformation patterns reflected by a series of strong earthquakes in recent years, we systematically compiled and analyzed the surface rupture characteristics of five M>6.5 earthquakes that have occurred on the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas since 2021, based on field surveys.   Methods  We used the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo, 2022 MW 6.6 Menyuan, 2022 MW 6.6 Luding, 2024 MW 7.0 Wushi, and 2025 MW 7.1 Dingri earthquakes as representative cases. We integrated results from remote sensing interpretation, field surveys, and UAV photogrammetry, as well as seismological and geodetic data, to conduct a detailed analysis of the surface rupture and coseismic displacement distribution characteristics of these events.   Results  The strike-slip Maduo and Menyuan earthquakes formed coseismic surface rupture zones approximately 150~160 km and 22~31 km long, respectively, with maximum coseismic surface displacements of ~3.6 m and ~3.7 m. Contrastingly, the Luding earthquake, also a strike-slip event, exhibited a surface rupture only ~450 m long at Ertaizi. The strong, MW 5.7 aftershock of the thrust-type Wushi earthquake generated a coseismic surface rupture zone ~5 km long with a maximum vertical displacement of ~1.7 m, while the normal-fault-type Dingri earthquake formed a coseismic surface rupture zone 25~36.5 km long with a maximum vertical displacement of ~2.7 m.  Conclusions  A comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of major regional earthquakes indicates that, prior to the 2022 Luding earthquake, major earthquakes on the Tibetan Plateau were primarily clustered around the periphery of the active Bayan Har block. The subsequent Wushi and Dingri earthquakes both occurred far from the Bayan Har block, suggesting that the clustering period of major earthquakes in this active block may have ended. Further analysis of focal mechanism solutions indicates that strike-slip earthquakes have dominated recent moderate-to-strong seismic events on the Tibetan Plateau and its periphery. This may be related to the fact that current crustal deformation on the Tibetan Plateau is primarily regulated and absorbed through the lateral extrusion of active blocks along large strike-slip fault zones.  Significance  The above research findings provide fundamental data and references for earthquake early warning, disaster prevention and mitigation, as well as the planning, construction, and seismic design of major regional engineering projects in the Tibetan Plateau region.

     

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