Advances in Tectonic Physical Analog Modeling Under Hypergravity

[Objective]Physical analogue modeling is an effective laboratory method for reconstructing geological structure evolution, yet conventional normal-gravity experiments face limitations due to significant deviations in stress levels compared to natural prototypes. Hypergravity technology offers a novel pathway to address this issue and has emerged as a frontier approach for investigating deep and large spatio-temporal scale Earth deformation. [Methods] This paper systematically reviews the research progress in hypergravity physical analogue modeling, summarizes the characteristics and applications of experimental devices such as disc-type and cantilever centrifuges used worldwide, analyzes the suitability of non-powered and powered driving systems, elaborates on the application principles of analog material systems for ductile, brittle, and complete crustal profiles, and introduces key techniques for surface deformation observation and internal structure detection. [Conclusion] Through the analysis of analog experiments simulating compressional structures, extensional structures, diapirs, and subduction, the unique advantages of hypergravity in amplifying density-driven effects, accelerating tectonic deformation, and enhancing simulation similarity are revealed, with specific patterns of its influence on structural styles and propagation processes clarified. During the research, the authors also developed a hypergravity physical analogue modeling experiment chamber compatible with the Zhejiang University ZJU400 centrifuge and conducted related experimental studies. [Significance] This research provides a systematic reference for methodological innovation and theoretical development in hypergravity physical analogue modeling, and holds positive significance for advancing structural geology toward quantification and interdisciplinary integration.