Volume 32 Issue 3
Jun.  2026
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Geomechanics  > 2026  >  32(3): 656-669
WANG C Q，SUN D X，ZHANG Y L，et al.，2026. A 4400-year-old extreme paleo-storm surge recorded in the Dongzhai Port Chenier, Hainan Island, China[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，32（3）：656−669 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025073
Citation: WANG C Q，SUN D X，ZHANG Y L，et al.，2026. A 4400-year-old extreme paleo-storm surge recorded in the Dongzhai Port Chenier, Hainan Island, China[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，32（3）：656−669 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025073
shu

A 4400-year-old extreme paleo-storm surge recorded in the Dongzhai Port Chenier, Hainan Island, China

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025073
  • 1.

    Institute of Geomechanics , Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081,China

Funds:  This research was financially supported by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Basal Research Fund (Grant Nos. JKYQN202412, JKYQN202334) and the Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20242319).
More Information
  • Received: 2025-06-20
  • Revised: 2025-10-28
  • Accepted: 2026-01-06
    • Available Online: 2026-03-13
  • Published: 2026-06-28
    Abstract
  •   Objective  Establishing a long-term typhoon sequence by identifying ancient storm surge records and extreme storm surge elevation events holds significant scientific and practical value for predicting future storm disasters. Previous research on storm surge deposits has predominantly focused on the eastern part of Hainan Island, while relatively limited attention has been given to the extreme storm events in the coastal bays and estuaries along the Qiongzhou Strait—the areas most severely affected by storm surges.   Methods  This study investigates a 3.2-m-thick shell ridge in Wushu Village, Dongzhai Port, located in the southern part of Puqian Bay on Hainan Island. Analyses of sedimentary structures, shell origins, AMS 14C dating of shells, geochemical indicators, and microfossile assemblages indicate that the shell ridge records a super-strong storm surge and an extreme surge elevation event that occurred 4,400 years ago. The ridge was deposited on a Late Pleistocene coastal plain landward of the Holocene high-sea-level paleo-coastline.   Results  The 14C ages of nine shells range from 4,402 to 6,647 a B.P., showing age inversions and the coexistence of older and younger shells. The shells are well-sorted and exhibit hummocky bedding, parallel bedding, wavy bedding, scour surfaces, and soft-sediment deformation structures.   Conclusions  Comparison of fossil species and shell 14C ages between the shell ridge and drill cores from the new coastal plain of Dongzhai Port indicates that the fossils in the shell ridge originated from the nearby sedimentary layers of the Puqian Bay estuary. Integrated analysis of the fossil ages, erosional scour surfaces, soft-sediment deformation structures, and Holocene sea-level changes suggests that the shell ridge in Wushu Village was formed through multiple storm-induced aggradation events occurring 4,400 years ago. Given the elevation of the highest storm deposit pinch-out point, the storm surge height reached at least 5.5 m. This surge height is close to the extraordinary storm surge height (5.9 m) recorded in Leizhou Bay during Typhoon 8007, which crossed the Qiongzhou Strait in 1980. [Significance] This study provides crucial scientific evidence for the prevention and mitigation of extreme storm surge disasters in Hainan, offering valuable insights for regional disaster risk reduction and coastal management.

     

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