Slope engineering in the deeply incised valleys of the Tibetan Plateau: key challenges and strategic considerations

WANG Jiming; QI Bangshen

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025061

Volume 32 Issue 4

Aug. 2026

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WANG J M，QI B S，2026. Slope engineering in the deeply incised valleys of the Tibetan Plateau: key challenges and strategic considerations[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，32（4）：889−898 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025061

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Slope engineering in the deeply incised valleys of the Tibetan Plateau: key challenges and strategic considerations

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025061

WANG Jiming^1
,,
QI Bangshen^{2, 3, 4
,
,}

1.
China United Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
2.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Scientific and Technical Innovation Team of Neotectonics and Crustal Stability Assessment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: This research was financially supported by the Joint Fund for Geosciences Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U2244226) and the Geological Survey Project of the China Geological Survey (Grant Nos. DD20230538 and DD202606201408).

More Information

Received: 2025-05-16
Revised: 2025-12-26
Accepted: 2026-01-30

Available Online: 2026-07-20

Published: 2026-08-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective As human engineering activities expanded into the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, slope instabilities—particularly large-scale landslides—in deeply incised valleys have occurred with increasing frequency, posing severe threats to major infrastructure projects and public safety. This study evaluates how regional tectonic activity controls slope stability and outlines key challenges, insights, and strategic recommendations for slope engineering planning and construction in these deeply incised valleys. Methods Based on an overview of the tectonic activity characteristics across the Tibetan Plateau, the controlling influence of tectonic activity on slope stability was systematically analyzed. Problems encountered in slope engineering planning were identified, leading to practical engineering recommendations and strategic directions for future research. Results Tectonic activity exhibits strong spatial consistency and temporal synchronicity with slope instability across the plateau. Tectonic processes provide the essential structural and geomorphic boundaries, material sources, dynamic conditions, and triggering factors for slope failures. Key challenges include the dominant control of regional tectonic stress on valley slope stability, the need to re-evaluate reverse slope stability in deeply incised valleys, and the required paradigm shift regarding the horizontal cover depth for mountain-adjacent underground works. Analysis suggests that slope engineering should prioritize south-, west-, and southwest-facing slopes while avoiding north-, northeast-, and east-facing slopes. Furthermore, the deep-seated stability of consequent slopes is superior to that of reverse slopes, and underground structures along mountain slopes should be situated within the unperturbed in-situ stress zone. Conclusions Future research must focus on quantitative investigations into: (1) the morphological characteristics and failure mechanisms of deeply incised valleys; (2) the evolution of in-situ stress fields under rapid tectonic uplift; and (3) the spatial distribution of in-situ stress fields across the plateau. Significance The findings provide critical theoretical guidelines and engineering references for slope design, infrastructure planning, and geohazard mitigation on the Tibetan Plateau.
- Tibetan Plateau,
- tectonic activities,
- deeply incised valley,
- slope engineering,
- engineering planning and construction

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