Volume 30 Issue 5
Oct.  2024
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Geomechanics  > 2024  >  30(5): 723-746
XIE Y L，QIN X Y，DAI Z W，et al.，2024. By-product rare earth elements deposits in China and their resource potential[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，30（5）：723−746 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024081
Citation: XIE Y L，QIN X Y，DAI Z W，et al.，2024. By-product rare earth elements deposits in China and their resource potential[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，30（5）：723−746 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024081
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By-product rare earth elements deposits in China and their resource potential

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024081

  • University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Funds:  This research is financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2021YFC2901703).
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  • Author Bio:

    谢玉玲，北京科技大学教授、博士生导师。2023年获得第十八次李四光地质科学奖教师奖。现为北京科技大学地质学科负责人、国际经济地质学会会士、俄罗斯自然科学院院士、中国矿物岩石地球化学学会理事、《矿床地质》《岩石矿物学杂志》副主编。先后主讲了多门本科生和研究生核心课程，获北京市精品课程（R1）、北京市高等教育教学成果一等奖（R2）、北京科技大学师德先锋等多项教学奖励。近年来承担了多项国家自然科学基金重点项目和国家重点研发计划项目，在碳酸岩及稀土成矿作用、斑岩型钼（钨）−热液型铅锌成矿系统等方面取得一系列创新认识，相关成果以第一或通讯作者身份发表在Geology、Reviews in Economic Geology、Society of Economic Geology special publication、Gondwana Research、Precambrian Geology、《科学通报》《地学前缘》《地球科学》《地质学报》《矿床地质》等国内外重要刊物上

  • Received: 2024-08-02
  • Revised: 2024-09-18
  • Accepted: 2024-09-19
    • Available Online: 2024-09-22
  • Published: 2024-10-28
    Abstract
  •   Objective  China is the largest producer of rare earth element (REE) and hosts the largest amount of REE resources. Various types of REE deposits have been reported in China, with alkaline-carbonatite related light REE deposits and ion-adsorption heavy REE deposits being the most important ones. Other REE deposit types include REE placers and deposits with REE by-products. Currently, the development of rare earth resources in China is primarily focused carbonatite-alkaline related light REE deposits and ion-adsorption type heavy REE deposits. REE in placer deposits and other REE by-products have not been effectively utilized.   Methods  Based on existing exploration studies and whole-rock REE geochemistry data analysis, this study provides a brief review of the types and resource potential of deposits with REE by-products in China.   Results  China's by-products REE resource types include marine sedimentary phosphate, coal, bauxite, and magmatic iron-phosphate deposits. These deposits, particularly marine sedimentary phosphate deposits and bauxite, contain enormous potential REE resources. REEs in bauxite are primarily light REE, with some containing high amount of scandium (Sc). In sedimentary phosphate deposits, the proportion of heavy REEs (including yttrium) is high, particularly in the S−P−Al−Sr rich ores that occur as the layers overlying the phosphorite in the Shifang-type phosphate deposits of Sichuan Province. These S−P−Al−Sr rich ores have significantly higher REE content than phosphorite, with medium and heavy REE accounting for over 50%, along with various critical metals, making these ores highly valuable in terms of both resource and economic significance. Furthermore, REE resources in magmatic (iron) phosphate deposits, coal, oil shale, and gold deposits deserve attention.   Conclusions  Owing to the lack of detailed exploration data, the full extent of China's by-products REE resources remains unclear. The comprehensive utilization of resources, as well as the technology for REE recovery and extraction, requires improvement.   Significance  Strengthening the evaluation and comprehensive utilization of China's associated REE resources, particularly by fully utilizing the REE resources associated with phosphate and bauxite deposits, can effectively alleviate the pressure on China's HREE supply. This represents an important measure for implementing China's fundamental national policies on resource conservation and environmental protection.

     

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