Prevention and control of land subsidence and earth fissures in Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region

ZHU Jinqi; GONG Xulong; YU Jun; ZHANG Yun; ZHANG Yan; YE Shujun; WANG Caihui; XU Shugang; WU Jianqiang; WANG Guangya; LIU Mingyao; GU Chunsheng; MIN Wang; GONG Yabing

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024051

Volume 30 Issue 5

Oct. 2024

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Article Navigation > Journal of Geomechanics > 2024 > 30(5): 811-833

ZHU J Q，GONG X L，YU J，et al.，2024. Prevention and control of land subsidence and earth fissures in Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，30（5）：811−833 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024051

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Prevention and control of land subsidence and earth fissures in Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024051

ZHU Jinqi^{1, 2
,},
GONG Xulong^{1, 2
,},
YU Jun^{1, 2},
ZHANG Yun³,
ZHANG Yan^{1, 2},
YE Shujun³,
WANG Caihui^{1, 2},
XU Shugang^{1, 2},
WU Jianqiang^{1, 2},
WANG Guangya^{1, 2},
LIU Mingyao^{1, 2},
GU Chunsheng^{1, 2},
MIN Wang^{1, 2},
GONG Yabing^{1, 2}

1.
Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, Jiangsu, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Land and resources, Nanjing 210018, Jiangsu, China
3.
School of Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42230710).

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Author Bio:
朱锦旗，江苏省地质调查研究院院长、研究员级高级工程师。2023年获得第十八次李四光地质科学奖野外奖。先后荣获“江苏省有突出贡献的中青年专家”“江苏省五一劳动奖章”“江苏省先进工作者”等荣誉称号，享受国务院政府特殊津贴。长期从事水文地质环境地质工作，围绕破解制约经济社会发展的重大资源环境问题，先后组织开展了服务城镇化进程的安全守护战、服务国家重大区域发展规划的战略攻坚战、服务生态文明建设的绿色保卫战等三大战役。主持实施的苏锡常地区地面沉降（地裂缝）防控研究，推动苏锡常地面沉降问题在全国率先得到有效遏制；牵头实施的国家重大战略区“综合地质调查”，首次发现连云港地区具备建设地下水封洞库的地质条件，支撑徐圩建设江苏首个地下大型能源储备库；负责和指导十个设区市的城市地质调查，推动江苏在全国率先实现设区市城市地质调查全覆盖，夯实了城市高质量发展的底盘；推动江苏干热岩等地热清洁能源勘查重大突破、助力江苏省国家“山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程”零的突破，为美丽江苏建设贡献地质智慧；探索以矿地融合为特色的地质工作新模式，为地勘单位转型发展提供示范。出版专著6部，发表论文17篇。荣获省部级一等奖2项、二等奖6项
Received: 2024-03-24
Revised: 2024-07-30
Accepted: 2024-08-01

Available Online: 2024-09-26

Published: 2024-10-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective The Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region is one of the most severely affected areas by land subsidence, both in China and globally. In the early 1970s, land subsidence occurred and resulted in the formation of ground fissures caused by differential subsidence, thus resulting in significant economic losses. In this century, the rate of ground subsidence has decreased, with some areas experiencing regional ground resilience. The unique developmental history of ground subsidence allows one to comprehensively interpret its evolutionary process and causal mechanisms. This study aims to unravel the life cycle and driving forces of land subsidence in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region. Methods To achieve this, a multifaceted approach was employed, including long-term and large-scale monitoring of three-dimensional seepage, stress, and strain, complemented by physical experimental models and numerical simulations. An analysis was conducted to synthesize the macro-evolutionary patterns and causal mechanisms of land subsidence and the formation of ground fissures. Results and Conclusion The findings indicate that land subsidence in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region exhibits distinct characteristics that evolve through five discernible stages: initiation, rapid development, deceleration, stagnation, and rebound. The development of land subsidence is intricately connected to groundwater extraction, with stratum deformation arising predominantly from the compaction and dewatering of aquifers and aquitards due to pumping. During the subsidence phase, primary aquifer sand and contiguous aquitards are identified as the primary contributors to subsidence. By dissecting the causal mechanisms of land subsidence and ground fissures, this study delineates the spatiotemporal evolution of the structural compression and rebound of strata under varying conditions of deep groundwater exploitation, restriction, and prohibition, along with their respective contributions to subsidence. Ground fissures, which act as a secondary geological hazard at certain stages of subsidence, exhibit a spatial distribution and occurrence time that are closely related to groundwater levels, land subsidence, bedrock undulations, and soil-layer structural disparities. The life cycle of ground fissures can be encapsulated by the mechanical processes of compression, tension, shearing, and rebound, which highlights the triggers and critical thresholds for fissure formation due to differential subsidence. An integrated “sky–air–ground” monitoring system that can perform full-section fiber-optic monitoring in geological boreholes and amalgamates diverse technical methods is established to obtain scientific and granular data support for land-subsidence control and prevention. Furthermore, an innovative finite-element coupling interface element method customized for regional and site-specific scales is developed. This method successfully simulates the mechanisms of stratum deformation as well as the genesis and propagation of ground fissures under complex three-dimensional geological conditions, thus facilitating the precise identification and management of subsidence and fissure prone areas. Significance This study highlights the government’s land subsidence control measures at various stages, which are characterized by technological innovations such as groundwater extraction restrictions and bans, thus setting a precedent for land subsidence management and groundwater resource stewardship in other provinces and cities across China.
- Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region,
- land subsidence,
- earth fissures,
- genetic mechanism,
- numerical simulation,
- prevention and control management

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