Formation and catastrophic evolution of giant landslides in the alpine canyon area of western China

ZHANG Shishu; HU Xinli; ZHANG Guangcheng; LI Yabo; LIU Xinyu; XU Qingyao; RAN Congyan; ZHAO Xiaoping

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031

Volume 30 Issue 5

Oct. 2024

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ZHANG S S，HU X L，ZHANG G C，et al.，2024. Formation and catastrophic evolution of giant landslides in the alpine canyon area of western China[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，30（5）：795−810 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031

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Formation and catastrophic evolution of giant landslides in the alpine canyon area of western China

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024031

1.
PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
2.
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U22A20601).

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Author Bio:
张世殊，正高级工程师，中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司党委副书记、总经理，国际岩石力学与岩石工程学会（ISRM）中国国家小组副主席，四川省岩石力学与工程学会理事长。2023年荣获第十八次李四光地质科学奖野外奖。从事水电工程勘察设计和技术管理工作30余年，为我国水电开发建设事业做出重要贡献：牵头国家某重大工程勘察设计，策划并实施该巨型工程重大科学问题与关键技术的科技攻关，系统构建超2000 m级深部工程定向钻探与随钻探测技术、超深厚河床覆盖层原位取样测试技术；研发高能环境深埋越岭隧TBM高效安全施工与超前地质预报技术，显著促进工程勘测技术水平的重大提升；提出工程岩体力学参数综合取值方法，开创性地利用Ⅲ2类岩体作为300 m级特高拱坝坝基，突破高坝基岩体利用下限，为特高拱坝建基面的科学选定做出贡献；解决滑坡失稳堰塞、高陡危岩体、泥石流、隐蔽型变形体等地质灾害防控难题，为水电工程安全建设与运行提供支撑。获国家发明专利授权50余项；出版技术专著13部，编纂专业辞典2部；发表论文100余篇；起草行业、团体技术标准16项。先后获国务院政府特殊津贴专家、电建集团首席技术专家、四川省工程勘察设计大师，入选成都市重大人才计划“蓉城英才计划”。获国家科技进步二等奖1项、省部级科技进步特等奖等25项科技奖
Received: 2024-04-02
Revised: 2024-06-14
Accepted: 2024-06-20

Available Online: 2024-09-26

Published: 2024-10-28

Abstract

Abstract

Objective Most hydroelectric projects in western China are located in alpine canyons. The intricate geological engineering conditions in this area have contributed to the widespread distribution of landslide disasters across the reservoir banks of hydroelectric projects. Methods Based on the engineering geological characteristics of western alpine canyons, correlations between topography, geological structure, landslide material, slope structure, hydrogeological conditions, and the formation and progression of landslides were analyzed. We also delineated the types and features of landslide development in the western region, as well as the mechanisms governing the evolution of typical landslide disasters. Results Results indicate that the landslides were characterized by slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, elevations exceeding 1000 m, and volumes surpassing one million cubic meters. Triassic, Ordovician, and Silurian strata were identified as the principal slippery strata in this area. Rainfall and reservoir impoundment significantly influenced landslide stability, leading to erosion, datum uplift, and range expansion. Water level fluctuations resulted in diminished rock and soil properties along the leading edge of advancing landslides. Conclusion The most frequent landslides in the western alpine region included accumulated landslides dominated by traction, thrust, and composite mechanisms and rock landslides dominated by bedding, buckling, anti-dip, and seating mechanisms. Significance This study elucidates landslide disaster mechanisms under varying evolutionary and mechanical failure processes, providing significant guidance for the identification, monitoring, early warning, and prevention of landslide disasters in the western region.
- the alpine canyon area of western China,
- reservoir landslide,
- formation law,
- landslide types,
- evolution mechanism,
- failure mechanism

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