Quartz deformation characteristics, deformation temperature, and their constraints on pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit in the West Kunlun area, Xinjiang

HUO Hailong; CHEN Zhengle; ZHANG Qing; WANG Yong; MA Huadong; WANG Wei; ZHANG Wengao; LI Yong; HAN Fengbin; DU Xiaofei; MIN Zhuang; MENG Xiangpeng

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078

Volume 30 Issue 1

Feb. 2024

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Article Navigation > Journal of Geomechanics > 2024 > 30(1): 72-87

ZHENG Ya-dong, 2005. QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DEFORMATIONAL ZONES. Journal of Geomechanics, 11 (3): 197-203.

Citation:

HUO H L，CHEN Z L，ZHANG Q，et al.，2024. Quartz deformation characteristics, deformation temperature, and their constraints on pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit in the West Kunlun area, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，30（1）：72−87 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078

ZHENG Ya-dong, 2005. QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DEFORMATIONAL ZONES. Journal of Geomechanics, 11 (3): 197-203.

Citation:

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Quartz deformation characteristics, deformation temperature, and their constraints on pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit in the West Kunlun area, Xinjiang

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078

HUO Hailong^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Zhengle^{1, 2, 3, 4
,
,},
ZHANG Qing^{1, 2},
WANG Yong^{1, 2},
MA Huadong^{4, 5},
WANG Wei^{3, 4},
ZHANG Wengao^{1, 2, 3},
LI Yong⁶,
HAN Fengbin^{1, 2},
DU Xiaofei^{4, 5},
MIN Zhuang¹,
MENG Xiangpeng¹

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction of Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
3.
SinoProbe Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
4.
Research Center Resource and Environment of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
5.
National 305 Project Office of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
6.
Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration, Nonferrous Geological Exploration Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830099, Xinjiang, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 42172258 and 42072227), the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grants No. 2021YFC2901904 and 2021YFC2901805), the Science and Technology Major Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. 2023A03002), the Joint Innovation Fund of China National Uranium Co., Ltd and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment (Grant No. NRE2021-01), and the Projects of China Geological Survey (Grants No. DD20221660-3 and DZLXJK202206).

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Abstract

Abstract

Objective The 509 Daobanxi deposit in the West Kunlun orogenic belt is a newly discovered large pegmatite-type lithium-polymetallic deposit in northwestern China. As a typical granite pegmatite lithium deposit in the region, the metallogenic characteristics and pegmatite evolution of the 509 Daobanxi deposits are of great significance for understanding the entire lithium-polymetallic mineralization process of the West Kunlun metallogenic belt. The granite pegmatites contain assemblages of plagioclase, spodumene, quartz, muscovite, etc., exhibiting strong mylonization and forming typical ductile deformation characteristics in the 509 Daobanxi deposit. Quartz, an essential mineral in granite pegmatite, is ideal for tracking pegmatite's mineralization process and studying the deformation behavior of continental rocks in long-term geological history. Methods To study the late-stage emplacement process of pegmatite evolution, comprehensive analyses were conducted on the quartz deformation structures measurements, fluid inclusion temperature, and quartz trace elements for the 509 Daobanxi granite pegmatites. Cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis of quartz in deformed granite pegmatite samples was performed to reveal the compositional zoning of Ti in quartz. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to analyze 64 points from samples Zk2707-9 and Zk1107-2. Results The minerals of spodumene and plagioclase in deformed pegmatites primarily show brittle fracturing characteristics, with the features of rigid body deformation and the muscovite presence of mica-fish. Meanwhile, the conspicuous feature is that quartz grains mainly develop dynamic recrystallization and contain subgranis. According to the microstructural characteristics of spodumene, plagioclase, and quartz, the deformation temperature of mylonitized granite pegmatite is 300~400℃. The CL images of quartz bands in the granite pegmatite samples have no apparent zoning, indicating that the Ti content reaches a relative equilibrium state in the quartz deformation stage. The LA-ICP-MS analysis shows quartz from the 509 Daobanxi granite pegmatites contains a lower concentration of Ti (1.03 ×10⁻⁶ to 7.67×10⁻⁶ and 1.04 ×10⁻⁶ to 6.75×10⁻⁶), suggesting relatively lower deformation temperatures. The Ti-in-quartz thermobarometry indicates quartz deformation temperatures ranging from 371 to 398°C and 351 to 377°C, respectively. The thermometric measurement shows that homogenization temperatures of the quartz fluid inclusions in pegmatite varied from 260℃ to 283℃, likely recording the temperature of the late stage of pegmatite evolution. Conclusion Comprehensive analysis shows that the 509 Daobanxi granite pegmatites underwent a period of intense ductile deformation during the emplacement process, with low temperature and high strain rate. The emplacement of pegmatite is a product of the rapid cooling process, and the grain size reduction caused by dynamic recrystallization (GBM) under high-stress and low-temperature conditions profoundly changed the rheological properties of pegmatite. The supercooling process from ~400℃ to ~260℃ (ΔT=140℃±), resulting in less rapid mineral crystalline new nuclei in pegmatites, is more conducive to the formation of coarse quartz and other mineral particles, forming the significant characteristics of granite pegmatites. [ Significance ]In fact, the emplacement process of granitic pegmatites remains a puzzle, and high-quality, accurate systematic work is needed to understand the evolution process and behavior of granite pegmatite. By studying the 509 Daobanxi granite pegmatites, we proposed that the pegmatite emplacement was a product of the rapid cooling process, and supercooling plays an essential role in pegmatite emplacement. Similar deformation characteristics are widely developed in the Tugeman lithium deposit in the Altyn Tagh area and the Jiajika lithium deposit in the western Sichuan. Although the current work is preliminary, our study provides some clues for exploring the emplacement process of granitic pegmatites.
- mylonization,
- lithium ore,
- granite pegmatites,
- 509 Daobanxi area,
- West Kunlun,
- Xinjiang

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