北京市不同功能区土壤黑碳的含量特征及其来源分析

杨帅斌; 刘恋

北京市不同功能区土壤黑碳的含量特征及其来源分析

杨帅斌^{1, 2,},
刘恋^1, ,

1.
中国地质科学院, 北京 100037
2.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081

基金项目:

中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目 YWF201609

详细信息

作者简介:
杨帅斌(1992-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为第四纪地质与环境。E-mail:936075314@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘恋(1983-), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为第四纪地质与环境。E-mail:liulian198394@163.com

中图分类号: X53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2017-12-01

CONCENTRATION AND SOURCES OF BLACK CARBON IN DIFFERENT FUNCTION ZONES OF BEIJING, CHINA

YANG Shuaibin^{1, 2
,},
LIU Lian^{1
, ,}

1.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 随着城市迅猛发展，城市土壤性质发生显著变化，不同功能区之间呈现明显差异性。为了深入讨论人为影响方式和程度、污染来源的差别对土壤碳库（特别是黑碳）的影响，本研究以北京市为对象，对比研究了城区和郊区不同功能区（公园、居民区、道路绿化带）土壤有机碳（SOC）含量、黑碳（BC）含量以及含量比值（BC/SOC）的特点，并通过BC/SOC指标对土壤受到的人类活动影响方式和程度进行详细讨论。结果显示，北京市城区不同功能区的土壤SOC富集程度不同，且公园和居民区土壤在人为管理下SOC含量趋于平均；而郊区不同功能区的SOC含量值接近，表明其受人为影响较小，更接近于自然土壤。城区不同功能区的土壤BC含量存在较大差异，由大到小是公园（0.60%~2.28%，平均值为1.56%）、道路绿化带（0.12%~2.20%，平均值为0.62%）、居民区（0.11%~1.15%，平均值为0.35%），其中公园内区域性的翻种、施肥使得BC大量聚集，道路绿化带受到来自交通环境的强烈影响；而郊区不同功能区的BC含量值低且接近，代表了区域土壤BC含量背景值。土壤BC/SOC总体介于0.11和0.5之间，且郊区BC/SOC小于城区，指示了化石燃料和生物质的燃烧均是城区和郊区土壤BC物质的来源，但所占比重不同，且城区是郊区土壤黑碳的重要来源。另外，城区个别地区BC/SOC显著偏高，反映了BC/SOC不但指示土壤污染程度，同时与城市化时间、特定的人类活动密切相关。
- 环境地质 /
- 城市土壤 /
- 黑碳 /
- 北京市
Abstract: With the rapid development of city, soil properties in city have changed significantly with significant differences among different function zones. In order to discuss the impact on the soil carbon pool (especially black carbon), from human activities of different ways and at different degrees as well as pollution from different sources, the concentration of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (SOC), and concentration ratio (BC/SOC) of surface soil in different function zones (parks, residential areas and road green belt) in urban and suburban areas in Beijing are compared in the study, and the influence of human activities of different ways and at different degrees on soil are discussed based on the BC/SOC index. The results show that the enrichment degrees of soil SOC in different function zones in urban areas are different, and the concentration of SOC in soil in parks and residential areas under human management tend to be average; in suburban areas, the concentration of SOC in different function zones are close and much the same as the natural soil, indicating the soil is less influenced by human activities. There are significant differences in the concentration of BC values in soil in different function zones of urban areas, and the descending order is parks (0.60%~2.28%, mean 1.56%), road green belts (0.12%~2.20%, mean 0.62%), residential areas (0.11%~1.15%, mean 0.35%).The regional digging, planting and fertilization made a large number of BC gather in parks and road green belts are strongly impacted by traffic discharge; in suburban areas, the concentration of BC of different function zones are low and close to each other, representing the background concentration of BC in regional soil. The BC/SOC values in soil mainly fall in between 0.11% and 0.5%, and BC/SOC values in suburban area are smaller than that of urban areas, indicating that the burning of fossil fuels and biomass are both sources of BC in soil in the urban and suburban areas but with different proportions, and the urban area is an important source of BC in the suburban area. In addition, BC/SOC values in some places of urban areas are significantly higher, reflecting that BC/SOC value not only indicates the degree of soil pollution but also is closely related to urbanization progress and specific human activities.
- Environmental geology /
- urban soil /
- black carbon /
- Beijing

HTML全文

图 1 北京市不同功能区土壤样品分布图

a-郊区土壤样品分布；b-城区土壤样品分布

Figure 1. Distribution of soil samples in different function zones of Beijing

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图 2 北京市城区和郊区不同功能区的土壤SOC含量、BC含量、BC/SOC比值

Figure 2. The content of SOC and BC and BC/SOC values of soil samples in different function zones of urban area and suburban area in Beijing

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表 1 北京市不同功能区土壤样品采样点概况

Table 1. General information of soil sampling sites in different function zones of Beijing

功能区	采样区域	采样地点	样品数量
道路绿化带	城区	南四环至城中心	9
		朝阳区	5
		房山区	2
	郊区	通州区	1
		昌平区	1
		顺义区	1
公园	城区	西城区陶然亭公园	5
	郊区	顺义区潮白河公园	3
	郊区	海淀区百望山公园	1
居民区	城区	西城区甘家口小区(老居民区)	2
		丰台区角门西晨新园小区	5
		丰台区潘家园小区	1
	郊区	海淀区茉莉园小区	2
		大兴区马驹桥228院	2
		房山区东亚小区	1
总计			41

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表 2 北京市不同功能区土壤SOC含量、BC含量、BC/SOC比值

Table 2. The content of SOC and BC and BC/SOC values of soil samples in different function zones of Beijing

功能区和采样区域	样品编号	北纬	东经	采样点描述	SOC 含量/%	BC 含量/%	BC/ SOC
道路绿化带-城区	道绿-城区-1	39°50′53.25″	116°22′17.23″	丰台区马家堡西路路旁	2.77	0.81	0.29
	道绿-城区-2	39°51′04.40″	116°22′17.37″	丰台区马家堡西路和角门北路交汇处路旁	1.59	0.43	0.27
	道绿-城区-3	39°51′19.21″	116°22′18.24″	丰台区南三环万芳桥下马家堡西路路旁	0.84	0.12	0.15
	道绿-城区-4	39°52′08.00″	116°22′28.65″	丰台区开阳桥北京南站附近路旁	0.81	0.25	0.31
	道绿-城区-5	39°52′23.24″	116°22′28.85″	西城区陶然亭公园外路旁	0.86	0.24	0.28
	道绿-城区-6	39°53′28.74″	116°22′29.09″	西城区菜市口北公交站旁	1.26	0.45	0.36
	道绿-城区-7	39°54′42.50″	116°22′25.66″	西城区西单北大街路旁	3.51	0.71	0.20
	道绿-城区-8	39°55′25.41″	116°22′24.15″	西城区西四北大街路旁	1.42	0.38	0.27
	道绿-城区-9	39°55′50.75″	116°22′23.13″	西城区平安里路口南公交站旁	2.24	2.20	0.98
道路绿化带-郊区	道绿-郊区-1	39°59′43.81″	116°29′42.72″	朝阳区京密路旁，景观树、杂草	0.58	0.15	0.26
	道绿-郊区-2	40°01′20.94″	116°31′18.20″	朝阳区京密路北皋桥旁，景观树	0.82	0.28	0.34
	道绿-郊区-3	40°01′20.94″	116°31′18.20″	朝阳区京密路北皋桥旁，景观树	1.02	0.33	0.32
	道绿-郊区-4	40°02′56.23″	116°32′14.94″	朝阳区孙河乡道路绿化带内，景观树、杂草	0.50	0.16	0.32
	道绿-郊区-5	40°02′56.23″	116°32′14.94″	朝阳区孙河乡道路绿化带内，景观树、杂草	0.44	0.13	0.30
	道绿-郊区-6	39°38′40.92″	115°30′08.29″	房山区北京河北交界，山脚下马路旁绿化带内，小叶李、杂草	0.20	0.06	0.28
	道绿-郊区-7	39°38′40.92″	115°30′08.29″	房山区北京河北交界，山脚下马路旁绿化带内，小叶李、杂草	0.25	0.06	0.22
	道绿-郊区-8	39°44′59.91″	116°32′55.56″	通州区马驹桥镇专96车站旁	0.33	0.05	0.14
	道绿-郊区-9	40°14′38.30″	116°07′56.07″	昌平区南口镇粮食供销站路旁	0.25	0.05	0.21
	道绿-郊区-10	40°07′34.01″	116°40′24.85″	顺义城区路旁，可见几小块焚烧迹象	0.71	0.20	0.28
公园-城区	公园-城区-1	39°52′28.43″	116°22′40.85″	西城区陶然亭公园西门月季园	2.16	1.71	0.79
	公园-城区-2	39°52′27.57″	116°22′54.58″	西城区陶然亭公园中央岛小山顶上，多人工种植松树、长草	2.91	2.28	0.78
	公园-城区-3	39°52′25.14″	116°22′57.77″	西城区陶然亭公园中央岛大山顶上，多人工种植槐树、长草	3.30	2.43	0.74
	公园-城区-4	39°52′20.61″	116°23′06.39″	西城区陶然亭公园东南角山顶上，靠近马路，多人工种植桃树、松柏、杂草	2.48	0.60	0.24
	公园-城区-5	39°52′28.54″	116°23′10.10″	西城区陶然亭公园东边，银杏树下花坛内	2.48	0.79	0.32
公园-郊区	公园-郊区-1	40°07′54.36″	116°40′12.46″	顺义区减河公园内草坪、周围人类活动频繁	1.00	0.22	0.22
	公园-郊区-2	40°07′33.12″	116°40′59.65″	顺义区潮白河公园次生林，多大树、林下植物稀少	0.72	0.11	0.15
	公园-郊区-3	40°07′33.12″	116°40′59.65″	顺义区潮白河公园次生林，林下杂草较多	0.27	0.05	0.18
	公园-郊区-4	40°2′38.31″	116°14′54.68″	海淀区百望山公园	1.71	0.15	0.09
居民区-城区	居民区-城区-1	39°50′47.88″	116°22′18.60″	丰台区晨新园小区花坛，以杂草为主	1.25	0.22	0.17
	居民区-城区-2	39°50′46.82″	116°22′20.69″	丰台区晨新园小区花坛，以杂草、李子树为主	0.74	0.12	0.16
	居民区-城区-3	39°50′47.42″	116°22′30.36″	丰台区晨新园小区花坛，以杂草、李子树、桃树为主	0.86	0.18	0.21
	居民区-城区-4	39°50′48.86″	116°22′31.79″	丰台区晨新园小区花坛，大松树下	1.04	0.23	0.23
	居民区-城区-5	39°50′47.91″	116°22′21.29″	丰台区晨新园小区花坛，以杂草、月季为主	0.51	0.11	0.22
	居民区-城区-6	39°55′29.00″	116°19′35.87″	西城区甘家口8号楼健身器材旁	1.74	1.15	0.66
	居民区-城区-7	39°55′29.00″	116°19′35.87″	西城区甘家口8号楼花坛内	0.62	0.28	0.45
	居民区-城区-8	39°52′42.51″	116°26′40.33″	丰台区潘家园小区内	1.31	0.47	0.36
居民区-郊区	居民区-郊区-1	39°42′51.28″	116° 3′11.73″	房山区东亚小区内	0.16	0.06	0.40
	居民区-郊区-2	40°2′53.42″	116°14′36.61″	海淀区茉莉园小区花坛内	0.62	0.09	0.15
	居民区-郊区-3	40°2′53.42″	116°14′36.61″	海淀区茉莉园小区菜园内	1.17	0.22	0.19
	居民区-郊区-4	39°44′52.54″	116°33′6.86″	通州区马驹桥宏仁家园花坛内	1.37	0.21	0.15
	居民区-郊区-5	39°44′51.81″	116°33′7.92″	通州区宏仁家园院内	0.54	0.10	0.19

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表 3 北京市与其他城市表土SOC含量、BC含量、BC/SOC情况对比

Table 3. Comparison of the content of SOC and BC and BC/SOC values between Beijing and other cities

功能区和采样区域	SOC含量/%		BC含量/%		BC/SOC		数据来源
功能区和采样区域	变幅范围	平均值	变幅范围	平均值	变幅范围	平均值	数据来源
北京市道路绿化带-城区	0.81~3.51	1.70	0.12~2.20	0.62	0.15~0.98	0.35	本研究
北京市道路绿化带-郊区	0.20~1.02	0.51	0.06~0.33	0.15	0.14~0.34	0.27
北京市公园-城区	2.16~3.30	2.67	0.60~2.28	1.56	0.24~0.79	0.57
北京市公园-郊区	0.27~1.71	0.93	0.05~0.22	0.13	0.09~0.22	0.16
北京市居民区-城区	0.51~1.74	1.01	0.11~1.15	0.35	0.16~0.66	0.31
北京市居民区-郊区	0.16~1.37	0.77	0.06~0.22	0.14	0.15~0.40	0.21
北京市城区	0.37~3.22	1.52	0.098~1.270	0.583	0.09~0.88	0.37	[29]
北京市郊区平原	0.13~1.24	0.933	0.037~0.418	0.331	0.05~0.91	0.31
北京市郊区山区	0.42~6.34	2.85	0.092~0.830	0.352	0.04~0.28	0.12
南京市城区道路绿化带	2.184~3.721	2.909	0.640~2.305	0.619	-	0.45	[15]
南京市城区公园	0.244~2.149	1.005	0.050~0.377	0.193	-	0.26
南京市城区学校	1.093~2.626	1.7	0.146~1.043	0.412	-	0.22
南京市城区居民区	0.273~1.793	0.119	0.037~0.319	0.185	-	0.16
南京市郊区菜地	1.172~1.786	1.414	0.096~0.248	0.16	-	0.12
南京市城区道路绿化带	-	-	1.330~1.973	1.568	0.51~0.57	0.55	[3]
南京市城区公园	-	-	0.185~0.487	0.294	0.35~0.45	0.41
南京市城区学校	-	-	0.131~0.563	0.398	0.36~0.40	0.39
南京市城区居民区	-	-	0.159~0.354	0.231	0.35~0.42	0.38
南京市城区绿地广场	-	-	0.250~0.444	0.333	0.31~0.38	0.34
南京市城区天然林	-	-	0.385~0.918	0.528	0.31~0.38	0.33
南京市城郊天然林	-	-	0.346~0.535	0.436	0.20~0.22	0.21
德国斯图加特市	-	-	0.39~7.19	-	0.18~0.73	-	[22]
英国格拉斯哥市、考文垂市、斯托克-特伦特市	-	-	0.46~1.77	-	0.124~0.328	-	[23]
印度德里市	-	-	0.058~0.205	0.125	0.06~0.22	0.13	[33]

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