吐哈盆地硫磺山铜多金属矿床表生黄钾铁矾<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar定年及对风化、地貌演化及古气候的启示

杨静; 郑德文; 陈文; 武颖; 许英霞; 杨莉

吐哈盆地硫磺山铜多金属矿床表生黄钾铁矾⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar定年及对风化、地貌演化及古气候的启示

杨静^1,,
郑德文²,
陈文³,
武颖²,
许英霞⁴,
杨莉³

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081
2.
地震动力学国家重点实验室(中国地震局地质研究所), 北京 100029
3.
中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
4.
华北理工大学矿业工程学院, 唐山 063009

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41403047

国家自然科学基金项目 41272215

中国地质调查局地质调查项目"特殊地质地貌区填图试点 DD20160060

详细信息

作者简介:
杨静(1984-), 女, 助理研究员, 主要从事热年代学研究。Email:yangjing_822822@163.com

中图分类号: P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-11-01
- 刊出日期: 2017-04-01

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF SUPERGENE JAROSITE FROM LIUHUANGSHAN COPPER POLYMETALLIC DEPOSITS IN Tu-Ha BASIN AND THE ENLIGHMENT TO WEATHERING, LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION AND PALEOCLIMATE

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing, 100081, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics(Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration), Beijing, 100029, China
3.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing, 100037, China
4.
School of mining engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063009, Hebei

摘要

摘要: 黄钾铁矾是干旱—半干旱地区硫化物矿床氧化带中一种常见表生含钾硫酸盐矿物，对其进行⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年代学研究，不仅可以直接限定硫化物矿床次生富集的时间，还可以为区域地貌形成演化和古气候演变等重大地质事件提供关键的年代学信息。本文对中国新疆吐哈盆地硫磺山铜多金属矿床氧化带中三个表生黄钾铁矾样品进行了⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar定年，第一次获得了始新世的风化矿物的年龄。结合已发表的年龄数据显示：在吐哈盆地，海拔较高的矿床氧化带剖面（如硫磺山矿床）记录了基岩的持续和较完整的区域风化事件，这些老的风化年龄的存在证明了剥蚀并不是均匀的，即其地貌演化遵循的是斜坡后退模型。对于吐哈盆地的古气候，这些表生硫酸盐的年龄表明：始新世以来吐哈盆地曾多次出现过有利于化学风化和硫化物矿床次生富集的干旱—半干旱气候，且主要集中在以下几个时期：27.7~23.3 Ma、16.4~14.7 Ma、11~7.8 Ma，之后气候开始向极端干旱气候转变，4.1~3.3 Ma之后吐哈盆地可能已经流行大规模的极端干旱气候。
- 黄钾铁矾 /
- ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年代学 /
- 硫磺山铜多金属矿床 /
- 风化 /
- 地貌演化 /
- 古气候
Abstract: Supergene jarosite is widely distributed in oxidation zone of sulphide deposits in arid-semiarid area. Precise ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age constraints of supergene jarosite can not only define the timing of sulfide secondary enrichment, but also provide key information on the geochronology to the regional geomorphic evolution and paleoclimatic evolution. In this article, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser incremental heating analysis of jarosite from the Liuhuangshan copper polymetallic deposit in Tu-Ha Basin is conducted, and the age of Eocene weathering mineral is defined for the first time. Combined with the published chronology data, it indicates that the profile of oxidation zone of ore deposit from the higher elevation sites recorded the more complete and lasting regional weathering events. The presence of ancient weathering ages in current outcrops in Tu-Ha Basin suggests that denudation was not homogeneous, and the landscape evolution followed a scarp retreat model. The ages in this present study and published ages demonstrate that chemical weathering and supergene enrichment under an arid-semiarid climate are mainly concentrated in the following period:27.7~23.3、16.4~14.7、11~7.8 Ma. After the 11~7.8 Ma, a progressive change from arid-semiarid climate towards hyperarid climatic, and predominantly hyperarid climate may had persisted at least since 4.1~3.3 Ma.
- jarosite /
- ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology /
- Liuhuangshan copper polymetallic deposit /
- weathering /
- landscape evolution /
- paleoclimate

HTML全文

图 1 硫磺山铜—多金属矿床地质简图^[26~27]

1—第四纪冲积物、洪积物；2—中上奥陶统硫磺山群灰岩、角砾状灰岩和结晶灰岩；3—硫磺山群结晶生物碎屑灰岩和泥质页岩；4—硫磺山群硅质岩夹灰岩透镜体；5—硫磺山群细砂岩夹安山岩和灰岩透镜体；6—碧玉岩；7—安山岩；8—灰白色石英斑岩；9—海西期草绿色石英斑岩；10—云斜煌斑岩；11—矿体；12—断层

Figure 1. Geological sketch of Liuhuangshan copper-polymetallic deposit

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图 2 硫磺山多金属矿床氧化带中黄钾铁矾的采集剖面

Figure 2. The profile of jarosite sampling of Liuhuangshan copper-polymetallic deposit

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图 3 三个黄钾铁矾样品的扫描电子显微镜的背散射电子图像及其对应的能谱分析

a、b-黄钾铁矾的六方双锥晶形(LHS-06、LHS-10);c-黄钾铁矾的假立方体晶形 (LHS-09)

Figure 3. SEM images (back-scattered electron) and corresponding energy dispersive spectrum analysis of three jarosite samples

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图 4 硫磺山矿床三个黄钾铁矾样品的年龄坪与其对应的反等时线图

黑色圆圈表示用于计算反等时线年龄的阶段，蓝色的圆圈表示没有用于计算反等时线年龄的阶段

Figure 4. Age spectra and comesponding isochrons of three jarosite samples from the Liuhuangshan deposit

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图 5 吐哈盆地表生硫酸盐矿物年龄—高程相关性图解

Figure 5. Diagram of age-elevation relevance of supergene sulfate mineral from Tuha Basin

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图 6 差异风化与侵蚀—斜坡后退模型示意图^[30]

Figure 6. Diagram of differential weathering and erosion-scarp retreat model

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表 1 硫磺山铜多金属矿床氧化带中三个表生黄钾铁矾激光加热⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素分析结果

Table 1. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser incremental heating analysis results of the three jarosite samples from the Liuhuangshan deposit

加热阶段	激光功率/%		³⁶Ar(a)/计数	³⁷Ar(ca)/计数	³⁸Ar(cl)/计数	³⁹Ar(k)/计数	⁴⁰Ar(r)/计数	年龄/Ma	误差(1σ)/Ma	⁴⁰Ar(r)/%	³⁹Ar(k)/%
LHS-06 J=0.00220320±0.00000110
001	2.4		454038.5	0.0	2773.6	64247.1	13368103	682.38	±7.08	9.06	2.65
002	3.0		233013.2	0.0	1335.2	101071.3	5619147	208.95	±3.61	7.55	4.17
003	4.0		285811.6	0.0	1556.6	212203.0	7286304	131.87	±1.62	7.94	8.75
004	4.5		155599.7	0.0	952.1	195338.1	3764719	75.20	±1.59	7.57	8.06
005	5.0		152475.7	0.0	600.7	146294.8	3201065	85.14	±1.49	6.63	6.04
006	5.5		128673.3	0.0	518.2	164419.9	3033754	72.06	±0.97	7.39	6.78
007	6.0		115599.2	0.0	174.2	150989.6	2563535	66.41	±2.10	6.98	6.23
008	7.0	*	95055.3	0.0	74.5	141718.1	1989293	55.08	±1.05	6.61	5.85
009	7.0	*	96472.0	0.0	43.2	142632.5	1995717	54.90	±1.13	6.54	5.88
010	7.5	*	85700.4	0.0	235.8	157629.8	2223797	55.35	±0.88	8.07	6.50
011	8.0	*	87532.7	0.0	0.0	132210.7	1894615	56.21	±0.41	6.82	5.45
012	8.5	*	64408.4	0.0	0.0	109467.6	1563441	56.02	±0.85	7.59	4.52
013	9.0	*	74693.9	0.0	45.8	129864.5	1846148	55.77	±0.43	7.72	5.36
014	9.5	*	74136.3	0.0	0.0	117584.8	1623559	54.19	±0.81	6.90	4.85
015	10.0	*	73072.1	0.0	0.0	119674.2	1699412	55.71	±0.72	7.30	4.94
016	11.0	*	62290.3	0.0	85.8	150716.4	2124124	55.30	±0.94	10.35	6.22
017	12.0	*	81394.0	0.0	244.0	187740.6	2667237	55.73	±0.92	9.98	7.75
LHS-10 J=0.00210794±0.00000105
001	2.0		161095.0	0.0	73.1	13429.8	2167823	529.59	±18.15	4.36	0.50
002	2.5		550143.6	0.0	3864.9	183920.5	14972852	286.39	±2.28	8.43	6.89
003	3.0		234508.2	0.0	831.2	149724.1	4128850	102.17	±2.47	5.62	5.61
004	3.5		256799.3	0.0	1682.8	275988.8	5536562	74.90	±1.35	6.80	10.34
005	4.0	*	195954.5	10988.0	1546.5	308577.1	3928528	47.89	±0.44	6.35	11.56
006	4.5	*	225492.9	0.0	1415.3	318946.4	4079954	48.11	±0.36	5.77	11.95
007	5.0	*	162256.9	0.0	714.9	218448.5	2815326	48.47	±0.93	5.55	8.19
008	5.5	*	126834.7	809.1	903.0	196424.3	2537082	48.58	±0.75	6.34	7.36
009	6.0	*	128162.5	0.0	891.1	198922.7	2677404	50.59	±1.49	6.60	7.46
010	6.5	*	134377.2	0.0	1204.3	195851.6	2490028	47.82	±0.51	5.90	7.34
011	7.0	*	109442.8	0.0	885.3	163467.0	2118509	48.74	±0.61	6.15	6.13
012	8.0	*	146880.5	0.0	1208.9	215033.4	2726256	47.69	±0.88	5.91	8.06
013	9.0	*	153847.8	0.0	1398.3	229536.7	2965634	48.59	±1.16	6.12	8.60
LHS-09 J=0.00212410±0.00000106
001	2.4		142867.1	0.0	0.0	201530.6	2214895	41.73	±1.00	4.98	5.96
002	3.0		38686.2	0.0	0.0	196007.1	1378179	26.81	±0.53	10.76	5.79
003	4.0		24548.1	0.0	0.0	326348.3	2568306	29.98	±0.23	26.15	9.65
004	4.5		22817.1	0.0	0.0	281584.3	2674856	36.12	±0.23	28.40	8.32
005	5.0	*	20227.4	0.0	0.0	241377.7	2569248	40.43	±0.31	30.06	7.14
006	6.0	*	21655.9	0.0	0.0	335786.0	3550995	40.17	±0.19	35.69	9.93
007	7.0	*	27901.9	0.0	56.5	364837.3	3907132	40.67	±0.40	32.15	10.79
008	8.0	*	15111.1	0.0	0.0	227155.5	2399218	40.12	±0.21	34.95	6.72
009	9.0	*	14495.4	0.0	0.0	206766.8	2180267	40.06	±0.31	33.73	6.11
010	10.0	*	11146.6	0.0	0.0	203458.7	2137178	39.90	±0.20	39.35	6.01
011	11.0	*	12904.9	0.0	0.0	196015.9	2074971	40.21	±0.42	35.24	5.79
012	12.0	*	10271.7	0.0	0.0	175183.3	1936765	41.97	±2.31	38.95	5.18
013	13.0	*	12078.5	0.0	0.0	185073.3	1974840	40.53	±0.20	35.62	5.47
014	15.0	*	12292.1	0.0	0.0	241450.1	2573258	40.48	±0.18	41.46	7.14

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表 2 三个表生黄钾铁矾⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄结果

Table 2. Results of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of three jarosite samples from Liuhuangshan deposit

样品	样品颗粒	坪年龄Age/Ma	反等时线年龄/Ma	⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar	说明
LHS-06	LHS-06-1	55.6±0.2	55.0±1.7	295.8±0.8	微小³⁹Ar反冲, 坪年龄
LHS-10	LHS-10-1	48.2±0.2	48.6±4.3	295.3±1.8	微小³⁹Ar反冲, 坪年龄
LHS-09	LHS-09-1	40.3±0.1	40.1±0.6	296.5±2.5	坪年龄

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