铲式断层空间特征研究进展综述

陈亚军; 付广; 包迎春; 胡明; 陈雪晴; 李世朝

铲式断层空间特征研究进展综述

1.
东北石油大学地球科学学院, 黑龙江大庆 163318)
2.
大庆油田有限责任公司, 第一采油厂, 黑龙江大庆 163001

基金项目:

国家重大专项 2016ZX05007-003

东北石油大学青年基金 2013NQ126

详细信息

作者简介:
陈亚军(1990-), 男, 硕士研究生, 地质工程专业。Email:cjun0707@163.com

通讯作者:
付广(1962-), 男, 博士, 教授。E-mail:fuguang2008@126.com

中图分类号: P551
计量
- 文章访问数: 310
- HTML全文浏览量: 167
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2017-06-01

A REVIEW ON THE RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LISTRIC FAULT

1.
School of GeoSciences in Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163318, China
2.
Daqing Oil Field company with limited liability, first oil production plant, Heilongjiang, Daqing, 163001, China

摘要

摘要: 受地震资料解释多解性和局限性的影响，沉积盆地中深部地震资料解释品质差，靠地震解释来反映地下断层信息并不能揭露断层空间本质发育特征。鉴于此问题，笔者以脆塑性断裂发育特征、断层折射机理为基础，从断层空间位移量关系、倾斜角剪切法模型、断层面空间联合应力分布等方面对铲式断层空间特征进行研究。综合研究表明：铲式断层面上盘和下盘构成的空间并非楔形模式，而是局部构造紧闭区和局部伸展剥离区交替形态；由断层空间各位移量关系图解可知，铲式断层走向位移量和倾伏向位移量之间的夹角θ越小，走向应力作用越大，引起地层牵引程度就越高，形成的有利储油构造储集厚度就越大；利用倾斜剪切法模型可预测铲式断层实际滑脱深度，加强对中深层构造特征的认识；当铲式断层面折射裂缝被矿脉等充填时具有封堵性，当铲式断层面空间联合应力大于或等于其作用处岩石的抗压强度时，造成断层面处裂隙闭合或断面物质压紧，有利于封堵油气。
- 铲式断层 /
- 断层折射 /
- 倾斜角剪切法 /
- 空间位移量 /
- 联合应力
Abstract: Affected by the multiple solutions and limitations of the seismic data interpretation, seismic data interpretation in sedimentary basin is of poor quality and the fault information from seismic data interpretation can't expose the characteristics of the fault space development. With that in mind, based on the brittle plasticity fault development characteristics and fault refraction mechanism, the listric fault spatial characteristics were studied from the aspects of fault spatial displacement relation, inclination angle shearing method model and fault plane spatial combined stress distribution. The comprehensive study results show that the space formed by the hanging wall and footwall of listric fault isn't in a wedge mode but an alternative mode between local compact structure zone and local extension peeling zone. According to the diagram of the displacement relation of the fault space, the smaller the included angle θ between listric fault strike displacement and dip displacement, the greater the stress along trend, the higher of the traction degree towards the stratum, and the thicker the oil-bearing structure favorable to accumulate oil. Inclined shearing method model can predict the actual slip depth of listric faults, strengthening the consciousness of the structure characteristics of middle and deep structures. Listric fault is closed while it's fault plane refraction crack filled by mineral vein, and when combined stress of listric fault plane space is greater than or equal to its compressive strength affecting on rocks, it will cause the closure of the crack or the material compaction, which is favorable for the seal of oil and gas.
- listric fault /
- fault refraction /
- lnclination angle shearing method /
- spatial displacement /
- combined stress

HTML全文

致谢: 在野外调查、室内研究及成文过程中得到了中国地质科学院地质力学研究所陈虹副研究员的大力支持和热情帮助、指导，在此表示衷心的感谢！

图 1 脆塑性断裂载荷与变形量关系示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of the relations between the loads and the distortion of the brittle-plasticity fault

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 断层折射示意图^[5]

Figure 2. Diagram of the fault refraction

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 铲式断层发育初期断面形态变化示意图

Figure 3. Sketch map of the morphological changes of the fault plane at the initial stage of the listric fault growth

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 铲式断层逆牵引特征及其断层面力学分解

θ-地层倾角、α-逆牵引角、A-扰曲幅度、G-沉积物重力

Figure 4. Mechanical decomposition of listric fault reversed-drag feature and fault plane

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 铲式断层派生次级断层发育特征及其铲式断层滑脱深度预测图解

Figure 5. Diagram of the development characteristics of the secondary fault derived from the listric fault and the prediction of the detachment depth of the listric fault

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 铲式断层空间各位移及其大小关系示意图

a-铲式断层要素及其空间位移示意图 b-空间位移四边形法则

Figure 6. Diagram of the relation between the spatial displacements of the listric fault and their sizes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 铲式断层面三度空间联合应力作用图解

Figure 7. Diagram of the three-dimension combined stress of the listric fault plane

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 铲式断层曲率图解

Figure 8. Diagram of the listric fault curvature

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 铲式断层及其次级断层组合油气运聚模式

Figure 9. Oil and gas migration-accumulation model with the combination of the listric fault and its secondary fault

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(28)

[1]	Smith D A. Sealing and nonsealing faults in Louisiana gulf coast salt basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1980, 64(2):145~172.
[2]	李宏义, 姜振学, 董月霞, 等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断层对油气运聚的控制作用[J].现代地质, 2010, 24(4):755~761. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ201004017.htm LI Hong-yi, JIANG Zhen-xue, DONG Yue-xia, et al. Control of faults on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2010, 24(4):755~761. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ201004017.htm
[3]	鲁兵, 陈章明, 关德范, 等.断面活动特征及其对油气的封闭作用[J].石油学报, 1996, 17(3):33~38. doi: 10.7623/syxb199603005 LU Bing, CHEN Zhang-ming, GUAN De-fan, et al. The activating properties of fault planes and functions of sealing oil-gas accumulation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1996, 17(3):33~38. doi: 10.7623/syxb199603005
[4]	鲁兵, 刘忠, 孔宪政, 等.断层折射与断层封闭性的关系[J].石油勘探与开发, 1999, 26(3):28~30. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK903.007.htm LU Bing, LIU Zhong, KONG Xian-zheng, et al. Relations between fault refraction and fault sealing[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1999, 26(3):28~30. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK903.007.htm
[5]	张寿庭, 李忠权.断裂转折及其控矿特征[J].矿物岩石, 1998, 18(2):85~89. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS802.015.htm ZHANG Shou-ting, LI Zhong-quan. Faults deflecting and its ore-controlling characteristics[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 1998, 18(2):85~89. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS802.015.htm
[6]	吴长勇, 冯宝红, 张喜强, 等.同沉积构造对油气成藏的作用:以济阳坳陷为例[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报, 2004, 6(4):18~22. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDSY200404006.htm WU Chang-yong, FENG Bao-hong, ZHANG Xi-qiang, et al. Function of syndepositional structure on oil-gas reservoir forming:Jiyang depression as an example[J]. Journal of Chengde Petroleum College, 2004, 6(4):18~22. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDSY200404006.htm
[7]	刘东周, 刘斌, 李建英, 等.生长断层封闭性分析[J].石油勘探与开发, 2002, 29(3):37~39. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200203011.htm LIU Dong-zhou, LIU Bin, LI Jian-ying, et al. Sealing analysis of growth fault[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2002, 29(3):37~39. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200203011.htm
[8]	杨茂新.生长断层下降盘逆牵引背斜成因探讨[J].石油物探, 1995, 34(2):105~109. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYWT199502014.htm YANG Mao-xin. Genesis of reverse draging anticlines on downthrow side of growth faults[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 1995, 34(2):105~109. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYWT199502014.htm
[9]	钟延秋, 李勇, 郭洪金, 等.济阳坳陷古近系同沉积背斜构造及其与油气的关系[J].大地构造与成矿学, 2006, 30(1):28~40. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK200601004.htm ZHONG Yan-qiu, LI Yong, GUO Hong-jin, et al. Study on palaeogene syndeposition and its relation with hydrocarbon potentials in Jiyang sag[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2006, 30(1):28~40. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGYK200601004.htm
[10]	程小久.同生断层控矿作用综述[J].矿床地质, 1994, 13(S):111~113. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ4S1.055.htm CHENG Xiao-jiu. Summarization of ore controlling action of contemporaneous faults[J]. Mineral Deposits, 1994, 13(S):111~113. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ4S1.055.htm
[11]	洪宇, 黄国平, 张金报, 等.东濮凹陷东倾同沉积断层与油气聚集[J].油气地质与采收率, 2003, 10(5):19~21. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS200305008.htm HONG Yu, HUANG Guo-ping, ZHANG Jin-bao, et al. The east inclined synsedimentary fault and oil-gas accumulation in Dongpu sag[J]. Oil & Gas Recovery Technology, 2003, 10(5):19~21. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS200305008.htm
[12]	陆先亮.渤海湾盆地新生代断裂活动及其对含油气系统和油气分布的影响[J].油气地质与采收率, 2005, 12(3):31~35. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS200503010.htm LU Xian-liang. Cenozoic faulting and its influence on the hydrocarbon-bearing systems and hydrocarbon distribution in the Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2005, 12(3):31~35. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YQCS200503010.htm
[13]	王明建, 张训华, 王安国, 等.铲式正断层几何形态定量预测与应用-以南黄海盆地南部拗陷为例[J].东北石油大学学报, 2014, 38(2):1~7. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQSY201402002.htm WANG Mingjian, ZHANG Xunhua, WANG Anguo, et al. Quantitative prediction of listric normal fault geometry and itsapplication-taking southern depression of southern Yellow Sea basin for example[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2014, 38(2):1~7. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQSY201402002.htm
[14]	刘雅君, 郝艳娥, 闫竹玲, 等.荷载作用下塑性和脆性材料断裂破坏实质的分析与比较[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 25(4):39~40, 44. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSZR200604012.htm LIU Ya-jun, HAO Yan-e, YAN Zhu-ling, et al. Analysis and comparison of fracture failure of plastic and brittle materials under loading[J]. Journal of Yanan University (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 25(4):39~40, 44. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSZR200604012.htm
[15]	马杏垣, 索书田, 游振东, 等.嵩山构造变形-重力构造、构造解析[M].北京:地质出版社, 1981, 256. MA Xing-yuan, SUO Shu-tian, YOU Zhen-dong, et al. Tection deformation of the Songshan are-gravity tectonics and tectonic analysis[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1981, 256.
[16]	马杏垣, 刘和甫, 王维襄, 等.中国东部中、新生代裂陷作用和伸展构造[J].地质学报, 1983, 57(1):22~32. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198301002.htm MA Xing-yuan, LIU Fu-he, WANG Wei-xiang, et al. Meso-cenozoic taphrogeny and extensional tectonics in eastern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1983, 57(1):22~32. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198301002.htm
[17]	陈强.铲式断层的构造力学分析[J].地质学报, 1987, 61(4):296~307. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198704001.htm CHEN Qiang. Tectonomechanical analysis of listric faults[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1987, 61(4):296~307. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198704001.htm
[18]	Platt J P. Dynamics of orogenic wedges and the uplift of high-pressure metamorphic rocks[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1986, 97(9):1037~1053. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1037:DOOWAT>2.0.CO;2
[19]	Withjack M O, Islam Q T, La Pointe P R. Normal faults and their hanging-wall deformation; an experimental study[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1995, 79(1):1~18.
[20]	邓起东.海原活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社, 1990. DENG Qi-dong. Haiyuan active fault belt[M]. Beijing:Seismological Press, 1990.
[21]	Nunns A G. Structural restoration of seismic and geologic sections in extensional regimes[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1991, 75(2):278~297.
[22]	White N J, Yielding G. Calculating normal fault geometries at depth:theory and examples[A]. Roberts A M, Yielding G, Freeman B. The Geometry of Normal Faults[M]. London:Geological Society, Special Publication, 1991, 251~260.
[23]	Dula W F. Geometric models of listric normal faults and rollover folds[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1991, 75(10):1609~1625.
[24]	李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社, 1973. LI Si-guang. Introduction to geological mechanics[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1973.
[25]	Berg B B, Avery A H. Sealing properties of tertiary growth faults, Texas gulf coast[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1995, 79(3):375~393.
[26]	Hooper E C D. Fluid migration along growth faults in compacting sediments[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1991, 14(7):161~180.
[27]	Weber K J, Mandl G J, Pilaar W F, et al. The role of faults in hydrocarbon migration and trapping in Nigerian growth fault structures[A]. Offshore Technology Conference[C]. Houston, Texas:Offshore Technology Conference, 1978, 2643~2653.
[28]	刘德志, 周江羽, 马良, 等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断裂控藏特征研究[J].海洋石油, 2009, 29(4):19~25. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYSY200904004.htm LIU De-zhi, ZHOU Jiang-yu, MA Liang, et al. Study on the features of fault controlling pool in Nanpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Offshore Oil, 2009, 29(4):19~25. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYSY200904004.htm