A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE RULE OF THE FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS ON ROCK SEEPAGE CHARACTERISTICS
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摘要: 裂隙是油气储层主要的储集空间及流体渗流通道，影响油气的运移规律，是油气勘探开发的重要指标。以冀中坳陷任丘油田任10井为例，运用数值模拟方法研究了裂隙开展宽度和裂隙面粗糙度对岩石渗流特性的影响规律。研究结果表明，（1）裂隙开展宽度较小时，孔隙内流体压力仅在入口处小范围内呈扇形分布，裂隙中压力分布曲线呈正切函数型，流体流速在裂隙和孔隙中都较小；随着裂缝开展宽度的增加，孔隙内流体压力逐渐增大，裂隙中压力分布曲线逐渐向直线型转变，流体流速在入口处先减小后稳定，在裂隙中先增加后稳定；（2）裂隙面粗糙度对裂隙岩石渗流特性的影响与裂隙开展宽度有关，在裂隙开展宽度较大时，裂隙面粗糙度对流体压力的分布影响较大；随着裂隙面粗糙度增大，孔隙内流速逐渐增大，而裂隙中流速逐渐减小；（3）随着裂隙开展宽度的增大，影响裂隙流体流动的主控因素逐渐由裂隙开展宽度转变为裂隙面粗糙度。Abstract: Fracture is the main reservoir space and fluid seepage channel in oil and gas reservoirs, which affects hydrocarbon migration directly as an important indicator of oil and gas exploration and development. In this study, the Ren 10 well in Renqiu Oilfield of the Jizhong depression was taken as an example, the influence rule of fracture width and fracture surface roughness on rock seepage characteristics was studied in this work by numerical simulation. The results show as follows: 1) When fracture width is small, fluid pressure in pore distributes as a fan and only in a small range of the entrance; pressure distribution curve in fracture is tangent function type, and fluid and flow velocity are both relatively small in fracture and pore. With the increase of fracture width, fluid pressure in pore increases gradually; pressure distribution curve in fracture gradually changes to linear type. Moreover, the fluid and flow velocity decrease first and then tend to be stable at the entrance while increase first and then tend to be stable in fracture. 2) The influence of fracture surface roughness on rock seepage characteristics varies with fracture width. When fracture width gets bigger, the influence of fracture surface roughness gets greater on the distribution of fluid pressure. With the increase of fracture surface roughness, flow velocity in pore gradually increases while that in fracture decreases. 3) With the increase of fracture width, the main controlling factor affecting fluid flow in fracture changes from fracture width to fracture surface roughness.
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图 3 不同裂隙开展宽度下孔隙及裂隙中流体压力和流速分布图
Figure 3. Distribution maps of fluid pressure and flow velocity in pores and fractures at different fracture widths
图 5 不同裂隙面粗糙度下孔隙及裂隙中流速分布图
Figure 5. Distribution maps of flow velocity in pores and fractures at different fracture roughness
图 6 裂隙中流速随裂隙特征的变化曲线
a-流体入口处流速随裂隙开展宽度变化曲线; b-裂隙中部流速随裂隙面粗糙度的变化曲线
Figure 6. Curves of flow velocity varing with fracture characteristics in fractures
表 1 碳酸盐岩模型材料参数值
Table 1. The material parameters of model
流体 基体 裂隙 密度(kg/m3) 动力粘度/(kg/(m·s)) 孔隙率/% 渗透率/m2 孔隙率/% 渗透率/m2 2450 1×10-3 0.25 1×10-11 0.80 1×10-7 
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