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摘要: TTG（英云闪长岩–奥长花岗岩–花岗闪长岩）作为太古宙大陆地壳的主要组成，是揭示早期大陆形成–演化和早期板块构造体制机制的关键载体。文章系统回顾了TTG的岩石学定义、分类方案、实验岩石学约束、源区特征及成因机制，重点探讨了TTG成因与早期板块构造之间的关系。传统上，高压型TTG被视为太古宙俯冲作用的证据，但新兴的“晶粥模型”和地球动力学数值模拟表明，TTG的成分多样性可能显著受后期岩浆过程（如晶体–熔体分离）改造，且其形成也可通过非俯冲机制（如地壳滴坠、地幔柱）实现。近年来，非传统稳定同位素（如B、Si、K、Ca）、大数据分析与机器学习在早期地球的应用为示踪TTG源区性质（如表壳物质加入）和早期地球的构造环境提供了新的思路。文章指出，未来TTG研究应进一步整合岩石学、地球化学与数值模拟，加强对原始岩浆成分的识别，发展能够有效区分不同成因机制（如俯冲、地幔柱等）的地球化学指标，并在典型地区开展多尺度、多学科综合研究，以深化对早期地球构造演化和大陆地壳生长机制的认识。Abstract:
Objective TTG (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) suites, major constituents of Archean continental crust, serve as key archives for understanding the formation and evolution of the early continental crust and related plate tectonic regimes and mechanisms. Methods This work presents a systematic review on the petrological definitions, classification schemes, experimental petrology, source characteristics, and genetic mechanisms of TTGs, with a particular focus on the relationship between TTG petrogenesis and early plate tectonics. Traditionally, high-pressure TTGs have been interpreted as evidence for Archean subduction. However, emerging paradigms, including the "mush model" and geodynamic numerical simulations, suggest that the compositional diversity of TTG can be reasonably explained by late-stage magmatic processes (e.g., crystal-melt separation) and that TTG can also be formed through non-subduction mechanisms (e.g., crustal dripping, mantle plumes). Results Recent applications of non-traditional stable isotopes (e.g., B, Si, K, Ca), big data analytics, and machine learning in the early Earth studies provided novel insights into tracing TTG source characteristics (such as the incorporation of supracrustal materials) and early tectonic settings. Conclusion This review suggests that future TTG research should further integrate petrology, geochemistry, and numerical modeling, enhance the identification of primary melt compositions, develop more robust geochemical indicators to effectively discriminate between different mechanisms (e.g., subduction vs. mantle plumes), and conduct multi-scale, interdisciplinary studies in key areas. Significance These efforts are crucial for deepening our understanding of the tectonic evolution of the early Earth and the mechanisms of continental crust growth. -
Key words:
- TTG /
- petrogenesis /
- early Earth /
- plate tectonics /
- continental evolution
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图 1 TTG与灰色片麻岩的野外露头
a—华北鲁西地区约25亿年的TTG片麻岩；b—南非卡普瓦尔克拉通巴伯顿地区约34亿年的Eerstehoek岩体；c—卡普瓦尔克拉通巴伯顿地区Stolzburg岩体，约34亿年的灰白色片麻状TTG被约32亿年的灰黑色TTG侵入，黑色为斜长角闪岩；d—湖北宜昌崆岭地区约30亿年的条带状片麻岩
Figure 1. Field outcrops of TTG and grey gneisses
(a) ~2.5 Ga TTG gneisses from western Shandong, North China Craton; (b) ~3.4 Ga Eerstehoek pluton in the Barberton area, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa; (c) ~3.4 Ga grey–white gneissic TTG intruded by ~3.2 Ga grey–black TTG in the Stolzburg pluton, Barberton area, Kaapvaal Craton, with black amphibolite layers; (d) ~3.0 Ga banded gneiss from the Kongling area, Yichang, Hubei Province
图 2 TTG的分类与稀土分异图解（据Laurent et al.，2024修改）
a —TTG的岩石分类图解；b —TTG与不同构造背景花岗岩的稀土元素分异图（横坐标为稀土元素）；c —TTG的Sr/Y与La/Yb协变图
Figure 2. Classification and REE fractionation diagrams for TTGs (modified from Laurent et al., 2024).
(a) TTG rock classification diagram; (b) REE differentiation diagram of TTG and granites from different tectonic settings; (c) Sr/Y vs. La/Yb covariation diagram of TTG
图 3 太古宙玄武岩的相平衡模拟与TTG的形成温压限定（据Ge et al.，2018修改）
初始玄武岩成分为太古宙富集拉斑玄武岩（平均值）；彩色黑框符号为全球不同克拉通早期TTG形成的温度压力限定，其中红色圆形为塔里木克拉通阿克塔什TTG，紫色方形为北大西洋克拉通Itsaq TTG，绿色菱形为华北克拉通鞍山TTG，蓝色三角为苏必利尔克拉通Acasta TTG
Figure 3. Phase equilibrium modelling of Archean basalts and P–T constraints for TTG formation （modified from Ge et al., 2018）
The modelling uses an enriched Archean tholeiitic basalt composition (average) as the starting material. Coloured symbols with black outlines represent P–T conditions for the formation of early TTGs from various cratons worldwide: red circles for the Aktashi TTG, Tarim Craton; purple squares for the Itsaq TTG, North Atlantic Craton; green diamonds for the Anshan TTG, North China Craton; and blue triangles for the Acasta TTG, Superior Craton.
图 4 太古宙地球动力学模型（据Sizova et al.，2015修改）
Figure 4. Archean geodynamic models (modified from Sizova et al., 2015)
图 5 TTG形成的晶粥模型（据Laurent et al.，2020修改）
Figure 5. The mush model for TTG formation (modified from Laurent et al., 2020)
图 6 关于板块构造启动时间的不同认识（据Palin et al.，2020修改）
Figure 6. Different perspectives on the timing of plate tectonic onset (modified from Palin et al., 2020)
表 1 TTG岩石的主要分类方案及特征
Table 1. Major classification schemes and characteristics of TTG rocks
分类依据 类型 主要特征 可能的形成机制 形成压力 高压型（~2.0 GPa） 高Sr/Y、La/Yb，重稀土强烈亏损 源区残留相为金红石+石榴子石+辉石，可能与俯冲有关 中压型（~1.5 GPa） 中等Sr/Y、La/Yb 源区残留相为石榴子石+辉石/角闪石 低压型（1.0~1.2 GPa） 低Sr/Y、La/Yb 相对较浅的熔融，源区残留相为斜长石+角闪石 铝含量 高铝型（Al2O3 > 15%） 高铝、高La/Yb、低Yb 高压熔融，石榴子石、角闪石残留 低铝型（Al2O3 < 15%） 低铝、低La/Yb 相对低压熔融 
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