Seismic anisotropy and rheological decoupling of crust and mantle in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern margin: Insights from deformation mechanisms of eclogite and peridotite
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摘要: 中—下地壳作为壳−幔相互作用的关键界面，其物质组成存在显著争议。研究选择喜马拉雅东构造结及东南缘这一青藏高原物质东向扩展的关键区域，以哀牢山−红河剪切带及邻区下地壳石榴辉石岩（27～44 km）和岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩（50～78 km）为对象，综合利用岩相学、显微构造分析、晶格优选取向（CPOs）测量、变质−变形温压计算及全岩地震波速模拟等手段，系统构建了该区岩石圈地震波速与各向异性模型，旨在揭示高原东南缘壳幔地震波速各向异性及壳幔流变学特征。研究结果揭示：下地壳石榴辉石岩中石榴石呈现刚性旋转变形，透辉石以位错蠕变为主导；岩石圈地幔橄榄石发育A型（高温低压简单剪切型）和AG型（熔体参与型）CPOs模式，顽火辉石与透辉石亦以位错蠕变为主；反映下地壳和岩石圈地幔经历多期塑性变形与静态重结晶过程。地震波速分层特征显著，其中石榴辉石岩的P波速度（VP）为8.01～8.07 km/s，S波速度（VS）为4.54～4.57 km/s，各向异性较弱（AVP=0.6%～1.4%、AVS=0.7%～1.1%）；尖晶石二辉橄榄岩VP为8.03～8.08 km/s，VS为4.60～4.61 km/s，各向异性显著增强（AVP=3.8%～8.0%、AVS=3.0%～6.6%）。波速主控因素分析表明，石榴辉石岩波速主要受石榴石含量控制，各向异性与透辉石含量相关；二辉橄榄岩波速由镁橄榄石含量主导，顽火辉石/透辉石起到“稀释/消减”作用，且矿物组构强度显著影响各向异性。垂向波速模型呈阶梯式增长：自中地壳至岩石圈地幔，依次为云母片岩（VP=6.12～6.46 km/s）、花岗闪长岩（VP =6.69～6.78 km/s）、斜长角闪岩（VP =6.30～6.69 km/s）、石榴辉石岩（VP =8.01～8.07 km/s）和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩（Vp=8.03～8.08 km/s），其中角闪岩层（VS=3.59～4.01km/s）是壳幔波速跃变的关键界面。结合地球物理数据，推测中—下地壳角闪岩层与部分熔融体是地壳各向异性的主要来源，岩石圈地幔各向异性指示软流圈上涌驱动的物质“流变”，并呈现出显著的壳幔解耦特征。Abstract:
Objective The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern region serve as a critical channel for the eastward extrusion or/and expansion of Tibetan Plateau material. The deformation/rheology mechanisms and seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere provide key insights into plateau uplift and lateral growth. Methods This study investigates lower-crustal garnet pyroxenites (27–44 km depth) and lithospheric mantle spinel lherzolites (50–78 km depth) from the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone and adjacent regions. This study integrates petrographic analysis, microstructural observations, measurements of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs), metamorphic-deformation thermobarometry, and whole-rock seismic velocity modeling to constrain the lithospheric seismic anisotropy and its tectonic implications. Results Our key findings include: (1) Microstructural analysis reveals that garnet in lower-crustal pyroxenites behaves as a rigid phase with rotational deformation, while clinopyroxene accommodates strain via dislocation creep. In the lithospheric mantle, olivine exhibits both A-type (high-temperature, low-pressure simple shear) and AG-type (melt-present) CPOs; orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene also deform predominantly by dislocation creep, indicating polyphase plastic deformation and static recrystallization. (2) Seismic velocities show distinct layering: garnet pyroxenites exhibit VP = 8.01–8.07 km/s and VS = 4.54–4.57 km/s with weak anisotropy (AVP = 0.6%–1.4%, AVS= 0.7%–1.1%), whereas spinel lherzolites display higher velocities (VP = 8.03–8.08 km/s, VS= 4.60–4.61 km/s) and stronger anisotropy (AVP = 3.8%–8.0%, AVS = 3.0%–6.6%). (3) The velocity controls differ between lithologies: in pyroxenites, the garnet content dominates the bulk seismic velocity, while the anisotropy correlates with the clinopyroxene content; in lherzolites, the seismic properties are primarily controlled by olivine, while orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene exert a diluting effect, and the deformation intensity significantly influences the anisotropy. (4) From the middle crust to the lithospheric mantle, a vertical velocity model reveals stepwise increases: mica schist (VP = 6.12–6.46 km/s) → granodiorite (VP = 6.69–6.78 km/s) → amphibolite (VP = 6.30–6.69 km/s) → garnet pyroxenite (VP = 8.01–8.07 km/s) → spinel lherzolite (VP = 8.03–8.08 km/s), with the amphibolite layer (VS = 3.59–4.01 km/s) acting as a key interface for crust-mantle velocity transitions. Conclusion Integrated with published geophysical data, we propose a tectonic model wherein: (1) mid-lower crustal amphibolites and partial melts are the primary sources of crustal anisotropy; (2) mantle anisotropy reflects southeastward lithospheric extrusion driven by asthenospheric upwelling, with clear crust-mantle decoupling. [ Significance ] Our new data provide critical constraints on the lithospheric deformation and crust-mantle decoupling beneath the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern region by linking mineral-scale deformation mechanisms with large-scale seismic anisotropy. This enhances our understanding of the uplift and lateral growth of the Tibetan Plateau in the Cenozoic. -
图 1 喜马拉雅东构造结及东南缘构造地貌及岩石圈结构
a—高原东南缘构造地貌（Tapponnier et al.，1990）及GPS速度场（Zhang et al.，2004）；b—高原东南缘岩石圈速度结构（VP/VS；Hou et al.，2023）；c—青藏高原东南缘地壳21 km深处S波速度结构（存在A带和B带2条S波低速带；Bao et al.，2015）
Figure 1. Tectonic geomorphology and lithospheric structure of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and the SE Tibetan Plateau
(a) Tectonic geomorphology (Tapponnier et al., 1990) and GPS velocity field (Zhang et al., 2004); (b) Lithospheric VP/VS velocity structure (Hou et al., 2023); (c) S-wave velocity at a crustal depth of 21 km, showing two low-velocity zones A and B (Bao et al., 2015)
图 2 青藏高原东南缘构造地貌特征、GPS运动方位、快波极化方位以及研究采样点位置
a—喜马拉雅东构造结及东南缘构造地貌、GPS（Zhang et al.，2004）及SKS快波极化方位信息（Lev et al.，2006）；b—六合地区正长斑岩中的石榴石辉石岩和基性包体；c—马关地区碧玄岩中的辉石岩包体和橄榄岩包体
Figure 2. Tectonic geomorphology, GPS velocity field, SKS fast wave polarization directions, and sampling locations in the SE Tibetan Plateau
(a) Tectonic geomorphology of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern margin, with the GPS velocity field (Zhang et al., 2004) and SKS fast wave polarization information (Lev et al., 2006); (b) Garnet pyroxenite and mafic enclaves in syenite porphyry from the Liuhe area; (c) Pyroxenite and peridotite xenoliths in basanite from the Maguan area
图 3 高原东南缘六合地区石榴辉石岩包体样品（HT4-3和HT5-3）微观构造、矿物相组合及岩石模态组分（采样位置见图2a和表1）
Grt—石榴石；Di—透辉石；样品HT4-3中石榴石和透辉石呈镶嵌结构，发育三联点结构，部分透辉石后期遭受交代退变质作用而呈筛网状；样品HT5-3中石榴石和透辉石呈镶嵌结构，发育三联点结构，石榴石表面发育明显裂纹
Figure 3. Microstructures, mineral assemblages, and modal compositions of garnet pyroxenite xenoliths (samples HT4-3 and HT5-3) from the Liuhe area on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (sampling locations are shown in Fig. 2a and Table 1)
In sample HT4-3, garnet and diopside show a mosaic texture with well-developed triple junction structures; some diopside later underwent metasomatic retrogression, resulting in sieve texture. In sample HT5-3, garnet and diopside display mosaic texture with well-developed triple junction structures, and the garnet surfaces show distinct cracks.
图 4 高原东南缘滇西马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩样品的微观结构和矿物相组合（采样位置见图2a和表1）
Di—透辉石; Fo—镁橄榄石; En—顽火辉石；基于光学显微图形和TIMA面扫描分析结果；二辉橄榄岩显微结构显示橄榄石颗粒边界平直，发育三联点结构，斜方辉石内橄榄石包体，橄榄石内部发育双晶边界
Figure 4. Microstructures and mineral assemblages of spinel lherzolite samples from the Maguan area, western Yunnan, on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (sampling locations are shown in Fig. 2a and Table 1)
Based on optical micrographs and TIMA surface scans, the microstructures of the spinel lherzolites include straight olivine grain boundaries with well-developed triple junctions, olivine inclusions within orthopyroxene, and twin boundaries within the olivine.
图 5 高原东南缘滇西马关地区及典型地区构造单元地温梯度
莫霍界面和岩石圈−软流圈（LAB）界面深度来自Yang et al.，2017；Hu et al.，2018
Figure 5. Geothermal gradients of tectonic units in the Maguan area, western Yunnan, and typical regions on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Moho discontinuity and lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) depths are from Yang et al., 2017 and Hu et al., 2018.
图 6 青藏高原东南缘滇西六合地区石榴辉石岩主要矿物辉石和石榴石的组构模式
组构模式显示方式为等面积下半球投影，坐标框架见左上方，N为测量点数，J和M为组构强度指数a—样品HT4-3和HT5-3中辉石的组构模式；b—样品HT4-3和HT5-3中石榴石的组构模式
Figure 6. Fabric patterns of the major minerals, pyroxene and garnet, in garnet pyroxenite from the Liuhe area, western Yunnan, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
(a) Fabric patterns of pyroxene in samples HT4-3 and HT5-3; (b) Fabric patterns of garnet in samples HT4-3 and HT5-3The fabric patterns are displayed as equal-area lower-hemisphere projections, with the coordinate framework shown in the upper left corner. N represents the number of measurement points, and J and M denote the fabric strength indices.
图 7 青藏高原东南缘滇西马关地区6件尖晶石二辉橄榄岩样品的主要矿物（橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石）的组构模式
CPOs显示方式为等面积下半球投影，所有矿物CPOs极图均以橄榄石[100]轴和[010]轴平行于线理和面理法线为参考进行旋转，最右侧是橄榄石反极图，坐标框架在左上方显示；N是测量点数，J和M是组构强度指数
Figure 7. Fabric patterns of major minerals (including olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene) in six spinel lherzolite samples from the Maguan area, western Yunnan, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
The CPOs are displayed as equal-area lower-hemisphere projections. All mineral CPOs are rotated with reference to olivine and axes parallel to mineral lineation and foliation normal, respectively. The far right shows the olivine inverse pole figure, with the coordinate framework displayed in the upper left. N represents the number of measurement points, and J and M are the fabric strength indices.
图 8 高原东南缘六合地区石榴辉石岩（样品HT4-3和HT5-3）的地震属性
黑色方块标记最高值，白色圆圈标记最低值，应变参考坐标系显示在左侧（绿色）（XY面—面理面；X方向—矿物线理方向；Z方向—面理法线方向）
Figure 8. Seismic properties of garnet-pyroxenites (samples HT4-3 and HT5-3) from the Liuhe area, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
The black squares mark the maximum values, and the white circles mark the minimum values. The strain reference coordinate system is shown on the left (green) (XY plane—foliation plane; X direction—mineral lineation direction; Z direction—foliation normal direction).
图 9 高原东南缘马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地震波速性质（地震波从Y轴入射）
黑色方块标记最高值；白色圆圈标记最低值；应变参考坐标系显示为左侧（绿色）（XY面—面理面；X方向—线理方向；Z方向—面理法线方向）
Figure 9. Seismic wave velocity properties of spinel lherzolite from the Maguan area, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (seismic waves incident from the Y-axis)
The black squares mark the maximum values, and the white circles mark the minimum values. The strain reference coordinate system is shown on the left (green) (XY plane—foliation plane; X direction—lineation direction; Z direction—foliation normal direction).
图 10 高原东南缘马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地震波速性质（地震波从X轴入射）
黑色方块标记最高值；白色圆圈标记最低值；应变参考坐标系显示为左侧（绿色）（XY面—面理面；X方向—线理方向；Z方向—面理法线方向）
Figure 10. Seismic wave velocity properties of spinel lherzolite from the Maguan area, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (seismic waves incident from the X-axis)
The black squares represent the maximum values, and the white circles represent the minimum values. The strain reference coordinate system is shown on the left (green) (XY plane—foliation plane; X direction—lineation direction; Z direction—foliation normal direction).
图 11 高原东南缘马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地震波速性质（地震波从Z轴入射）
黑色方块标记最高值；白色圆圈标记最低值；应变参考坐标系显示为左侧（绿色）（XY面—面理面；X方向—线理方向；Z方向—面理法线方向）
Figure 11. Seismic wave velocity properties of spinel lherzolite from the Maguan area, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (seismic waves incident from the Z-axis)
The black squares mark the maximum values, and the white circles mark the minimum values. The strain reference coordinate system is shown on the left (green) (XY plane—foliation plane; X direction—lineation direction; Z direction—foliation normal direction).
图 12 高原东南缘滇西六合地区石榴辉石岩中石榴石和透辉石岩石图谱模拟结果
a、b—石榴辉石岩（样品HT4-3）地震波速性质和石榴石含量关系图谱；c、d—石榴辉石岩（样品HT5-3）地震波速性质和石榴石含量关系图谱
Figure 12. Garnet and diopside rock modeling of garnet pyroxenite in the Liuhe area, western Yunnan, southeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
(a) and (b) Relationships between seismic wave velocity properties and garnet content for garnet pyroxenite (sample HT4-3); (c) and (d) Relationships between seismic wave velocity properties and garnet content for garnet pyroxenite (sample HT5-3)
图 13 青藏高原东南缘马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地震波速性质与橄榄石含量关系
a、b—尖晶石二辉橄榄岩全岩地震波波速与橄榄石含量关系；c、d—尖晶石二辉橄榄岩全岩地震波各向异性与橄榄石含量关系
Figure 13. Relationships between seismic wave properties and olivine content in spinel lherzolite from the Maguan area, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
(a) and (b) Relationships between seismic wave velocity and olivine content in spinel lherzolite; (c) and (d) Relationships between seismic wave anisotropy and olivine content in spinel lherzolite
图 14 青藏高原东南缘岩石圈各层岩石地震波速性质剖面
红蓝方块和圆点为岩石样品计算获取的地震波速性质；黑色箭头线指示不同岩性间地震波速性质变化趋势（糜棱岩化云母片岩、糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩和糜棱岩化斜长角闪岩的地震波速性质来自Huang et al.，2022；石榴石辉石岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的地震波速性质为此次研究）
Figure 14. Profiles of seismic wave velocity properties in various lithospheric layers under the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
The seismic wave velocity properties of the red and blue squares and dots are calculated and obtained from rock samples; the black arrowed lines indicate the trends of changes in seismic wave velocity properties between different lithologies (the seismic wave velocity properties of mylonitized mica schist, mylonitized granodiorite, and mylonitized plagioclase amphibolite are from Huang et al., 2022; the seismic wave velocity properties of garnet pyroxenite and spinel lherzolite are from this study).
图 15 喜马拉雅东构造结及东南缘岩石圈物质−波速结构模式
地球物理观测获得的S波速度结构（S波速度结构数据来自 Peng et al.，2017；GPS数据来自Zhang et al.，2004）及基于岩石学约束和解释方案
Figure 15. Lithospheric material and seismic velocity structure model of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its southeastern margin
S-wave velocity structure based on geophysical observations (S-wave velocity structure data from Peng et al., 2017; GPS data from Zhang et al., 2004) and its interpretation scheme constrained by petrology.
表 1 青藏高原东南缘六合和马关地区深源岩石包体采样点及主要矿物组合
Table 1. Sampling localities and major mineral assemblages of deep-seated rock xenoliths from the Liuhe and Maguan areas in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
采样地点 经度 纬度 样品编号 岩性 矿物组合 六合地区 26°25′29.922″N 100°19′26.058″E HT4-3 石榴辉石岩 Grt+Aug+Di 26°25′29.922″N 100°19′26.058″E HT5-3 石榴辉石岩 Grt+Aug+Di 马关地区 23°0′38.226″N 104°7′43.782″E MG3-5-1 二辉橄榄岩 Fo+En+Di+Spl 22°57′57.048″N 104°6′34.566″E MG3-5-2 二辉橄榄岩 Fo+En+Di+Spl 23°0′48.162″N 104°7′10.020″E MG3-8 二辉橄榄岩 Fo+En+Di+Spl 23°0′47.046″N 104°7′11.094″E MG4-2 二辉橄榄岩 Fo+En+Di+Spl 23°0′49.362″N 104°7′8.682″E MG4-3 二辉橄榄岩 Fo+En+Di+Spl 23°0′46.674″N 104°7′10.794″E MG6-1 二辉橄榄岩 Fo+En+Di+Spl 注：Grt—石榴石；Aug—普通辉石；Di—透辉石；Fo—镁橄榄石；En—顽火辉石；Spl—尖晶石 
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表 2 高原东南缘滇西马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩显微结构、矿物相组合、Mg#和Cr#及平衡温压计算结果
Table 2. Microstructures, mineral assemblages, Mg# and Cr# values, and geothermobarometric results of spinel lherzolites from the Maguan area, western Yunnan, on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
样品 岩石类型 结构 岩石模态组分/% 镁橄榄石
（Mg#）尖晶石
（Cr#）温度/
℃压力/
GPaFo En Di Spl St MG3-5-1 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒结构 40.2 32.6 12.3 0.7 14.2 90.5 14.8 1193 2.3 MG3-5-2 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒结构 50.9 25.4 8.9 0.4 14.4 91.3 39.2 1103 3.0 MG3-8 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒结构 45.6 30.1 16.8 1.4 6.1 89.9 11.4 1079 2.2 MG4-2 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒结构 60.6 27.3 8.2 0.7 3.2 89.9 11.5 1053 2.2 MG4-3 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒结构 70.1 19.5 5.1 0.8 4.5 91.0 30.9 1009 2.8 MG6-1 二辉橄榄岩 粗粒结构 59.3 19.6 8.1 0 13.0 90.2 − 1091 − 注：Fo—镁橄榄石；En—顽火辉石；Di—透辉石；Spl—尖晶石；St—蛇纹石；温度计算采用二辉石温度计；压力计算采用尖晶石Cr#压力计
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表 3 马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩EBSD面扫获得的镁橄榄石组构和显微结构参数
Table 3. Olivine fabric and microstructure parameters obtained by SEM-based EBSD mapping of spinel lherzolites from the Maguan area
样品
编号镁橄榄石 CPOs J指数 M指数 BA值 形态
因子轴比 颗粒大小/
μmMG3-5-1 AG-type 10.1 0.354 0.187 1.32 2.09 771.1 MG3-5-2 A-type 10.4 0.266 0.389 1.34 1.99 599.6 MG3-8 AG-type 4.44 0.062 0.514 1.27 1.75 497.6 MG4-2 A-type 5.1 0.088 0.405 1.28 1.74 630.6 MG4-3 A-type 7.01 0.148 0.492 1.28 1.72 593.6 MG6-1 A-type 7.83 0.185 0.466 1.35 1.89 812.1
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表 4 高原东南缘滇西六合地区石榴辉石岩的地震波速度和各向异性
Table 4. Seismic wave velocity and anisotropy of pyrope granulites in the Liuhe region of western Yunnan at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
样品 VP,max/
(km/s)VP,min/
(km/s)VP,mean/
(km/s)AVP/
%VS1,max/
(km/s)VS1,min/
(km/s)VS2,max/
(km/s)VS2,min/
(km/s)VS,mean/
(km/s)AVS1,max/
%AVS2,max/
%AVS,max/
%VS1极化方向 HT4-3 8.09 8.04 8.07 0.60 4.58 4.57 4.57 4.55 4.57 0.40 0.50 0.70 平行线理 HT5-3 8.07 7.96 8.01 1.40 4.57 4.53 4.55 4.51 4.54 0.70 0.90 1.10 平行线理 注： VP,max—P波最大速度；VP,min—P波最小速度；VP,mean—P波平均速度；AVP—P波各向异性；VS1,max—S快波最大速度；VS1,min—S快波最小速度；VS2,max—S慢波最大速度；VS2,min—S慢波最小速度；VS,mean—S波平均速度；AVS1,max—S快波各向异性最大值；AVS2,max—S慢波各向异性最大值；AVS,max—S波各向异性最大值；下同
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表 5 高原东南缘滇西马关地区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的地震波速性质
Table 5. Seismic wave velocity characteristics of spinel lherzolite from the Maguan area, western Yunnan, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
样品 VP,max/
(km/s)VP,min/
(km/s)VP,mean/
(km/s)AVP/
%VS1,max/
(km/s)VS1,min/
(km/s)VS2,max/
(km/s)VS1,min/
(km/s)VS,mean/
(km/s)AVS1,max/
%AVS2,max/
%AVS,max/
%MG3-5-1 8.37 7.68 8.03 8.10 4.77 4.55 4.64 4.46 4.61 4.80 3.50 6.60 MG3-5-2 8.37 7.73 8.05 8.00 4.75 4.57 4.63 4.46 4.60 3.90 4.30 6.60 MG3-8 8.15 7.85 8.00 3.80 4.67 4.56 4.63 4.52 4.60 2.50 2.60 3.00 MG4-2 8.20 7.89 8.05 3.90 4.71 4.56 4.62 4.51 4.60 3.20 2.70 4.00 MG4-3 8.27 7.84 8.06 5.30 4.70 4.59 4.65 4.48 4.60 2.40 3.70 4.60 MG6-1 8.40 7.75 8.08 8.20 4.76 4.60 4.63 4.46 4.61 3.40 4.00 5.70
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表 6 石榴辉石岩（样品HT4-3）岩石图谱模拟（石榴石−透辉石）计算的地震波速性质
Table 6. Seismic wave velocity properties calculated by rock type modeling (garnet–diopside) for garnet pyroxenite (sample HT4-3)
岩石组分 VP,max/(km/s) VP,min/(km/s) VP,mean/(km/s) AVP/% VS1,max/(km/s) VS1,min/(km/s) VS2,max/(km/s) VS2,min/(km/s) VS,mean/(km/s) AVS,max/% 石榴石 透辉石 0.00 1.00 8.09 8.04 8.07 0.60 4.58 4.57 4.57 4.55 4.57 0.70 0.10 0.90 7.15 7.00 7.08 2.10 4.13 4.07 4.09 4.03 4.08 2.30 0.20 0.80 7.31 7.20 7.25 1.80 4.20 4.15 4.16 4.11 4.16 2.00 0.30 0.70 7.60 7.35 7.48 1.50 4.27 4.23 4.24 4.20 4.24 1.70 0.40 0.60 7.61 7.51 7.56 1.30 4.34 4.31 4.32 4.28 4.31 1.50 0.50 0.50 7.75 7.67 7.71 1.10 4.42 4.39 4.40 4.36 4.39 1.20 0.64 0.36 7.89 7.80 7.85 0.90 4.49 4.47 4.47 4.44 4.47 1.00 0.70 0.30 8.09 8.04 8.07 0.60 4.58 4.57 4.57 4.55 4.57 0.70
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表 7 石榴辉石岩（样品HT5-3）岩石图谱模拟（石榴石−透辉石）计算的地震波速性质
Table 7. Seismic wave velocity properties calculated by rock type modeling (garnet–diopside) for garnet pyroxenite (sample HT5-3)
岩石组分 VP,max/(km/s) VP,min/(km/s) VP,mean/(km/s) AVp/% VS1,max/(km/s) VS1,min/(km/s) VS2,max/(km/s) VS2,min/(km/s) VS,mean/(km/s) AVS,max/% 石榴石 透辉石 0.00 1.00 7.25 6.93 7.09 4.50 4.15 4.06 4.11 4.01 4.08 3.00 0.10 0.90 7.39 7.11 7.25 3.90 4.22 4.16 4.19 4.01 4.15 2.60 0.20 0.80 7.53 7.29 7.41 3.30 4.29 4.23 4.27 4.19 4.24 2.30 0.30 0.70 7.67 7.47 7.57 2.80 4.36 4.31 4.34 4.27 4.32 1.90 0.40 0.60 7.81 7.64 7.73 2.30 4.43 4.38 4.41 4.35 4.40 1.60 0.50 0.50 7.94 7.80 7.87 1.80 4.50 4.46 4.48 4.44 4.47 1.40 0.64 0.36 8.07 7.96 8.01 1.40 4.57 4.53 4.55 4.51 4.54 1.10 0.70 0.30 8.20 8.12 8.16 1.00 4.63 4.61 4.62 4.59 4.61 0.80
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表 8 青藏高原东南缘岩石圈各层岩石类型、岩石−温压条件及地震波速性质
Table 8. Rock types, pressure–temperature conditions, and seismic wave velocity properties of lithospheric layers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
岩性 样品号 温度/℃ 压力/GPa 深度 VP,mean/（km/s） VS,mean/（km/s） AVP/（%） AVS/（%） 糜棱岩化云母片岩 ALS8-1 500～600
（Huang et al.，2022）
300～500
（Cao et al.，2010）0.1～0.5
（Cao et al.，2010）上地壳15～19 km 6.46 3.89 4.4 4.70 ALS7-2 6.28 3.82 10.1 10.70 ALS8-5 6.23 3.76 8.9 8.60 DCS2-2 6.14 3.86 7.3 6.00 DCS2-2-2 6.12 3.84 8.3 8.30 DCS2-4 6.13 3.86 6.3 5.60 糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩 DCS007 550～650
（Huang et al.，2022）
647～710
（Huang et al.，2022）0.52～0.59
（Huang et al.，2022）中地壳
20～25 km6.78 4.01 2.4 2.10 DCS008 6.69 4.05 2.4 2.20 糜棱岩化斜长角闪岩 ALS012 614～672
（Huang et al.，2022）
604～710
（Cao et al.，2010）0.61～0.88
（Huang et al.，2022）
0.59～0.71
（Cao et al.，2010）中地壳
25～30 km6.52 3.7 5.8 5.38 ALS013 6.30 3.59 8.6 7.14 DCS009 6.96 4.01 4.6 3.22 ALS009 6.69 3.84 9.3 7.87 ALS017 6.29 3.59 7.9 8.97 石榴辉石岩 HT4-3 720～950
（魏启荣和王江海，2004）0.74～1.5
（魏启荣和王江海，2004）下地壳
27～44 km8.07 4.57 0.6 0.70 HT5-3 8.01 4.54 1.4 1.10 尖晶石二辉橄榄岩 MG4-3 1009～1193
（此次研究）
900～1150
（喻学惠等，2006；
商咏梅，2018）2.2～2.8
（此次研究）
1.29～2.74
（喻学惠等，2006；
商咏梅，2018）岩石圈
地幔
50～78 km8.06 4.60 5.3 4.60 MG4-2 8.05 4.60 3.9 4.00 MG3-8 8.03 4.60 3.8 3.00 MG6-1 8.08 4.61 8.2 5.70 MG3-5-2 8.05 4.60 8.0 6.60 MG3-5-1 8.03 4.61 8.1 6.60 注：糜棱岩化云母片岩、糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩和糜棱岩化斜长角闪岩的地震波速性质来自Huang et al.，2022；石榴石辉石岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的地震波速性质为此次研究
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