Deformation characteristics and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Shili ductile shear zone at the northwestern margin of the Yunkai Block
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摘要: 云开地块属华南板块前寒武变质结晶基底之一，为了解云开地区印支期构造变形特征，选取位于云开地块西北缘的十里韧性剪切带，通过野外调查、有限应变测量、运动学涡度分析及同位素年代学研究，表明其为一总体呈北西西—南东东走向、具有北北东向逆冲性质的剪切带，表现为韧性剪切变形、脆−韧性变形到褶皱变形的变形演化过程。韧性剪切变形同期形成的糜棱岩中，白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为232±2.3 Ma（MSWD=3.65），付林指数K为0.06～0.77，罗德参数ν为0.13～0.89，变形强度Es为0.41～0.51，运动学涡度值Wk为0.70～0.78，表明其为平面压扁型应变，其受到纯剪切与简单剪切相当的一般剪切作用。研究表明十里韧性剪切带形成于印支地块与华南地块北东—南西向拼合碰撞的远程效应。Abstract:
Objective The Yunkai Massif is one of the Precambrian metamorphic crystalline basements within the South China Block. To better understand the Indosinian deformation characteristics in the Yunkai area, the Shili ductile shear zone at the northwestern margin of the Yunkai Massif was selected for this study. Methods Through detailed field investigations, finite strain measurements, kinematic vorticity analyses, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, the structural characteristics and evolutionary process of the shear zone were constrained. Results The Shili ductile shear zone generally strikes WNW–ESE with NNE-directed thrusting. It has undergone four phases of deformation. Among which, the D2 to D4 deformations all indicate movement from SSW to NNE. D2 to D4 formed under a unified tectonic stress field, reflecting an evolution from ductile shear through brittle-ductile deformation to folding during the Late Triassic. Mylonites formed synchronously with the ductile shear deformation yield a muscovite 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 232 ± 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 3.65). The Flinn index (K) is 0.06–0.77, the Lode parameter (ν) is 0.13–0.89, the Effective strain (Es) is 0.41–0.51, and the kinematic vorticity value (Wk) is 0.70–0.78. These parameters indicate a flattening-type strain regime dominated by general shear, with comparable contributions of pure shear and simple shear. The dynamic recrystallization of minerals suggests that the deformation environment reached the upper greenschist facies. Conclusions This study indicates that the mylonitization, crenulation cleavage development, and folding within the Shili ductile shear zone were dynamically driven by the propagation of far-field stress resulting from the NE–SW collision between the Indochina and South China blocks during the Indosinian period. Significance These findings provide critical constraints on the Indosinian tectono-thermal event and its geodynamic framework in South China. -
Key words:
- South China Block /
- Yunkai Block /
- ductile shear zone /
- finite strain /
- kinematic vorticity /
- 40Ar/39Ar geochronology
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图 1 十里韧性剪切带大地构造位置及地质简图
1—推测界线；2—逆冲推覆带；3—第四系—白垩系；4—石炭系—泥盆系；5—奥陶系；6—志留系；7—元古界；8—燕山期花岗岩；9—印支期花岗岩；10—加里东期花岗岩；11—不整合界线；12—断层（裂）；13—逆冲推覆断层；14—韧性剪切带；15—剖面位置；16—城镇位置a—华南大地构造简图；b—云开地区大地构造简图；c—容县区域地质简图
Figure 1. Tectonic setting and geological sketch map of the Shili ductile shear zone
(a) Simplified tectonic map of South China; (b) Simplified tectonic map of the Yunkai area; (c) Simplified regional geological map of Rongxian County1–inferred boundary; 2–thrust-nappe belt; 3–Cretaceous–Quaternary; 4–Carboniferous–Devonian; 5–Ordovician; 6–Silurian; 7–Proterozoic; 8–Yanshanian granite; 9–Indosinian granite; 10–Caledonian granite; 11–unconformity; 12–fault; 13–thrust fault; 14–ductile shear zone; 15–cross section line; 16–town
图 2 十里韧性剪切带实测剖面图
S2—D2期变形剪切面理；S3—D3期变形剪切面理；n—面理数量；l—线理数量；DB41-4241-1等为样品编号
Figure 2. Measured cross-section across the Shili ductile shear zone
S2–D2 shear foliation; S3–D3 shear foliation; n–number of foliations; l–number of lineations; DB41-4241-1, etc. represent sample numbers
图 3 十里韧性剪切带中残存的D1期变形信息及特征
L1—D1期线理；L3—D3期线理；Qtz—石英；Ms—白云母a—D1期变形形成的尖棱褶皱；b—D1期变形形成的石英脉呈不对称褶皱，指示右行走滑剪切；c—多期皱纹线理；d—保留D1期糜棱面理的旋转碎斑
Figure 3. Relic structural features of D1 deformation in the Shili ductile shear zone
(a) D1 chevron folds; (b) D1 asymmetric folds, indicating dextral strike-slip shear; (c) Polyphase crenulation lineation; (d) Rotated porphyroclasts preserving D1 mylonitic foliationL1–D1 lineation; L3–D3 lineation; Qtz–quartz; Ms–muscovite
图 4 十里韧性剪切带中发育的D2期变形信息及特征
Qtz—石英；Ms—白云母；Bi—黑云母；Se—绢云母；Pl—长石；Tur—电气石；DB13-1176-3等为样品编号a—碎屑岩中白云母长英质糜棱岩；b—花岗质初糜棱岩；c—花岗质糜棱岩中电气石碎斑；d—石英书斜式构造；e—石英晶粒多向波状消光；f—石英晶粒带状消光；g—棋盘格式石英亚晶粒；h—石英亚晶粒旋转重结晶；i—石英膨凸重结晶；j—石英静态恢复重结晶及矩形条带；k—石英核幔构造（核部带状消光）；l— 斜长石晶内裂隙；m—长石书斜式构造；n—斜长石双向机械双晶及核幔构造；o—斜长石σ型碎斑；p—长石核幔构造及石香肠构造；q—长英质糜棱岩中白云母鱼及波状消光；r—白云母扭折带；s—花岗质超糜棱岩中白云母鱼；t—白云母压力影构造；u—自形电气石及晶内裂隙；v—S-C组构；w—不对称石英褶皱条带；x—花岗质变晶糜棱岩中长石碎斑退变质
Figure 4. Microstructural features of D2 deformation in the Shili ductile shear zone
(a) Muscovite-bearing felsic mylonite derived from clastic rocks; (b) Granitic protomylonite; (c) Tourmaline porphyroclasts in granitic mylonite; (d) Bookshelf structure in quartz; (e) Multidirectional undulose extinction in quartz grains; (f) Banded extinction in quartz grains; (g) Chessboard subgrains in quartz; (h) Subgrain rotation recrystallization in quartz; (i) Bulging recrystallization in quartz; (j) Static recovery recrystallization and rectangular ribbons in quartz; (k) Core-mantle structure in quartz (core showing banded extinction); (l) Intracrystalline fractures in plagioclase; (m) Bookshelf structure in feldspar; (n) Bilateral mechanical twinning and core-mantle structure in plagioclase; (o) σ-type porphyroclasts in plagioclase; (p) Core-mantle structure and boudinage in feldspar; (q) Mica fish and undulose extinction in muscovite within felsic mylonite; (r) Kink bands in muscovite; (s) Mica fish in granitic ultramylonite; (t) Pressure shadows around muscovite; (u) Euhedral tourmaline with intracrystalline fractures; (v) S–C fabric; (w) Asymmetric folded quartz ribbons; (x) Retrograde alteration of feldspar porphyroclasts in granitic blastomylonite;Qtz–quartz; Ms–muscovite; Bi–biotite; Se–sericite; Pl–feldspar; Tur–tourmaline; DB13-1176-3, etc. represent sample numbers
图 5 十里韧性剪切带中保存的D3期变形信息及特征
Sc—剪切面理；S—膝状褶皱两翼形成的面理a—千糜岩中的皱纹线理及不对称膝状褶皱；b—千糜岩中交面线理；c—镜下连续膝状褶皱
Figure 5. Structural features of D3 deformation in the Shili ductile shear zone
(a) Crenulation lineation and asymmetric kink folds in phyllonite; (b) Intersection lineation in phyllonite; (c) Microscopic continuous kink foldsSc–shear foliation; S–foliation developed on kink-fold limbs
图 6 十里韧性剪切带中保存的D4期变形信息及特征
L4—D4期线理；q—石英脉；S2—D2期剪切面理；S3—D3期剪切面理；S4—D4期剪切面理a—合浦组发育的顺层褶皱；b—合浦组不同能干性岩层发育的顺层褶皱；c—千糜岩中的褶皱变形；d—千糜岩中的窗棂构造；e—D4期变形导致早期面理褶皱变形
Figure 6. Structural features of D4 deformation in the Shili ductile shear zone
(a) Bedding-parallel folds developed in the Hepu Formation; (b) Bedding-parallel folds in layers of varying competence in the Hepu Formation;(c) Fold deformation in phyllonite; (d) Mullion structure in phyllonite; (e) Folding of earlier foliation caused by D4 deformationL4–D4 lineation; q–quartz veins; S2–D2 shear foliation; S3–D3 shear foliation; S4–D4 shear foliation
图 7 十里韧性剪切带付林图解与霍塞克图解
In（X/Y）—X、Y 2个主轴长度比的对数值；In（Y/Z）—Y、Z 2个主轴长度比的对数值；K—付林指数；ν—罗德参数；Es—变形强度
Figure 7. Flinn and Hossack diagrams for the Shili ductile shear zone
ln(X/Y)–natural logarithm of the strain axial ratio X/Y; ln(Y/Z)–natural logarithm of the strain axial ratio of Y/Z; K–Flinn index; ν–Lode parameter; Es–strain intensity
图 8 十里韧性剪切带求解运动学涡度的极摩尔圆
（ξ1，0）表示平行剪切带边界的特征向量；（ξ2，0）表示与剪切带边界斜交的特征向量；α为有限应变椭圆的长轴与剪切面之间的夹角；υ为主变形面2个特征向量的夹角；Wk为运动学涡度
Figure 8. Kinematic vorticities determination using polar Mohr circles for the Shili ductile shear zone
(ξ1, 0) represents the eigenvector parallel to the shear zone boundary; (ξ2, 0) represents the eigenvector oblique to the shear zone boundary; α is the angle between the long axis of the finite-strain ellipse and the shear plane, υ is the angle between the two eigenvectors of the principal deformation plane, and Wk is the kinematic vorticity.
图 9 十里韧性剪切带白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄谱及反等时线图
Figure 9. Muscovite40Ar/39Ar age spectrum and inverse isochron diagrams for the Shili ductile shear zone
表 1 十里韧性剪切带三维有限应变测量参数
Table 1. Three-dimensional finite strain parameters of the Shili ductile shear zone
样品编号 岩石定名 长短轴轴比值 应变主轴相对长短 付林指数 主应变 罗德参数 变形强度 RXY RXZ RYZ X Y Z K ε1 ε2 ε3 ν Es DB41-4241-1 绢云石英千糜岩 1.13 1.87 1.66 1.28 1.14 0.69 0.24 0.25 0.13 −0.38 0.61 0.47 DB13-1175-18 石英白云母糜棱片岩 1.05 1.71 1.63 1.22 1.16 0.71 0.10 0.19 0.15 −0.34 0.82 0.42 DB13-1175-20 白云母长英质糜棱岩 1.04 1.91 1.84 1.25 1.21 0.66 0.06 0.23 0.19 −0.42 0.89 0.51 DB13-1176-1 花岗质糜棱岩 1.27 1.78 1.41 1.31 1.04 0.74 0.69 0.27 0.03 −0.31 0.18 0.41 DB13-1176-11 花岗质初糜棱岩 1.29 1.78 1.38 1.32 1.02 0.74 0.77 0.28 0.02 −0.30 0.13 0.41 DB13-1176-13 糜棱岩化中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩 1.06 1.58 1.49 1.19 1.12 0.75 0.14 0.17 0.11 −0.28 0.76 0.35 
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表 2 十里韧性剪切带运动学涡度
Table 2. Kinematic vorticity data for the Shili ductile shear zone
样品编号 测量颗粒数 α/（°） υ/（°） Wk DB41-4241-1 46 16.3 45.0 0.71 DB13-1175-18 58 19.2 40.1 0.76 DB13-1175-20 56 17.2 42.2 0.74 DB13-1176-1 58 16.4 45.9 0.70 DB13-1176-11 54 19.4 38.6 0.78 DB13-1176-13 31 20.3 39.8 0.77 注：α为有限应变椭圆的长轴与剪切面之间的夹角；υ为主变形面2个特征向量的夹角；Wk为运动学涡度
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表 3 十里韧性剪切带白云母40Ar/39Ar阶段升温测年数据
Table 3. Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar step-heating geochronological data for the Shili ductile shear zone
阶段 T/℃ 36Ara 37Arca 38Arcl 39Ark 40Arr 年龄/Ma 误差2σ/Ma 40Ar/% 39Ar/% 样品编号：TW10-1176-1 白云母 样品重量=15.46 mg 照射参数J=0.00398010±0.00001990 1 700℃ 0.09299 0.0000000 0.634577 57.2790 2195.35 253.1 2.52 98.74 1.44 2 800℃ 2.11811 0.0000000 3.576786 265.7169 9811.06 232.5 0.95 93.61 6.67 3 840℃ 3.03193 0.0000000 5.549519 393.6615 14451.25 231.7 0.82 93.79 9.88 4 880℃ 4.32288 0.0000000 7.345234 520.7819 19190.96 231.5 0.77 93.33 13.07 5 920℃ 6.04426 0.0000000 8.656524 590.5360 22129.62 231.8 0.80 91.92 14.82 6 960℃ 7.29988 0.0000000 8.563680 558.6715 21376.94 231.5 0.83 89.90 14.02 7 1000℃ 9.25240 0.0000000 8.013721 483.8499 19319.83 230.7 0.90 85.84 12.15 8 1040℃ 12.05228 0.0000000 6.643168 348.8783 15441.45 229.3 1.16 76.92 8.76 9 1080℃ 7.74461 0.0000000 4.361738 236.6086 10431.43 231.6 1.50 78.05 5.94 10 1120℃ 12.65653 0.0000000 4.313819 160.1427 9314.91 234.1 2.21 59.84 4.02 11 1160℃ 10.99917 0.0000000 3.447678 122.2442 7534.32 235.6 2.77 56.85 3.07 12 1200℃ 13.67260 0.0000000 3.928635 108.3149 7816.15 234.4 3.38 48.30 2.72 13 1300℃ 15.33798 0.0000000 3.804958 79.7868 7291.23 232.6 5.11 37.83 2.00 14 1400℃ 12.10923 0.0000000 2.680966 57.3454 5479.13 223.6 5.72 34.69 1.44 坪年龄=232±2.3 Ma（MSWD=3.65）；反等时线年龄=231±2.3 Ma 注：36Ara代表来自大气的36Ar，用于校正大气混入的40Ar；37Arca代表来自钙（Ca） 的37Ar，由40Ca经中子照射生成，用于监测富钙矿物；38Arcl代表来自氯（Cl） 的38Ar，由37Cl经中子照射生成，用于监测富氯矿物或流体；39Ark代表来自钾（K） 的39Ar，由39K经中子照射生成，代表样品中K的含量；40Arr代表放射成因的40Ar，即由40K衰变产生的部分，是计算年龄的直接依据
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