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甘肃积石山县MS 6.2地震同震地质灾害发育特征与易发性评价

刘帅 何斌 王涛 刘甲美 曹佳文 王浩杰 张帅 李坤 李冉 张永军 窦晓东 吴中海 陈鹏 丰成君

刘帅, 何斌, 王涛, 等, 2024. 甘肃积石山县MS 6.2地震同震地质灾害发育特征与易发性评价. 地质力学学报, 30 (2): 314-331. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024009
引用本文: 刘帅, 何斌, 王涛, 等, 2024. 甘肃积石山县MS 6.2地震同震地质灾害发育特征与易发性评价. 地质力学学报, 30 (2): 314-331. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024009
LIU Shuai, HE Bin, WANG Tao, et al., 2024. Development characteristics and susceptibility assessment of coseismic geological hazards of Jishishan MS 6.2 earthquake, Gansu Province, China. Journal of Geomechanics, 30 (2): 314-331. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024009
Citation: LIU Shuai, HE Bin, WANG Tao, et al., 2024. Development characteristics and susceptibility assessment of coseismic geological hazards of Jishishan MS 6.2 earthquake, Gansu Province, China. Journal of Geomechanics, 30 (2): 314-331. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024009

甘肃积石山县MS 6.2地震同震地质灾害发育特征与易发性评价

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024009
基金项目: 

国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目 2022YFC3003505

国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目 2022YFC3004302

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20221738

国家自然科学基金项目 41572313

自然资源部科技人才工程资助项目 121106000000180039-2207

详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘帅(1997—),男,在读博士,研究方向为地质灾害危险性评价。Email:1048485867@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    王涛(1982—),男,研究员,主要从事地质灾害致灾机理与风险评估防控研究。Email: wangtaoig@cags.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P694;X43

Development characteristics and susceptibility assessment of coseismic geological hazards of Jishishan MS 6.2 earthquake, Gansu Province, China

Funds: 

the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFC3003505

the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFC3004302

the Geological Survey Projects of the China Geological Survey DD20221738

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41572313

Ministry of Natural Resources Science and Technology Talent Project Grant project 121106000000180039-2207

  • 摘要: 2023年12月18日,甘肃积石山县发生MS 6.2地震,诱发的同震地质灾害严重威胁到人民生命和财产安全,因此及时总结分析同震地质灾害发育规律并进行县域易发性评价,对支撑震后恢复重建至关重要。通过应急排查、野外调查与结果分析,对同震地质灾害发育特征进行分析总结;以震后排查的同震新增和加剧隐患点为分析样本,采用Pearson相关性系数与随机森林Gini系数分析方法,筛选了15个影响因子,并运用机器学习-随机森林模型对积石山县进行同震地质灾害易发性评价。结果表明,震区同震地质灾害总体发育程度不强,规模以小型为主,崩滑流地质灾害隐患可分为3大类、8个亚类,绝大部分分布在黄土丘陵区;积石山县同震地质灾害随机森林模型易发性评价(AUC=0.961)结果显示,极高易发区面积占比约8.67%,主要分布在胡林家乡、徐扈家乡、柳沟乡等乡镇,且县域及各乡镇易发性分级结构与隐患点密度分布吻合程度高。评价结果对已有排查隐患点以外的震裂山体或潜在崩滑流灾害具有重要指示作用,可为积石山县灾后恢复重建规划提供决策支撑,同时将Pearson相关性系数与随机森林Gini系数的影响因子筛选方法及机器学习模型——随机森林应用于易发性评价中,可为其他山地丘陵区地质灾害易发性评价提供参考。

     

  • 图  1  积石山县区域地质背景图(图件要素数据来源:活动断裂据震区活动断裂野外调查编绘;速报震中及余震数据来源:国家地震科学数据中心https://data.earthquake.cn/datashare;修正震中数据来源:房立华等,2023)

    a—积石山区域概况与震中位置;b—积石山地层分区与余震分布

    Figure  1.  Regional geological background map of Jishishan County; Source of map elements: active faults from field survey mapping of active faults in the seismic area; rapidly reported epicenter and aftershocks from National Earthquake Science Data Center https://data.earthquake.cn/datashare); correction of the epicenter from Fang et al., 2023

    (a) Overview of Jishishan area and epicenter location; (b) Stratigraphic division and aftershock distribution in the Jishishan area

    图  2  积石山县各乡镇同震地质灾害分布图

    Figure  2.  Distribution map of coseismic geological hazards in each township of Jishishan County

    图  3  积石山县17个乡镇同震地质灾害统计图(隐患点数量由高到低)

    Figure  3.  Statistical chart of coseismic geological hazards in 17 townships of Jishishan County (number of hidden danger points from high to low)

    图  4  震区典型崩塌

    a—切坡建房黄土崩塌(镜向东);b—切坡修路黄土崩塌(镜向北东);c—高位黄土崩塌左侧边界(镜向南西);d—高位黄土崩塌典型危岩体(镜向西);e—典型高位黄土崩塌全貌(镜向北西);f—高位岩质崩塌碎屑流(镜向西);g—高位岩质崩塌崩积物(镜向北东);h—高位岩质崩塌危岩体(镜向北东)

    Figure  4.  Photos of typical collapses in the seismic zone

    (a) Loess collapse of house built on cut-slope (oriented towards east); (b) Loess collapse of road built on cut-slope (oriented towards northeast); (c) Left boundary of high-position loess collapse (oriented towards southwest); (d) Typical dangerous rock mass of high-position loess collapse (oriented towards west); (e) Overall view of typical high-position loess collapse (oriented towards northwest); (f) Debris flow of high-position rocky collapse (oriented towards west); (g) Debris of high-position rocky collapse (oriented towards northeast); (h) Dangerous rock mass of high-position rocky collapse (oriented towards northeast)

    图  5  震区典型滑坡

    a—黄土滑坡全貌(镜向北东);b—下伏泥岩黄土滑坡(镜向南西);c—砂泥岩滑坡全貌(镜向北东);d—砂泥岩滑坡次级滑体(镜向北东);e—潜在滑坡右侧变形特征(镜向南西);f—潜在滑坡左侧变形特征(镜向北东);g—潜在滑坡边界俯视全貌

    Figure  5.  Photos of typical landslides in the seismic zone

    (a) Loess landslide overview (oriented towards the northeast); (b) Loess landslide lying on mudstone (oriented towards the southwest); (c) Sand-mudstone landslide overview (oriented towards the northeast); (d) Secondary sliding body of sand-mudstone landslide (oriented towards the northeast); (e) Deformation features on the right side of potential landslide (oriented towards the southwest); (f) Deformation features on the left side of potential landslide (oriented towards the northeast); (g) Aerial view of the boundary of potential landslide

    图  6  震区典型泥石流

    a—沟谷型泥石流(镜向南);b—坡面型泥石流(镜向北西)

    Figure  6.  Photos of typical debris flows in the seismic zone

    (a) Gully-type debris flow (oriented towards the south); (b) Slope-type debris flow (oriented towards the northwest)

    图  7  随机森林算法流程图

    Figure  7.  Flow chart of Random Forest Algorithm

    图  8  Pearson相关系数热力图

    Figure  8.  Heatmap for Pearson correlation coefficients

    图  9  随机森林Gini系数

    Figure  9.  Gini coefficient for Random Forest Algorithm

    图  10  各因子与同震地质灾害分布图

    a—高程与同震灾害分布图;b—坡度与同震灾害分布图;c—坡向与同震灾害分布图;d—平面曲率与同震灾害分布图;e—剖面曲率与同震灾害分布图;f—归一化植被指数(NDVI)与同震灾害分布图;g—归一化建筑指数(NDBI)与同震灾害分布图;h—水体指数(SPI)与同震灾害分布图;i—地层岩性与同震灾害分布图;j—土地利用类型与同震灾害分布图;k—地震动峰值加速度(PGA)与同震灾害分布图;l—距一级河流距离与同震灾害分布图;m—距二级河流距离与同震灾害分布图;n—距一级道路距离与同震灾害分布图;o—距二级道路距离与同震灾害分布图

    Figure  10.  Distribution of each factor and coseismic geological hazards

    (a) Elevation and distribution of coseismic hazards; (b) Slope and distribution of coseismic hazards; (c) Aspect and distribution of coseismic hazards; (d) Plan curvature and distribution of coseismic hazards; (e) Profile curvature and distribution of coseismic hazards; (f) NDVI and distribution of coseismic hazards; (g) NDBI and distribution of coseismic hazards; (h) SPI and distribution of coseismic hazards; (i) Stratigraphic lithology and distribution of coseismic hazards; (j) Land-use type and distribution of coseismic hazards; (k) PGA and distribution of coseismic hazards; (l) Distance from the primary rivers and distribution of coseismic hazards; (m) Distance from secondary rivers and distribution of coseismic hazards; (n) Distance from primary roads and distribution of coseismic hazards; (o) Distance from secondary roads and distribution of coseismic hazards

    图  11  各因子与同震灾害分布统计图

    a—高程与同震灾害分布统计图;b—坡度与同震灾害分布统计图;c—坡向与同震灾害分布统计图;d—平面曲率与同震灾害分布统计图;e—剖面曲率与同震灾害分布统计图;f—归一化植被指数(NDVI)与同震灾害分布统计图;g—归一化建筑指数(NDBI)与同震灾害分布统计图;h—水体指数(SPI)与同震灾害分布统计图;i—地层岩性与同震灾害分布统计图;j—土地利用类型与同震灾害分布统计图;k—地震动峰值加速度(PGA)与同震灾害分布统计图;l—距一级河流距离与同震灾害分布统计图;m—距二级河流距离与同震灾害分布统计图;n—距一级道路距离与同震灾害分布统计图;o—距二级道路距离与同震灾害分布统计图

    Figure  11.  Distribution of each factor and coseismic hazards

    (a) Elevation and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (b) Slope and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (c) Aspect and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (d) Plan curvature and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (e) Profile curvature and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (f) NDVI and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (g) NDBI and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (h) SPI and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (i) Stratigraphic lithology and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (j) Land-use type and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (k) PGA and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (l) Distance from primary rivers and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (m) Distance from secondary rivers and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (n) Distance from primary roads and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics; (o) Distance from secondary roads and distribution of coseismic hazard statistics

    图  12  影响因子特征重要性

    Figure  12.  Feature importance of influencing factors

    图  13  积石山县同震地质灾害易发性评价结果图

    Figure  13.  Seismic geological hazard susceptibility assessment results of Jishishan County

    图  14  积石山县易发性评价结果ROC曲线

    Figure  14.  ROC curve of susceptibility assessment results in Jishishan County

    图  15  积石山县不同易发性等级面积占比与隐患点数量占比及密度统计图

    Figure  15.  Statistical chart of area proportion of different susceptibility levels, number proportion of hidden danger points, and density in Jishishan County

    图  16  积石山县各乡镇易发性分区面积占比统计图(极高易发区面积占比由高到低)

    Figure  16.  Statistical map of the proportion of susceptibility areas in Jishishan County (Proportion of extremely high susceptibility areas is from high to low)

    表  1  初选影响因子数据来源说明表

    Table  1.   Data source for initial influence factors

    序号 分类 要素 致灾指示意义、数据说明及处理方法
    1~6 地形地貌 坡度、坡向、高程、平面曲率、剖面曲率、起伏度 指示坡体几何形态属性,基于ALOS DEM(12.5 m分辨率)
    7 地层岩性 地层岩性分区 指示斜坡岩土体的物理力学强度特征,基于1∶20万地质图(公开版)
    8~9 河流 距一级河流距离、距二级河流距离 指示坡脚侵蚀及坡体的水文地质特征,使用1∶25万基础地理信息数据
    10~11 道路 距一级道路距离、距二级道路距离 指示人类工程活动对斜坡破环的影响,使用1∶25万基础地理信息数据
    12 地震 地震动峰值加速度(PGA) 指示地震震动效应对斜坡破坏的影响,基于实测地震烈度台站记录,采用考虑断层距的地震动峰值加速度经验衰减关系(肖亮,2012)拟合计算生成,1 km栅格
    13 地质构造 距断层距离 指示地质体结构破碎及对地质灾害发育的影响,基于震区活动断裂野外调查编测
    14~15 环境地质特征 水流强度指数(SPI)、地形湿度指数(TWI) 指示影响斜坡发育的水文环境地质特征,基于ALOS DEM(12.5 m分辨率)栅格计算生成
    16 修正归一化水体指数(MNDWI) 指示影响斜坡发育的水文环境地质特征,基于landsat8遥感影响数据,30 m分辨率
    17~18 土地利用类型、归一化建筑指数(NDBI) 指示影响斜坡发育的人类活动环境地质特征,基于landsat8遥感影响数据,30 m分辨率
    19 归一化植被指数(NDVI) 指示影响斜坡发育的自然环境地质特征,基于landsat8遥感影响数据,30 m分辨率
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-01-20
  • 修回日期:  2024-01-30
  • 录用日期:  2024-01-31
  • 预出版日期:  2024-01-31
  • 刊出日期:  2024-04-28

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