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太原抽水蓄能电站关键部位地应力状态及其在枢纽工程布设中的应用

白金朋 董延安 甘俊 赵晓阳 李红利 柴宝

白金朋,董延安,甘俊,等,2023. 太原抽水蓄能电站关键部位地应力状态及其在枢纽工程布设中的应用[J]. 地质力学学报,29(3):375−387 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232907
引用本文: 白金朋,董延安,甘俊,等,2023. 太原抽水蓄能电站关键部位地应力状态及其在枢纽工程布设中的应用[J]. 地质力学学报,29(3):375−387 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232907
BAI J P,DONG Y A,GAN J,et al.,2023. In-situ stress state in critical areas of the Taiyuan pumped storage power station and its application in pivot project layout[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,29(3):375−387 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232907
Citation: BAI J P,DONG Y A,GAN J,et al.,2023. In-situ stress state in critical areas of the Taiyuan pumped storage power station and its application in pivot project layout[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,29(3):375−387 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232907

太原抽水蓄能电站关键部位地应力状态及其在枢纽工程布设中的应用

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232907
详细信息
    作者简介:

    白金朋(1987—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地应力测量、水电工程稳定性评价等研究工作。E-mail:baijp@bjy.powerchina.cn

  • 中图分类号: P315.72+7

In-situ stress state in critical areas of the Taiyuan pumped storage power station and its application in pivot project layout

  • 摘要:

    采用水压致裂地应力测试技术,开展了山西太原抽水蓄能电站工程2个孔(孔深500 m和520 m)的地应力测试工作,获得了工程区关键部位地应力状态,分析了工程区的地应力水平、地下建筑布设方式和衬砌形式。结果表明:工程区最大水平主应力为10.98~18.09 MPa,最小水平主应力为6.79~11.32 MPa,垂直主应力9.61~13.57 MPa;与山西省南北两端“南高北低”地应力值相比,此次测值处于两者之间,与沁水盆地地应力场模拟值相比,测试结果基本一致;垂直应力介于最大水平主应力和最小水平主应力之间(SH>Sv>Sh),即测点的最大水平应力即最大主应力,且处于走滑型应力状态,其侧压系数Kav为0.92~1.09,反映出工程区构造作用不强烈;2个钻孔330 ~506 m范围内岩石饱和单轴抗压强度(Rb)为35.00~107.00 MPa,平均为63.79 MPa,岩石饱和单轴抗压强度与最大主应力比值(Rb/σm)为3.54~5.81,属于中—高应力水平;工程区最大水平主应力方向为NE 43°—NE 70.5°,平均为NE 59.5°,与区域震源机制解、GPS位移资料研究结果一致;从地应力方位考虑,地下厂房长轴线方向位于NE 29.5°—NE 89.5°之间,有利于厂房的围岩稳定;地下枢纽工程最大水头PH约为4.62 MPa,小于最小主应力值σ3(6.79~11.32 MPa),基于水力劈裂准则可知,岩体本身具有足够抵抗最大内水压力能力,输水隧洞采用钢筋混凝土衬砌,能够满足输水隧洞的稳定性。该研究成果可在抽水蓄能电站工程勘察、设计中推广使用。

     

  • 图  1  工程区及其周缘区域地质构造特征

    Ⅰ—鄂尔多斯断块隆起区;Ⅱ—吕梁山断块隆起区,Ⅲ—汾渭断陷带;Ⅲ1—大同断陷盆地;Ⅲ2—忻定断陷盆地;Ⅲ3—晋中新裂陷−太原断陷盆地;Ⅲ4—韩侯岭横向隆起;Ⅳ—太行山断块隆起区;Ⅳ1—恒山、五台山隆起区;Ⅳ2—晋东南太行山隆起区;Ⅳ3—太岳山隆起区;Ⅲ5—临汾断陷盆地

    Figure  1.  Geological and tectonic characteristics of the project area and its surrounding area

    Ⅰ–Erdos block upwarping; Ⅱ–Lyuliangshan block upwarping, Ⅲ–Fenwei fault depression basin; Ⅲ1–Datong fault basin; Ⅲ2–Xining fault basin; Ⅲ3–New Rift zone–Taiyuan fault basin in central Shanxi; Ⅲ4–Hanhouling transverse uplift; Ⅳ–Taihangshan fault block upwarping; Ⅳ1–Hengshan–Wutaishan uplift zone; Ⅳ2–Taihangshan uplift zone in southeastern Shanxi; Ⅳ3 –Taiyueshan uplift area; Ⅲ5–Linfen fault basin

    图  2  抽水蓄能电站工程区地层岩性及枢纽设施布设示意图

    a—抽水蓄能电站工程区地层岩性示意图;b—抽水蓄能电站工程枢纽设施布设示意图

    Figure  2.  Schematic diagram of formation lithology and layout of hub facilities in the engineering area of pumped storage power station

    (a) Schematic diagram of stratum lithology in the project area of the pumped storage power station; (b) Schematic diagram of the pivot facility layout of the pumped storage power station

    图  3  单回路水压致裂地应力测试系统示意图

    1—封隔栓塞组件卸压装置;2—无水钻孔;3—封隔栓塞组件;4—压裂测试段;5—推拉开关;6—钻杆;7—钻机;8—钻塔;9—钢丝绳;10—提升器;11—数据线;12—笔记本电脑;13—高压泵;14—水箱;15—电子流量计;16—高压泵泵头、压力表;17—数字压力计;18—高压管路;19—钻杆接头

    Figure  3.  Schematic diagram of single-loop hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress test system

    1−pressure relief device for packers; 2−waterless borehole; 3−packers; 4−fracturing test section; 5−push-pull switch; 6−drill pipe; 7−drill rig; 8−drill tower; 9−steel wire rope; 10−hoist; 11−data line; 12−laptop; 13−pump; 14−water tank; 15−flowmeter; 16−pump head/pressure gauge; 17−digital pressure gauge; 18−pipeline; 19−drill pipe connector

    图  4  干孔水压致裂地应力测试卸压装置结构示意图

    110—过水支撑端子;111—轴向过水孔;112—紧固卡台;114—中部环形限位台阶;115—底部环形支撑台阶;120—上限位套筒;121—扳手卡台;122—无螺纹泄水孔;130—承重弹簧;140—镀铬芯轴;141—轴向过水孔;142—径向过水孔;150—中间连接件;151—“O”型密封圈;160—下部过水连接件;161—“O”型密封圈;162—过水孔

    Figure  4.  Schematic diagram of the pressure relief device structure for dry pore hydraulic fracturing stress test

    110–water-through support terminal; 111–axial water-through hole; 112–fastening card; 114–middle ring limit step; 115–bottom ring support step; 120–upper limit sleeve; 121–wrench clip; 122–threadless drain hole; 130–load-bearing spring; 140–chrome mandrel; 141–axial water-through hole; 142–radial water-through hole; 150–middle connector; 151–“O”-type seal ring; 160–lower water-through connector; 161–“O”-type seal ring. 162–water-through hole

    图  5  水压致裂压力及瞬时流量测试曲线

    Figure  5.  Curves of hydraulic fracturing stress and instantaneous flow

    图  6  主应力随深度变化曲线

    Figure  6.  Principal stress curves with depth

    图  7  侧压系数随深度变化曲线(据杨树新等,2012修改)

    Figure  7.  Lateral pressure coefficient with depth (modified from Yang et al. 2012)

    图  8  工程区岩石饱和抗压强度与深度的关系

    Figure  8.  Relation between saturated compressive strength and depth of rocks in the project area

    图  9  工程区及邻区区域应力场分布与震源机制解特征

    Figure  9.  Distribution of stress fields and focal mechanism solution in the project and adjacent areas

    表  1  地应力测试结果

    Table  1.   In-situ stress test results

    孔号测段位置/m主应力值/MPa最大水平与垂直
    主应力比值KHv
    最小水平与垂直
    主应力比值Khv
    最大与最小水平
    主应力比值KHh
    侧压系数
    Kav
    最大水平
    主应力SH方向
    最大水平
    主应力SH
    最小水平
    主应力Sh
    垂直主应力
    Sv
    ZK01355.710.986.799.611.140.711.620.92
    370.512.177.1310.011.220.711.710.96NE43°
    388.912.737.6110.511.210.721.670.97
    453.617.059.7512.261.390.801.751.09
    472.217.0310.1312.761.330.791.681.06NE65°
    480.218.0910.0112.971.390.771.801.08
    ZK02421.512.128.4211.391.060.741.440.90
    438.614.498.8911.861.220.751.630.99
    467.415.489.3812.631.230.741.650.98
    493.515.549.5413.341.170.721.630.94NE70.5°
    497.316.6710.1713.441.240.761.641.00
    502.117.6211.3213.571.300.831.561.07
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  岩体应力分级表

    Table  2.   Initial stress classification of rock mass

    应力分级最大主应力值σm/MPa岩石强度应力比Rbm
    极高地应力σm≥40<2
    高地应力 20≤σm<402~4
    中等地应力10≤σm<204~7
    低地应力 σm<10>7
    注:Rb为岩石饱和单轴抗压强度,MPa;σm为最大主应力,MPa
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  工程区地应力水平综合评判结果

    Table  3.   Evaluation results of in-situ stress level in the project area

    测段深度/m岩性σm/MPa地应力水平$ \overline{{R}_{\mathrm{b}}} $/MPaRbm地应力水平综合地应力水平
    355.7灰岩10.98中等地应力63.795.81中等地应力中等地应力
    370.5灰岩12.17中等地应力63.795.24中等地应力中等地应力
    388.9灰岩12.73中等地应力63.795.01中等地应力中等地应力
    453.6灰岩17.05中等地应力63.793.74高地应力 高地应力 
    472.2灰岩17.03中等地应力63.793.75高地应力 高地应力 
    480.2灰岩18.01中等地应力63.793.54高地应力 高地应力 
    421.5灰岩12.12中等地应力63.795.26中等地应力中等地应力
    438.6灰岩14.49中等地应力63.794.40中等地应力中等地应力
    467.4灰岩15.48中等地应力63.794.12中等地应力中等地应力
    493.5灰岩15.54中等地应力63.794.10中等地应力中等地应力
    497.3灰岩16.67中等地应力63.793.83高地应力 高地应力 
    502.1灰岩17.62中等地应力63.793.62高地应力 高地应力 
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-02-28
  • 修回日期:  2023-05-19
  • 录用日期:  2023-05-26

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