煤矿深部开采动力灾害区域应力效应监测与前兆特征研究

吴浩源; 赵延冰; 杨永; 夏磊; 孙源源

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232905

煤矿深部开采动力灾害区域应力效应监测与前兆特征研究

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.20232905

吴浩源^1,,
赵延冰²,
杨永²,
夏磊²,
孙源源^3, ,

1.
北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083
2.
山东兖州煤业股份有限公司鲍店煤矿，山东邹城 273500
3.
兖矿能源集团股份有限公司，山东邹城 273500

基金项目: 山东省科技重大创新项目（2019SDZY02，2019SDYZ05）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴浩源（1988—），男，博士，主要从事矿山深部开采动力灾害等方面的研究工作。E-mail: haoyuanwucumt@163.com

通讯作者:
孙源源（1987—），男，工程师，主要从事矿山建设工作。E-mail: mygcjdzx@ykjt.cn

中图分类号: TD 32；P315.72+7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-20
- 修回日期: 2023-05-05
- 录用日期: 2023-05-11

Regional stress effect monitoring and precursory characteristics of dynamic disasters in deep coal mining

1.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Baodian Coal Mine, Shandong Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., Ltd, Zoucheng 273500, Shandong, China
3.
Yankuang Engergy Group Company Limited, Zoucheng 273500, Shandong, China

Funds: This research is financially supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province (Grants 2019SDZY02 and 2019SDYZ05).

摘要

摘要:
动力灾害的孕育及诱发与区域应力场的力学行为密切相关，煤矿开采扰动作用下区域局部应力场不断调整变化。为了研究区域应力场变化特征对动力灾害的前兆响应，采用变分模态分解和希尔伯特变换的方法对鲍店煤矿采集数据进行时频分析，识别和提取钻孔应变数据中反映动力异常变化的固有模态分量。研究结果表明，钻孔应变观测数据能够有效记录开采扰动相关区域岩体内部的微小变化，解析原始数据滤去干扰信号后获得表征动力异常的特定频段，分解变换后固有模态分量异常波动特征早于动压事件前2~7天出现，表现出形变稳定变化阶段向快速变化阶段“突跳”、形变快速变化阶段 “震荡”以及失稳阶段“跌落”的显著特征。依据地震形变三阶段理论，判别动力灾害发生前形变异常开始时刻和“突跳”—“震荡”—“跌落”作为煤矿动力灾害发生的前兆判据。基于钻孔应变仪对区域应力场的精确观测，构建了应用于煤矿动力灾害超前预警的判据方法，可为煤矿相似开采环境下工作面的安全高效回采提供借鉴和参考。
- 动力灾害 /
- 变分模态分解 /
- 钻孔应变 /
- 希尔伯特变换 /
- 前兆特征
Abstract:
Dynamic disaster formation and triggering are closely related to the mechanical behavior of the regional stress field. The regional local stress field is continuously adjusted and changed under the effect of coal mining disturbance. In order to study the precursor response of regional stress field change to dynamic disasters, we used the analytical methods of variational modal decomposition and Hilbert transform to perform time-frequency analysis on the data collected from the Baodian coal mine and to identify and extract the intrinsic modal function (IMF) components reflecting the abnormal dynamic changes in the borehole strain data. The results show that the borehole strain observation data can effectively record the small changes inside the rock mass related to the mining disturbance. After decomposition and transformation, the abnormal fluctuation characteristics of IMF components appear two days before the dynamic pressure event, which is characterized by a “sudden jump” from the stage of stable deformation to the stage of rapid change, “shock” in the stage of rapid deformation change and “drop” in the stage of instability. According to the three-stage theory of seismic deformation, the normal starting time of deformation before the occurrence of dynamic disasters and the “sudden jump-shock-fall” are used as the precursor criteria for the occurrence of coal mine dynamic disasters. Based on the accurate observation of the regional stress field by borehole strainmeter, a criterion method applied to the warning of coal mine power hazards is constructed, which can provide a reference for the safe and efficient recovery of working faces under similar mining environments in coal mines.
- dynamic disaster /
- variational mode decomposition /
- borehole strain /
- Hilbert transform /
- precursory characteristics

HTML全文

图 1 鲍店煤矿73_上11工作面邻近关系示意图（海拔 –546.8 m）

Figure 1. Neighboring relationship diagram of the working face position (The altitude is −546.8 m)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 时频解析前钻孔应变仪采集原始数据曲线

Figure 2. Raw data curves by the borehole strainmeter before time-frequency analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 5月1日—5月31日钻孔应变数据VMD分解曲线图

Figure 3. VMD decomposition curves (IMF1—IMF13 ) of borehole strain data from May 1^st to May 31^st

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 降噪前后对比效果图

Figure 4. Comparison diagram before and after noise reduction

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图 5 5月1日—5月31日重构分量动力异常响应幅值和能量时程变化

Figure 5. Dynamic anomaly response amplitude and energy time–history change of reconstructed components from May 4^th to May 31^st

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 9月22日—10月13日重构分量动力异常响应幅值和能量时程变化

Figure 6. Dynamic anomaly response amplitude and energy time–history change of reconstructed components from September 22^nd to October 13^rd

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 地震形变三阶段物理模型（宋治平等，2004）

Figure 7. Three-stage physical model of seismic deformation (Song et al., 2004)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 钻孔应变数据VMD分量频率周期表

Table 1. Frequency periodic table of VMD component of borehole strain data

IMF	1	2	3	4	5	6
频率/Hz	3.98×10⁻³	2.62×10⁻³	1.19×10⁻³	6.64×10⁻⁴	3.17×10⁻⁴	2.41×10⁻⁴
周期/h	0.07	0.10	0.23	0.41	0.89	1.15
IMF	7	8	9	10	11	12
频率/Hz	1.53×10⁻⁴	6.37×10⁻⁵	2.24×10⁻⁵	1.16×10⁻⁵	1.51×10⁻⁶	7.49×10⁻⁷
周期/h	1.8	4.3	12.4	23.9	185	370

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 5月份形变异常前兆模式特征表

Table 2. Characteristics of deformation anomaly precursory mode in May

发生时间	形变异常开始时间	应力调整持续时间	表现形式
5月21日	5月11日	10 d	“震荡”+“突跳”
5月26日	5月24日	2 d	“震荡”
5月29日	5月27日	2 d	“突跳”+“震荡”

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 10月份形变异常前兆模式特征表

Table 3. Characteristics of deformation anomaly precursory mode in October

发生时间	形变异常开始时间	应力调整持续时间	表现形式
9月24日	9月22日	2 d	“突跳”
10月4日	9月27日	7 d	“突跳”
10月11日	10月6日	5 d	“突跳”+“震荡”

下载: 导出CSV

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