Abstract: Anticline is one of a geological structure that absorb the shortening deformation of the earth's crust in the active compressional tectonic area, the seismogeological disaster caused by fold-related fault, fold scarp, anticlinal limb tilting and shortening of geological body in active anticline is an issues of concern for science and engineering. The study of active structures in the fold area shows that the active anticline since the late Quaternary is a complex structural system, which reflects various types of tectonic deformation combinations produced by compression. This paper is based on the introduction of the theories of reverse fault-related folds, fold-related faults, fold scarps, uplift and lateral propagation of anticlines, combined with the structural deformation examples of typical active anticlines in China, such as main thrust fault, back reverse fault, bending moment fault, flexural-slip fault, conjugate shear fault and fold scarp, this paper discusses the structures failure by various active faults in anticlinal area. In particular, the problems of seismic and geological disasters caused by the tilting of engineering sites located at the both limbs and tips of an active anticline in the uplifting process, shortening and lateral propagation. And the potential seismogeological disaster problems caused by the shortening and bending deformation of folds for the major linear engineering across the active anticline.