Late Quateranry paleoseismicity of the Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin
-
摘要: 柴达木盆地北缘断裂带是青藏高原北部的一条区域性活动断裂带，构成了柴达木盆地北部和祁连山的边界断裂，研究其第四纪晚期古地震活动对于理解柴达木盆地北缘断裂带地震复发周期、地震危险性等具有重要意义。通过地质考察、遥感解译、探槽开挖及OSL地质测年、古地震期次分析等，对柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)古地震事件进行了研究。研究表明：探槽剖面共揭露了5次比较可靠的古地震事件，发震时间分别为：事件E1距今约60 a；事件E2 3.1±0.3~3.4±0.3 ka；事件E3 7.5±0.3~8.1±0.3 ka；事件E4 10.1±0.4~11.4±0.4 ka；事件E5 12.1±0.4~12.8±0.4 ka。利用古地震逐次限定法认为柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)地震复发周期为2.6~3.4 ka。阿木尼克山段最新离逝时间为60年前，锡铁山段最新离逝时间为3.1±0.3 ka，分析认为柴达木盆地北缘断裂锡铁山段未来遭遇破坏性地震的可能性大于阿木尼克山段。该结果可以更好地了解柴达木盆地北缘断裂的古地震期次、复发间隔等，对地震预报预测及评价该断裂未来地震危险性具有一定的指导意义。
-
关键词:
- 柴达木盆地北缘断裂 /
- 锡铁山-阿木尼克山段 /
- 古地震 /
- 最近离逝时间 /
- 复发间隔
Abstract:Objective The northern margin fault zone of the Qaidam Basin is a regional active fault zone in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, forming the boundary fault of the northern Qaidam Basin and the Qilian Mountains. Studying its late Quaternary paleoseismic activity is of great significance for understanding the seismic recurrence cycle and seismic hazard of the northern margin fault zone of the Qaidam Basin. Methods Through geological survey, remote sensing interpretation, trench excavation, OSL geological dating, and analysis of paleoseismic events, the paleoseismic events of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin (Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section) were studied. Conclusion The study reveals that the trench profiles exposed five relatively reliable paleoseismic events, with occurrence times of approximately 60 years ago for Event E1, 3.1±0.3 to 3.4±0.3 ka for Event E2, 7.5±0.3 to 8.1±0.3 ka for Event E3, 10.1±0.4 to 11.4±0.4 ka for Event E4, and 12.1±0.4 to 12.8±0.4 ka for Event E5. Using the paleoseismic incremental limiting method, the seismic recurrence cycle of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin (Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section) is estimated to be 2.6 to 3.4 ka. The most recent event departure time for the Amunikeshan section is 60 years ago, and for the Xitieshan section, it is 3.1±0.3 ka, suggesting a higher likelihood of destructive earthquakes in the future for the Xitieshan section compared to the Amunikeshan section of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin. Significance This result can provide a better understanding of the paleoseismic events, recurrence intervals, and other aspects of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin, which has guiding significance for seismic forecasting, prediction, and evaluation of future seismic hazards of this fault. -
图 1 研究区活动构造简图(地震数据引自中国地震局地震监测司，断裂数据袁道阳，2003；庞炜等，2015；姚生海等，2020；曾洵，2019；董金元等，2019)
ZWLSF—宗务隆山断裂；ZWLSSF—宗务隆山南缘断裂；DCDF—大柴旦断裂；DCD-TSHF—大柴旦-托素湖断裂；TSH-GHF—托素湖-尕海断裂；TSH-MNSF—托素湖-牦牛山断裂；LLSF—绿梁山断裂；XTSF—锡铁山断裂；AMNKSF—阿木尼克山断裂
a—研究区在青藏高原的位置；b—研究区地震构造简图Figure 1. Simplified tectonic map of the study area (seismic data from China Earthquake Administration; fault data from Yuan, 2003; Pang et al., 2015; Yao et al., 2020; Zeng, 2019; Dong et al., 2019)
(a)Location of the study area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; (b) Seismic tectonic diagram of the study area
ZWLSF-Zongwulongshan fault; ZWLSSF-Zongwulongshan south margin fault; DCDF-Dachaidan fault; DCD-TSHF-Dachaidan-Tuosuhu fault; TSH-GHF-Tuosuhu-Gahai fault; TSH-MNSF-Tuosuhu-Maoniushan fault; LLSF-Lvliangshan fault; XTSF-Xitieshan fault; AMNKSF-Amunikeshan fault
图 2 柴达木盆地北缘断裂地质构造图(锡铁山-阿木尼克山段)
Figure 2. Geological structural map of the northern margin fault of the Qaidam Basin (Xitieshan-Amunikeshan section)
图 3 锡铁山镇西影像及断错地貌(红色箭头为陡坎位置)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 3. Images of the west of Xitieshan Town and the faulted landform (Red arrows indicate the scarp position)
(a)Image map; (b)Fault scarp
图 4 锡铁山镇西探槽(TC1)剖面图及解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 4. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC1 in western Xitieshan Town
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
图 5 锡铁山镇东探槽(TC2)剖面图及解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—充填楔；c—剖面解译图
Figure 5. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC2 in eastern Xitieshan Town
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Fault wedge; (c) Interpretation map of the section
图 6 全集河东考察点影像(红色箭头为陡坎位置)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 6. Images of the inspection points in east Quanjihe (Red arrows indicate the fault scarp)
(a)Image map; (b)Fault scarp
图 7 全集河东探槽(TC3)剖面图及解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 7. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC3 in eastern Xitieshan Town
(b)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
图 8 全集河东探槽(TC3)断错地层细部特征(红色箭头指断裂位置；白色虚线指充填楔)
a—断层充填楔；b—断层充填楔及张裂缝；c—张裂缝及地层揉曲变形
Figure 8. Detailed characteristics of faulted strata in Trench TC3 in eastern Quanjihe (Red arrows indicate the location of the fracture; white dashed lines refer to the filled wedge)
(a) Fault filled wedge; (b)Fault filled wedge and tension cracks; (c) Tension cracks and strata folding deformation
图 9 TC4附近影像图与断层陡坎(红色箭头为陡坎位置，白色箭头为断裂运动方向，标高指陡坎高度)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 9. Image map and fault scarps near TC4 (Red arrows indicate the scarp position, white arrows indicate the direction of fracture movement, and elevations refer to the height of the scarp)
(a)Image map; (b)Fault scarp
图 10 阿木尼克山探槽剖面图和解译图(TC4)
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 10. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC4 in the Amunikeshan section
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
图 11 阿木尼克山探槽(TC4)断错地层细部特征(红色箭头指断层位置，黄色外框箭头指断裂运动方向)
a—走滑断面；b—逆冲兼走滑断面；c—逆冲断面
Figure 11. Detailed characteristics of faulted strata in Trench TC4 in the Amunikeshan section (Red arrows indicate the scarp position; yellow outlined arrows indicate the direction of fault movement)
(a) Strike-slip section; (b)Thrust and strike-slip section; (c)Thrust section
图 12 阿木尼克山探槽TC5附近影像图和断层陡坎(红色箭头为陡坎位置，标高指陡坎高度)
a—影像图；b—断层陡坎
Figure 12. Image map and fault scarps near TC5 in the Amunikeshan section (Red arrows indicate the scarp position; elevations refer to the height of the scarp)
(a)Image map; (b) Fault scarp
图 13 阿木尼克山探槽(TC5)剖面图和解译图
a—探槽剖面图；b—剖面解译图
Figure 13. Section and interpretation maps of Trench TC5 in the Amunikeshan section
(a)Section map of the trench; (b) Interpretation map of the section
-
DENG Q D, FENG X Y, YANG X P, et al., 1994. Study on holocene paleoearthquakes by Large Trench in the Manas-Tugulu reverse Fault and fold zone along Northern Margin of the Tianshan Mountain, in Xinjiang[M]//Research on active fault(3). Beijing: Seismological Press: 1-17. (in Chinese) DENG Q D, WEN X Z, 2008. A review on the research of active tectonics: History, progress and suggestions[J]. Seismology and Geology, 30(1): 1-30. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2008.01.002 DING G Y, 1982. Paleoearthquake sign problem[M]//Active faults in China. Beijing: Seismological Press: 276-281. (in Chinese) DONG J Y, LI C Y, ZHENG W J, et al., 2019. Geomorphic features and late quaternary slip rate of the southern Zongwulong Shan fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 41(2): 341-362. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2019.02.006 GAI H L, YAO S H, YANG L P, et al., 2021. Characteristics and causes of coseismic surface rupture triggered by the "5.22" MS7.4 Earthquake in Maduo, Qinghai, and their significance[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 27(6): 899-912. (in Chinese with English abstract) GAO Y P, LIU J, HAN L F, et al., 2023. Discussion on the magnitude or intensity limitation of paleoearthquake events[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 29(5): 704-719. (in Chinese with English abstract) LIU G X, MENG F X, XIAO Z M, et al., 1982. Discussion on ancient earthquake relics and related issues in Xunbao village, Hongdong county, Shanxi province[M]//Active faults in China. Beijing: Seismological Press: 291-300. (in Chinese) LIU X L, YUAN D Y, 2004. Study on the new active features of Bayinguole River active fault, Delingha, Qinghai Province[J]. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 26(4): 303-308. (in Chinese with English abstract) MA Y S, ZHANG Y S, HU D G, et al., 2010. The surface ruptures and the macroscopical epicenter of Yushu MS7.1 earthquake[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 16(2): 115-128. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2010.02.002 MAO F Y, ZHANG P Z, 1995. Progressive constraining method in paleoseismic study and paleoearthquakes along the major active faults in northern Xinjiang[M]//Institute of Geology SSB. Research on active fault(4). Beijing: Seismological Press Beijing: 153-164. (in Chinese) PANG W, HE W G, YUAN D Y, et al., 2015. Paleoseismic characteristics of dachaidan fault in Qinghai[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 37(3): 87-103. (in Chinese with English abstract) RAN Y K, 1997. Detailed research of paleoearthquakes at several typical regions in China and exploration of recurrence behavior of large earthquakes[D]. Beijing: Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administrator. (in Chinese with English abstract) RAN Y K, DENG Q D, 1999. History, status and trend about the research of paleoseismology[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(10): 880-889. doi: 10.1007/BF02885057 RAN Y K, WANG H, LI Y B, et al., 2012a. Key techniques and several cases analysis in paleoseismic studies in mainland China(1): Trenching sites, layouts and paleoseismic indicators on active strike-slip faults[J]. Seismology and Geology, 34(2): 197-210. (in Chinese with English abstract) RAN Y K, CHEN L C, CHEN W S, et al., 2012b. Key techniques and several cases analysis in paleoseismic studies in mainland China (2): Surface deformation characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake and paleoseismic indicators on fold-reverse fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 34(3): 385-400. (in Chinese with English abstract) RAN Y K, WANG H, ZHANG P Z, et al., 2013. Techniques and methods of paleoseismic studies[M]//DING Z L. Methods of research in solid earth sciences. Beijing: Science Press: 258-275. (in Chinese) RAN Y K, LI Y B, DU P, et al., 2014a. Key techniques and several cases analysis in paleoseismic studies in mainland China (3): Rupture characteristics, environment impact and paleoseismic indicators on normal faults[J]. Seismology and Geology, 36(2): 287-301. (in Chinese with English abstract) RAN Y K, WANG H, YANG H L, et al., 2014b. Key techniques and several cases analysis in paleoseismic studies in mainland China (4): Sampling and event analysis of paleoseismic dating methods[J]. Seismology and Geology, 36(4): 939-955. (in Chinese with English abstract) RAN Y K, WANG H, CHEN L C, et al., 2018. Late-Quaternary fault activity of the Longmen Shan fault zone-Evidence from paleoseismic trenching[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 61(5): 1938-1948. (in Chinese with English abstract) TANG L J, JIN Z J, DAI J S, et al., 2002. Regional fault systems of Qaidam basin and adjacent orogenic belts[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 27(6): 676-682. (in Chinese with English abstract) WANG S Y, WANG J, LI F P, et al., 2024. The late quaternary slip rate and paleoearthquakes of the Cuopuhu section of the Litang-Yidun fault, western Sichuan[J/OL]. Journal of Geomechanics. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/cn/article/doi/10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023060 . (in Chinese with English abstract)WU Z H, 2019. The definition and classification of active faults: History, current status and progress[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 40(5): 661-697. (in Chinese with English abstract) YAO S H, HUANG W, JIANG W L, et al., 2014. Activity characteristic of Northern Margin fault at Qaidam Basin (Xitie Mountain Segment) in late quaternary[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 37(S1): 50-54. (in Chinese with English abstract) YAO S H, GAI H L, YIN X, et al., 2020a. Tectonic geomorphology and quaternary slip rate of the Xitieshan Section of the Northern margin fault of Qaidam Basin[J]. Seismology and Geology, 42(6): 1385-1400. (in Chinese with English abstract) YAO S H, GAI H L, LIU W, et al., 2020b. Tectonic geomorphology and Late quaternary slip rate of the Amunike segment, the north Qaidam Thrust fault Zone[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 40(5): 1312-1322. (in Chinese with English abstract) YAO S H, GAI H L, YIN X, et al., 2022. A discussion on the relationship between the surface rupture zone in front of the Amunikeshan Mountain and the 1962 M6.8 earthquake[J]. Seismology and Geology, 44(4): 976-991. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.04.010 YIN A, DANG Y Q, WANG L C, et al., 2008. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Qaidam Basin and its surrounding regions (Part 1): The southern Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt and northern Qaidam Basin[J]. GSA Bulletin, 120(7-8): 813-846. doi: 10.1130/B26180.1 YUAN D Y, 2003. Tectonic deformation features and space-time evolution in northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau since the late Cenozoic time[D]. Beijing: Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administrator. (in Chinese with English abstract) YUAN D Y, ZHANG P Z, LIU B C, et al., 2004. Geometrical imagery and tectonic transformation of late quaternary active tectonics in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78(2): 270-278. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2004.02.017 YUAN Z D, JING L Z, ZHOU Y, et al., 2020. Paleoseismologic record of earthquakes along the Wuzunxiaoer section of the Altyn Tagh fault and its implication for cascade rupture behavior[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 63(1): 93-107. doi: 10.1007/s11430-019-9376-8 ZENG X, 2019. Active characteristics of Tuosuhu-Maoniushan Fault, Northern margin of Qaidam Basin[D]. Beijing: Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administrator. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHANG P Z, MAO F Y, 1996. Active faulting and fault specific probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. research on active fault(5)[M]//Beijing: Seismological Press: 12-31. (in Chinese) ZHANG P Z, XU X W, WEN X Z, et al., 2008. Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 51(4): 1066-1073. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.04.015 ZHAO G M, WU Z H, LIU J, et al., 2019. The time space distribution characteristics and migration law of large earthquakes in the Indiam-Eurasian plate collision deformation area[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 25(3): 324-340. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHAO G M, WU Z H, LIU J, 2020. The types, characteristics and mechanism of seismic migration[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 26(1): 13-32. (in Chinese with English abstract) ZHU H Z, ZHU S L, WANG L G, et al., 1979. An ancient earthquake profile in Zhongning county, Ningxia Hui autonomous region. Seismology and Geology, 1(4): 26. (in Chinese) 邓起东, 冯先岳, 杨晓平, 等, 1994. 利用大型探槽研究新疆北天山玛纳斯和吐谷鲁逆断裂-褶皱带全新世古地震[M]//国家地震局地质研究所. 活动断裂研究(3). 北京: 地震出版社: 1-17. 邓起东, 闻学泽, 2008. 活动构造研究: 历史、进展与建议[J]. 地震地质, 30(1): 1-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2008.01.002 丁国瑜, 1982. 古地震标志问题[M]//中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会. 中国活动断裂. 北京: 地震出版社: 276-281. 董金元, 李传友, 郑文俊, 等, 2019. 宗务隆山南缘断裂构造地貌特征与晚第四纪滑动速率[J]. 地震地质, 41(2): 341-362. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2019.02.006 盖海龙, 姚生海, 杨丽萍, 等, 2021. 青海玛多"5·22"Ms7.4级地震的同震地表破裂特征、成因及意义[J]. 地质力学学报, 27(6): 899-912. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.073 高云鹏, 刘静, 韩龙飞, 等, 2023. 古地震事件震级或强度大小限定的讨论[J]. 地质力学学报, 29(5): 704-719. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023034 刘光勋, 孟繁兴, 肖振敏, 等, 1982. 山西洪洞县郇堡村古地震遗迹及有关问题讨论[M]//国家地震局地震地质专业委员会. 中国活动断裂. 北京: 地震出版社: 291-300. 刘小龙, 袁道阳, 2004. 青海德令哈巴音郭勒河断裂带的新活动特征[J]. 西北地震学报, 26(4): 303-308. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ200404004.htm 马寅生, 张永双, 胡道功, 等, 2010. 玉树地震地表破裂与宏观震中[J]. 地质力学学报, 16(2): 115-128. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2010.02.002 毛凤英, 张培震, 1995. 古地震研究的逐次限定法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[M]//国家地震局地质研究所. 活动断裂研究(4). 北京: 地震出版社: 153-164. 庞炜, 何文贵, 袁道阳, 等, 2015. 青海大柴旦断裂古地震特征[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 37(3): 87-103. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6561.2015.03.012 冉勇康, 1997. 我国几个典型地点的古地震细研究和大地震重复行为探讨[D]. 北京: 中国地震局地质研究所. 冉勇康, 邓起东, 1999. 古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J]. 科学通报, 44(1): 12-20. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1999.01.003 冉勇康, 王虎, 李彦宝, 等, 2012a. 中国大陆古地震研究的关键技术与案例解析(1): 走滑活动断裂的探槽地点、布设与事件识别标志[J]. 地震地质, 34(2): 197-210. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201502001.htm 冉勇康, 陈立春, 陈文山, 等, 2012b. 中国大陆古地震研究的关键技术与案例解析(2): 汶川地震地表变形特征与褶皱逆断层古地震识别[J]. 地震地质, 34(3): 385-400. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201203003.htm 冉勇康, 王虎, 张培震, 等, 2013. 古地震研究的技术和方法[M]//丁仲礼. 固体地球科学研究方法. 北京: 科学出版社: 258-275. 冉勇康, 李彦宝, 杜鹏, 等, 2014a. 中国大陆古地震研究的关键技术与案例解析(3): 正断层破裂特征、环境影响与古地震识别[J]. 地震地质, 36(2): 287-301. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201402001.htm 冉勇康, 王虎, 杨会丽, 等, 2014b. 中国大陆古地震研究的关键技术与案例解析(4): 古地震定年技术的样品采集和事件年代分析[J]. 地震地质, 36(4): 939-955. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ201404001.htm 冉勇康, 王虎, 陈立春, 等, 2018. 龙门山断裂带晚第四纪的大地震活动: 来自古地震研究的资料[J]. 地球物理学报, 61(5): 1038-1948. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201805022.htm 汤良杰, 金之钧, 戴俊生, 等, 2002. 柴达木盆地及相邻造山带区域断裂系统[J]. 地球科学—中国地质大学学报, 27(6): 676-682. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200206004.htm 王世元, 王竞, 李福鹏, 等, 2024. 川西理塘—义敦断裂措普湖段晚第四纪滑动速率与古地震序列[J/OL]. 地质力学学报. https://journal.geomech.ac.cn/cn/article/doi/10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023060 .吴中海, 2019. 活断层的定义与分类: 历史、现状和进展[J]. 地球学报, 40(5): 661-697. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XAGX202206004.htm 姚生海, 黄伟, 姜文亮, 等, 2014. 柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山段)晚第四纪活动性特征[J]. 地震研究, 37(S1): 50-54. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZYJ2014S1009.htm 姚生海, 盖海龙, 殷翔, 等, 2020a. 柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山段)的构造地貌特征与晚第四纪活动速率[J]. 地震地质, 42(6): 1385-1400. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ202006008.htm 姚生海, 盖海龙, 刘炜, 等, 2020b. 柴达木盆地北缘断裂(阿木尼克山段)构造地貌及晚第四纪活动速率研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 40(5): 1312-1322. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DSJJ202005019.htm 姚生海, 盖海龙, 殷翔, 等, 2022. 阿木尼克山山前地表破裂带与1962年6.8级地震关系的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 44(4): 976-991. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.04.010 袁道阳, 2003. 青藏高原东北缘晚新生代以来的构造变形特征与时空演化[D]. 北京: 中国地震局地质研究所. 袁道阳, 张培震, 刘百篪, 等, 2004. 青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换[J]. 地质学报, 78(2): 270-278. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2004.02.017 曾洵, 2019. 柴达木盆地北缘托素湖—牦牛山断裂活动特征[D]. 北京: 中国地震局地质研究所. 张培震, 毛风英, 1996. 活动断裂定量研究与中长期地震危险性概率评价[M]//中国地震局地质研究所. 活动断裂研究(5). 北京: 地震出版社: 12-31. 赵根模, 吴中海, 刘杰, 等, 2019. 印度-欧亚板块碰撞变形区的大地震时空分布特征与迁移规律[J]. 地质力学学报, 25(3): 324-340. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.03.030 赵根模, 吴中海, 刘杰, 2020. 地震迁移的类型、特征及机制讨论[J]. 地质力学学报, 26(1): 13-32. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.01.002 朱海之, 朱淑莲, 王立功, 等, 1979. 中宁发现古地震剖面. 地震地质, 1(4): 26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDZ197904003.htm -
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 295
- HTML全文浏览量: 47
- PDF下载量: 53
- 被引次数: 0
