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基于SAR影像的干旱区冲/洪积扇地貌面定量分期研究−以河西走廊西部沙漠区的疏勒河洪积扇为例

杨勇忠 任俊杰 李东臣

杨勇忠,任俊杰,李东臣,2023. 基于SAR影像的干旱区冲/洪积扇地貌面定量分期研究:以河西走廊西部沙漠区的疏勒河洪积扇为例[J]. 地质力学学报,29(6):842−855 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023080
引用本文: 杨勇忠,任俊杰,李东臣,2023. 基于SAR影像的干旱区冲/洪积扇地貌面定量分期研究:以河西走廊西部沙漠区的疏勒河洪积扇为例[J]. 地质力学学报,29(6):842−855 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023080
YANG Y Z,REN J J,LI D C,2023. Quantitative staging of alluvial fan geomorphic surfaces in arid areas based on SAR imagery: A case study of the Shule River alluvial fan in the western desert region of the Hexi Corridor[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,29(6):842−855 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023080
Citation: YANG Y Z,REN J J,LI D C,2023. Quantitative staging of alluvial fan geomorphic surfaces in arid areas based on SAR imagery: A case study of the Shule River alluvial fan in the western desert region of the Hexi Corridor[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,29(6):842−855 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023080

基于SAR影像的干旱区冲/洪积扇地貌面定量分期研究−以河西走廊西部沙漠区的疏勒河洪积扇为例

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023080
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(U2139201,41941016,U1839204);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-422);应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务专项(ZDJ2017-24)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨勇忠(1999—),男,在读硕士,主要从事遥感与定量地貌学方面科研工作。E-mail:1450844547@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    任俊杰(1979—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事活动构造、构造地貌及地震危险性分析方面的基础理论与应用研究。E-mail:renjunjie@gmail.com

  • 中图分类号: P931.2

Quantitative staging of alluvial fan geomorphic surfaces in arid areas based on SAR imagery: A case study of the Shule River alluvial fan in the western desert region of the Hexi Corridor

Funds: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. U2139201, 41941016, and U1839204), the Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KFZD-SW-422), and the Research Fund of the National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China (Grant No. ZDJ2017-24).
  • 摘要: 河流作用形成的洪积扇和河流阶地可以提供过去构造活动、气候变化和地貌演变过程的有效记录;而准确划分洪积扇地貌面的期次是开展环境变化及构造活动定量研究的基础。已有研究往往利用L波段数据SAR后向散射系数值作为地貌粗糙度替代参数,进行地貌面定量分期,但并未考虑不同时间数据源对分期结果的影响。以疏勒河洪积扇为研究对象,通过分析多时相L波段SAR数据后验统计指标以及大气评估条件,确定最佳数据源,并运用最大似然分类法对后向散射强度值进行分类,以实现地貌面的定量分期。结果表明:使用分期后验统计指标作为选取最佳时像影像数据的标准,可以获得更好的分期结果;L波段HH单极化数据可得到较好的分期结果,与C波段数据相比,对于不同年龄地貌面的划分更具优势,且数据更易获取,具备自动化分期潜力;SAR影像质量以及分期结果与成像时大气条件密切相关,而与季节相关性不大,因此建议优先选择成像时地表含水量较低的影像,例如,高蒸发强度的夏季。文章提出的这套对遥感数据质量分析并进行地貌面分期的方法可用于完成干旱地区大尺度冲/洪积扇的快速定量分期,为构造和气候的研究提供有价值的信息。

     

  • 图  1  疏勒河洪积扇地区地质构造图(引自《1︰50万中国地质图》公开版(http://www.ngac.org.cn);断裂分布据Zelenin et al.,2022修改)

    Figure  1.  Tectonic map of the diluvial fan area of Shule River (The geological map is quoted from the public version of the 1:500000 Geological Map of China at http://www.ngac.org.cn; Fracture distribution is modified after Zelenin et al.,2022)

    图  2  洪积扇演化示意图(据Blair and McPherson,1994修改)

    Figure  2.  Schematic diagram of the evolution of alluvial fans (modified after Blair and McPherson,1994)

    图  3  雷达波后向散射模式图

    Figure  3.  Radar wave backscatter pattern diagram

    图  4  各期地貌面后向散射强度值正态分布概率密度曲线离散程度与区分程度

    F1—F4对应不同期地貌面;AC为现今河床区域;μ为均值,σ为标准差;S为重叠面积

    Figure  4.  Calculation method of dispersion degree and discrimination degree of normal distribution probability density curve of backscatter intensity values of various geomorphic surfaces F1 to F4 correspond to different stages of landforms; AC represents the current riverbed area; μ denotes the mean, σ is the standard deviation; S stands for the overlapping area.

    图  5  地貌面样本选取

    a—样本选取区域(彩色多边形为样本区域范围,不同颜色区域代表不同期地貌面样本);b—蓝色多边形范围对应的后向散射系数统计结果

    Figure  5.  Selection of geomorphic surface samples (a) Sample selection area (Colored polygons represent the sample area range, different colored areas represent samples of different stages of landforms); (b) Statistical results of the backscatter coefficients corresponding to the blue polygon range

    图  6  不同时相各期地貌面后向散射系数分布概率密度曲线

    F1—F4对应不同期地貌面;AC为现今河床区域

    Figure  6.  PDF (Probability density function) of backscatter coefficient distribution on different stages of geomorphic surface at different time periods F1 to F4 correspond to different stages of landforms; AC represents the current riverbed area

    图  7  统计指标与大气条件分析

    为便于对比趋势,对部分数据进行了平移和缩放,其中方差和×10;重叠面积和×10+30,地表含水量+30kg/m2

    Figure  7.  Statistical indicators and atmospheric condition analysis For ease of trend comparison, partial data has been shifted and scaled, where variance is multiplied by 10; overlapping area is multiplied by 10 plus 30, and surface soil moisture is increased by 30 kg/m².

    图  8  不同数据源划分的疏勒河洪积扇地貌面分期结果

    F1—F4对应不同期地貌面;AC为现今河床区域a—成像时间为2007年10月5日;b—成像时间为2008年7月7日;c—C波段RADARSAT(据Zhang and Guo,2013修改)

    Figure  8.  Classification of the geomorphic surface of the Shule River alluvial fan

    (a) Image acquisition date: October 5, 2007; (b) Image acquisition date: July 7, 2008; (c) C-band RADARSAT (modified after Zhang and Guo, 2013)F1 to F4 correspond to different stages of landforms; AC represents the current riverbed area

    图  9  疏勒河洪积扇区域NDVI反演结果

    a—2008年7月28日数据反演结果;b—2007年10月16日数据反演结果

    Figure  9.  The NDVI inversion results of the Shule River alluvial fan area (a) Inversion results for data acquired on July 28, 2008; (b) Inversion results for data acquired on October 16, 2007

    表  1  选取的SAR影像数据信息

    Table  1.   Information of selected SAR images

    影像名称分辨率极化方式入射角飞行方向成像时间轨道号
    ALPSRP05683079015 mHH/HV38.692°升轨2007年7月5日7696
    ALPSRP08367079038.705°2007年8月20日8367
    ALPSRP09038079038.705°2007年10月5日9038
    ALPSRP12393079038.689°2008年5月22日12393
    ALPSRP13064079038.691°2008年7月7日13064
    ALPSRP13735079038.669°2008年8月22日13735
    ALPSRP14406079038.672°2008年10月7日14406
    ALPSRP18432079038.685°2009年7月10日18432
    ALPSRP19103079038.705°2009年8月25日19103
    ALPSRP19103079038.692°2009年10月10日19774
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同时相各期地貌面后向散射系数分布方差

    Table  2.   Variance of numerical distribution of backscatter coefficients on different levels of landforms at different time periods

    地貌面2007−7−52007−8−202007−10−52008−5−222008−7−72008−8−222008−10−72009−7−102009−8−252009−10−10
    AC 1.52451.22000.96060.94370.99691.14160.99371.25431.20410.8612
    F1 0.73810.82570.89180.74490.73310.77460.82731.20450.80150.7470
    F2 0.74050.74540.76530.68870.69710.73350.74720.75730.72220.7841
    F3 0.75020.73340.81690.79050.74760.81110.81690.70080.73720.7205
    F4 0.68510.79700.80420.67980.68120.74820.81460.60460.71290.7532
    总和2.91393.10153.27822.90392.85903.06743.2063.26722.97383.0048
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同时相相邻地貌面后向散射系数分布重叠面积

    Table  3.   Overlapping area of numerical distribution of backscatter coefficients on adjacent geomorphic surfaces at different time periods

    地貌面2007−7−52007−8−202007−10−52008−5−222008−7−72008−8−222008−10−72009−7−102009−8−252009−10−10
    F1-AC0.61220.55840.36410.47860.21170.62160.25410.90630.58750.4119
    F1-F2 0.27890.21740.16000.26280.26470.13950.17440.30710.18170.2702
    F2-F3 0.22640.19480.15810.16380.22520.18770.13140.23160.32630.2319
    F3-F4 0.13860.37300.53310.13880.12450.42450.42100.22820.27290.1576
    总和 0.64390.78510.85120.56530.61440.75170.72680.76680.78090.6597
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  最大似然法获得的分类区间

    Table  4.   Classification interval obtained by maximum likelihood method

    日期左边界F4−F3地貌面F3−F2地貌面F2−F1地貌面F1−AC地貌面右边界
    2007−10−5−24.9515−23.0302−21.3683−19.2148−17.1550−15.5466
    2008−7−7 −24.1847−22.1909−20.1365−18.5141−16.7880−15.4257
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-05-21
  • 修回日期:  2023-09-26
  • 录用日期:  2023-10-20

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