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新疆西昆仑509道班西锂矿伟晶岩石英变形特征、温度及其对伟晶岩就位的约束

霍海龙 陈正乐 张青 王永 马华东 王威 张文高 李永 韩凤彬 杜晓飞 闵壮 孟祥鹏

霍海龙,陈正乐,张青,等,2024. 新疆西昆仑509道班西锂矿伟晶岩石英变形特征、温度及其对伟晶岩就位的约束[J]. 地质力学学报,30(1):72−87 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078
引用本文: 霍海龙,陈正乐,张青,等,2024. 新疆西昆仑509道班西锂矿伟晶岩石英变形特征、温度及其对伟晶岩就位的约束[J]. 地质力学学报,30(1):72−87 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078
HUO H L,CHEN Z L,ZHANG Q,et al.,2024. Quartz deformation characteristics, deformation temperature, and their constraints on pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit in the West Kunlun area, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,30(1):72−87 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078
Citation: HUO H L,CHEN Z L,ZHANG Q,et al.,2024. Quartz deformation characteristics, deformation temperature, and their constraints on pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit in the West Kunlun area, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,30(1):72−87 doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078

新疆西昆仑509道班西锂矿伟晶岩石英变形特征、温度及其对伟晶岩就位的约束

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2023078
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(42172258, 42072227);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2901904, 2021YFC2901805);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项项目(2023A03002);中国铀业有限公司-东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室联合创新基金项目(NRE2021-01);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221660-3, DZLXJK202206)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    霍海龙(1988—),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事矿田构造研究工作。Email:huohailong2012@163.com

    通讯作者:

    陈正乐(1967—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事矿田构造研究工作。Email:chenzhengle@263.net

  • 中图分类号: P613;P548

Quartz deformation characteristics, deformation temperature, and their constraints on pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit in the West Kunlun area, Xinjiang

Funds: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 42172258 and 42072227), the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grants No. 2021YFC2901904 and 2021YFC2901805), the Science and Technology Major Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. 2023A03002), the Joint Innovation Fund of China National Uranium Co., Ltd and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment (Grant No. NRE2021-01), and the Projects of China Geological Survey (Grants No. DD20221660-3 and DZLXJK202206).
  • 摘要: 509道班西锂矿床是西昆仑造山带新近发现的大型伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床。作为区内典型的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床,509道班西锂矿的成矿机制和伟晶岩演化过程对认识整个西昆仑成矿带的成矿作用具有重要意义。作为花岗伟晶岩中的重要矿物,石英是追踪伟晶岩成矿作用过程的理想对象。509道班西矿床的花岗伟晶岩普遍发育强烈的糜棱岩化作用,具有典型的韧性变形特征,通过对糜棱岩化伟晶岩脉进行变形组构分析、石英包裹体测温和石英Ti温度计计算,揭示了与伟晶岩就位相关的大陆地壳变形过程中流体的热力学演化过程,并探讨了韧性变形对区域找矿的启示意义。糜棱岩化伟晶岩中锂辉石、斜长石等矿物主要以脆性破裂为主,具有刚体变形的特征;石英主要发育膨凸重结晶现象,细小的新晶体在较大的石英条带边部形成,可见石英残斑,并具有亚颗粒旋转现象,部分发育核幔构造;白云母普遍变形成云母鱼。石英包裹体、锂辉石和石英的变形特征等微观结构证据表明,糜棱岩化伟晶岩的变形温度为300~400 ℃,石英Ti温度计得出的变形温度为371~398 ℃和351~377 ℃。伟晶岩中石英包裹体的均一温度平均为260~283 ℃,可能记录了石英变形晚阶段的温度。研究表明,509道班西地区的伟晶岩在侵位过程中经历了一期强烈的低温、高应变速率的韧性变形,伟晶岩就位是快速冷却过程的产物,在高应力和较低温度条件下,动态重结晶(GBM)导致的晶粒粒径减小严重改变了岩石的流变学性质;从~400 ℃到~260 ℃的超冷却过程(ΔT=±140 ℃)中,造成伟晶岩中矿物结晶新核迅速减少,更有利于形成粗大的石英等矿物颗粒,形成伟晶岩脉所有显著特征和独特的岩石结构和矿物组合的空间分带,超冷却在伟晶岩就位过程中具有重要的作用。

     

  • 图  1  大红柳滩地区大地位置与地质简图

    a—西昆仑及邻区大地构造图(据Yin and Harrison,2000修改);b—大红柳滩地区地质图(据王核等,2017修改)

    Figure  1.  Geological map of the study area

    (a) Tectonic map of West Kunlun and adjacent areas (modified after Yin and Harrison, 2000); (b) Geological map of Dahongliutan area (modified after Wang et al., 2017)

    图  2  西昆仑509道班西地质和典型勘探线剖面图(据王威等,2022修改)

    a—509道班西地质简图;b—典型勘探线剖面图

    Figure  2.  Geological map and exploration section of the 509 Daobanxi area of West Kunlun (modified after Wang et al., 2022)

    (a) Geological map of the 509 Daobanxi area; (b) Exploration section of the 509 Daobanxi area

    图  3  509道班西锂矿构造剖面与岩脉野外特征(剖面位置见图2)

    a—剖面特征;b—花岗伟晶岩与石英闪长岩呈互层状产出;c、d—巴颜喀拉山群浅变质岩与花岗伟晶岩接触关系

    Figure  3.  Schetch and field photos showing the typical structural profile and field characteristics of the 509 Daobanxi lithium ore deposit (Profile location is shown in Fig.2.)

    (a) Sketch of typical structural profile of the 509 Daobanxi area; (b) Photo of quartz diorite and intercalated granite pegmatites; (c and d) Photos showing the intrusive contact relation between meta-sedimentary rocks in Bayankalashan Group and granite pegmatites

    图  4  509道班西锂矿花岗伟晶岩中的典型矿物特征

    a—脉状伟晶岩;b—锂辉石巨晶;c—边部发育细晶花岗岩和电气石;d—过渡带发育长石、石英;e—核部发育石英颗粒;f—电气石布丁化

    Figure  4.  Photos showing typical mineral features in granite pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit

    (a) Veined pegmatites; (b) Spodumene megacrysts; (c) Fine-grained granite and oriented tourmaline in the edge zone; (d) Feldspar and quartz in the transition zone; (e)Pure quartz in a core zone; (f) Tourmaline boudinage

    图  5  509道班西锂矿伟晶岩典型矿物分带特征和模式图

    Pl—斜长石; Tur—电气石; Qz—石英; Brl—绿柱石; Grt—石榴子石; Ms—白云母a—矿物分带野外特征;b—矿物分带模式图

    Figure  5.  Typical mineral zoning features and pattern diagram of the pegmatite dike in the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit, West Kunlun (a) Field characteristics of mineral zoning; (b) Mineral zoning pattern diagram

    Pl–plagioclase;Tur–tourmaline; Qz–quartz; Brl–beryl; Grt–garnet; Ms–muscovite

    图  6  509道班西巴颜喀拉山群地层及变形特征

    a—巴颜喀拉山群中发育树杈状花岗伟晶岩; b—巴颜喀拉山群中发育似层状伟晶岩; c—巴颜喀拉山群褶皱变形;d—接触带发育红柱石等矿物

    Figure  6.  The deformation characteristics of the Bayankalashan Group in the 509 Daobanxi area

    (a) Dendritic granitic pegmatite in the Bayankalashan group; (b) Stratified pegmatite in the Bayankalashan group; (c) Folding deformation characteristics of the Bayankalashan Group; (d) Minerals such as andalusite developed along the contact zone of the granites and the Bayankalashan Group

    图  7  509道班西锂矿伟晶岩矿物变形特征

    Spd—锂辉石;Pl—斜长石;Qz—石英;Ms—白云母a、b—变形伟晶岩中锂辉石发育脆性破裂,石英发育膨凸重结晶;c—g—斜长石等发育破裂,石英发育膨凸重结晶;h、i—石英颗粒发育亚颗粒旋转现象,并发育“核幔构造”,发育云母鱼

    Figure  7.  Deformation characteristics of nimerals in pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit

    (a and b) Brittle fracture of spodumene, and expansion and bulging recrystallization of quartz in deformed pegmatite zone; (c–g) Brittle fracture of feldspar, and expansion and bulging recrystallization of quartz in deformed pegmatite zone; (h and i) Muscovite fish, and subgranular rotation developed in quartz grains, exhibiting “nuclear–mantle structure” Spd–spodumene; Pl–plagioclase; Qz–quartz; Ms–muscovite

    图  8  509道班西花岗伟晶岩中石英流体包裹体显微照片

    $V_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $—气相CO2;$L_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $—液相CO2;$L_{{\rm{H}}_2{\rm{O}}} $—液相H2O;$V_{{\rm{H}}_2{\rm{O}}} $—气相H2O;NaCl—NaCl子矿物a、b—气液两相包裹体;c—富气相包裹体群;d—气液包裹体与富气相包裹体共存;e—富液相包裹体群;f—气液两相包裹体和含子矿物的三相包裹体;g、h—含子矿物的三相包裹体;i—发育在裂隙中的含子矿物的三相包裹体;j—l—含CO2包裹体

    Figure  8.  Microphotos showing characteristics of quartz inclusion in pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit

    (a and b) Gas–liquid two-phase inclusions; (c) Gas-rich phase inclusion group; (d) Coexistence of gas–liquid inclusions and gas-rich inclusions; (e) Liquid-rich phase inclusion group; (f) Gas-liquid two-phase inclusions and three-phase inclusions containing daughter minerals; (g and h)Three-phase inclusions containing daughter minerals; (i) Three-phase inclusions containing daughter minerals developed in fractures; (j–l) CO2-bearing inclusions $V_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $–gas phase CO2; $L_{{\rm{CO}}_2} $–liquid phase CO2; $L_{{\rm{H}}_2{\rm{O}}} $–liquid phase H2O; $V_{{\rm{H}}_2{\rm{O}}} $–gas phase H2O; NaCl–NaCl daughter minerals

    图  9  509道班西锂矿花岗伟晶岩中石英包裹体拉曼图谱特征

    a、b—CO2气相包裹体;c、d—CO2气相包裹体,且含少量CH4

    Figure  9.  Raman spectra characteristics of quartz fluid inclusions in pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit (a and b) CO2 gas inclusions; (c and d) CO2 gas inclusions with small amounts of CH4

    图  10  509道班西锂矿花岗伟晶岩中石英变形温度图解

    a—b—石英CL图像及典型测试点;c—d—石英Ti温度计计算结果

    Figure  10.  Illustration of quartz deformation temperature in pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit (a and b) Cathodoluminescence images of quartz and typical test points; (c and d) Results of titanium thermometry on quartz

    图  11  不同构造层次典型矿物的变形特征和流体超冷却与晶体成核程度图

    a—不同构造层次典型矿物的变形特征(Fossen and Cavalcante,2017);b—流体超冷却与晶体成核程度图(London and Morgan,2012

    Figure  11.  Diagrams illustrating the typical mineral deformation characteristics at different tectonic levels and the crystal-nucleation delay and the onset of undercooling time (a) Typical mineral deformation characteristics at different tectonic levels (Fosson and Cavalcante, 2017); (b) The crystal-nucleation delay and the onset of undercooling time (London and Morgan, 2012)

    图  12  西昆仑地区509道班西花岗伟晶岩就位示意图

    Spd—锂辉石;Qz—石英;深度与温度曲线是结合此次研究和王威等(2022)的年代学研究限定的

    Figure  12.  Diagram showing the emplacement of granite pegmatites in the 509 Daobanxi deposit, West Kunlun Spd–spodumene; Qz–quartz; The depth and temperature curves are constrained by the results of this study and the chronology research by Wang et al. (2022).

    表  1  509道班西锂矿伟晶岩中石英包裹体测温数据

    Table  1.   Temperature data of quartz fluid inclusions in pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit

    赋存矿物样品数量包裹体类型均一温度/℃冰点/℃CO2络合物融化温度/℃盐度
    石英36232~310(273)−3.3~−11(−6.6)6.3~14.95(9.5)
    石英30210~303(260)−3.6~−9.1(−6.36)5.9~8.9(7.3)2.23~4.64(5.25)
    石英 4244~310(283)−5.5~−9.7(−7.4)7.6~12.5(9.7)
    注:()内为平均值
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  509道班西锂矿伟晶岩中石英的变形温度

    Table  2.   Deformation temperature of quartz in pegmatites of the 509 Daobanxi lithium deposit

    样品号测点Ti/×10−6P/kbarT/℃
    (aTiO2=1)
    T/℃
    (aTiO2=0.8)
    T/℃
    (aTiO2=0.6)
    测点Ti/×10−6P/kbarT/℃
    (aTiO2=1)
    T/℃
    (aTiO2=0.8)
    T/℃
    (aTiO2=0.6)
    Zk2707-9A17.673.7418431449A243.603.7376388404
    A25.543.7399412429A252.903.7365376392
    A33.673.7377389405A263.643.7377388404
    A43.443.7374385401A273.803.7379391407
    A52.633.7360371386A284.873.7392404421
    A62.823.7364375390A293.613.7376388404
    A71.033.7317327340A303.053.7368379394
    A83.313.7372383399A313.393.7373385400
    A96.113.7405418435A331.993.7347357372
    A114.883.7392405421A342.623.7360371386
    A124.403.7387399415A352.553.7359370385
    A131.453.7332342356A362.103.7349360375
    A142.383.7355366381A373.613.7376388404
    A162.113.7349360375A383.753.7378390406
    A171.563.7335346360A393.043.7367379394
    A184.563.7389401417A403.243.7371382398
    A193.703.7377389405A411.283.7326336350
    A203.203.7370382397A423.713.7378389405
    A214.133.7383395412A433.593.7376388403
    A224.083.7383395411A443.573.7376387403
    A235.413.7398410427A453.853.7380391408
    Zk1107-2A463.743.7378390406A571.113.7320330343
    A473.573.7376387403A582.083.7349360374
    A486.753.7410423441A592.083.7349360374
    A493.283.7371383399A602.543.7358370385
    A501.973.7346357371A701.203.7323333347
    A511.433.7331341355A711.043.7317327340
    A521.643.7337348362A722.003.7347358372
    A534.453.7387399416A751.843.7343354368
    A542.313.7354365379A761.783.7341352366
    A552.863.7364376391A772.023.7347358373
    A561.373.7329340353A782.213.7351362377
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-05-18
  • 修回日期:  2023-12-05
  • 录用日期:  2024-01-03
  • 预出版日期:  2023-12-05
  • 刊出日期:  2024-02-01

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