Petrogenesis and geological significance of migmatitic gneiss in Mulantou area, Hainan Island
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摘要:
海南岛铺前-木兰头一带海边发现一套中深变质岩(木兰头杂岩), 由混合岩、大理岩、片岩和透辉石岩组成, 以混合岩为主。研究选取其中较为发育和典型的混合片麻岩为研究对象, 对其开展了锆石U-Pb同位素测年、岩石学和岩石地球化学等系统研究。结果表明, 木兰头混合片麻岩原岩为中基性火山岩, 形成时代为276 Ma, 具有活动大陆边缘的岛弧钙碱性玄武岩地球化学特征, 指示古特提斯洋俯冲的构造环境; 早期发生深熔变质作用时间为261 Ma, 指示华南和印支地块碰撞的构造环境; 后期变质作用时间为248 Ma, 指示华南和印支地块碰撞后伸展的构造环境。因此, 木兰头混合片麻岩完整记录了海南岛早二叠世—早三叠世的构造演化信息, 是古特提斯洋俯冲至关闭、华南和印支地块碰撞等地质事件的产物, 其发现为马江缝合带向东延伸的方向提供了新的思路。
Abstract:In the coastal area of Pujian to Mulantou on Hainan Island, a set of medium to deep metamorphic rocks (Mulantou complex) has been discovered, composed of migmatite, dolomite, shale, and amphibolite, with migmatite being the predominant lithology. This study selected well-developed and typical migmatitic gneisses as the research focus and conducted systematic zircon U-Pb isotope dating and petrological and geochemical studies. The results indicate that the protolith of the Mulantou migmatitic gneisses was intermediate basic volcanic rock formed around 276 Ma. These rocks exhibit geochemical characteristics of island-arc calc-alkaline basalt, suggesting a tectonic setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Early anatectic metamorphism occurred around 261 Ma, indicating a tectonic environment related to the collision between the South China Block and the Indochina Block. Later metamorphism took place around 248 Ma, signifying a tectonic environment associated with extension following the collision between the South China Block and the Indochina Block. Therefore, the Mulantou migmatitic gneisses preserve a comprehensive record of the tectonic evolution in Hainan Island from the Early Permian to the Early Triassic. They represent the geological consequences of events such as the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, the collision between the South China Block and the Indochina Block, and the subsequent extension. The discovery of these rocks provides new insights into the eastern extension of the Song Ma suture zone.
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Key words:
- Hainan Island /
- migmatitic gneiss /
- Early Permian-Early Triassic /
- suture zone /
- Paleotethys
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图 1 海南岛及周边构造地质简图
路径①、②、③代表马江缝合带东延的可能方向，其中路径①和③引自Metcalfe, 1996, 路径②李献华等，2000；路径④代表斋江缝合带东延的可能方向(Faure et al., 2016)；路径⑤代表滇琼缝合带东延的可能方向(Cai and Zhang, 2009)
a—海南岛周边地质构造简图(据Wang et al., 2018；刘晓春等, 2021修改)；b—海南岛地质简图(据胡在龙等，2019修改)Figure 1. Simplified structural geological map of Hainan Island and its surroundings
(a) Tectonic sketch map around Hainan Island (modified after Wang et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2021); (b) Simplified geological map of Hainan Island (modified after Hu et al., 2019)
Paths ①, ② and ③ represent the predicted eastward extension of the Songma suture zone (Paths ① and ③ are cited from Metcalfe, 1996, and Path ② is cited from Li et al., 2000); Paths ④ represents the predicted eastward extension of the Zhaijiang suture zone, cited from Faure, et al., 2016; Path ⑤ represents the predicted eastward extension of the Dian-Qiong suture zone, cited from Cai and Zhang, 2009.
图 3 木兰头地区混合片麻岩野外露头照片及显微照片
Pl—斜长石；Hb—角闪石；Q—石英
a—强烈变形混合片麻岩；b—长英质岩脉侵入混合片麻岩；c、d—浅色体、中色体、暗色体野外特征；e—中色体显微照片；f—暗色体显微照片Figure 3. Field photos and photomicrograph of migmatitic gneiss in the Mulantou
(a) Strongly deformed migmatitic gneiss; (b) Felsic dike intrude into migmatitic gneiss; (c and d) Field photos of leucosome、mesosome and melanosome; (e) Photomicrograph of mesosome; (f) Photomicrograph of melanosome
Pl-plagioclase; Hb-hornblende; Q-quartz
图 4 混合片麻岩(PMD04-5-3)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄值
Figure 4. Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb composition ages for migmatitic gneiss (PMD04-5-3)
图 5 混合片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Figure 5. Concordia diagrams of zircon U-Pb ages for migmatitic gneiss
图 7 混合片麻岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(标准化值引自Sun and McDougall, 1989)
a—稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图；b—微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图
Figure 7. Chondrite-normalized partition pattern diagram for rare earth elements and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram for trace elements of the migmatitic gneiss
(a) Chondrite-normalized partition pattern diagram for rare earth elements; (b) Primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram for trace elements
图 8 中色体(黑云角闪斜长片麻岩)的地球化学判别图解
a—(al+fm) - (c+alk) -Si尼格里参数图解(Simonen, 1953)；b—A-C-FM原岩恢复图解(王仁民等, 1987)；c—Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2图解(Winchester and Floyd, 1977)；d—TAS图解(Le Bas et al., 1986)；e—AFM图解(Irvine and Baragar, 1971)
Figure 8. Geochemical discrimination diagrams for mesosome (biotite hornblende plagiogneiss)
(a) (al+fm) - (c+alk) -Si diagram (Schema from Simonen, 1953); (b) A-C-FM diagram (Schema from Wang et al., 1987); (c) Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2 diagram (Schema from Winchester and Floyd, 1977); (d) TAS diagram (Schema from Le Bas et al., 1986); (e) AFM diagram (Schema from Irvine and Baragar, 1971)
表 1 混合片麻岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素分析数据
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating data of zircons from migmatitic gneiss
编号 元素含量/×10-6 同位素比值 同位素年龄/Ma 锆石打点类型 Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 谐和度 01 45.66 228.54 384.93 0.0532 0.0025 0.3243 0.0154 0.0440 0.0005 344.5 105.5 285.2 11.8 277.5 3.0 97% 核 02 25.40 97.81 343.67 0.0542 0.0028 0.3115 0.0158 0.0418 0.0005 388.9 121.3 275.3 12.3 263.9 3.2 95% 边 03 100.61 549.87 479.66 0.0544 0.0021 0.3320 0.0130 0.0439 0.0004 387.1 87.0 291.1 9.9 277.0 2.5 95% 核 04 27.46 105.54 344.42 0.0568 0.0024 0.3244 0.0139 0.0413 0.0004 483.4 94.4 285.3 10.7 260.8 2.7 91% 边 05 49.22 231.91 467.50 0.0521 0.0022 0.3154 0.0134 0.0437 0.0004 300.1 98.1 278.4 10.3 275.8 2.6 99% 核 06 1.61 8.47 23.81 0.0644 0.0290 0.2947 0.1073 0.0413 0.0016 755.3 742.9 262.2 84.2 261.0 9.8 99% 边 07 26.71 116.73 275.58 0.0540 0.0030 0.3230 0.0177 0.0435 0.0005 368.6 130.5 284.2 13.6 274.3 2.9 96% 核 08 12.07 60.26 135.86 0.0565 0.0056 0.3092 0.0307 0.0411 0.0007 472.3 222.2 273.5 23.8 259.5 4.6 94% 边 09 37.91 169.48 464.35 0.0520 0.0024 0.3093 0.0142 0.0432 0.0005 283.4 105.5 273.6 11.0 272.8 3.1 99% 核 10 24.08 88.30 261.48 0.0493 0.0037 0.3011 0.0223 0.0444 0.0006 161.2 166.6 267.2 17.4 280.3 3.4 95% 核 11 39.89 222.39 271.15 0.0519 0.0033 0.3101 0.0199 0.0431 0.0005 279.7 146.3 274.3 15.5 272.0 3.4 99% 核 12 15.17 70.16 183.99 0.0563 0.0040 0.3073 0.0210 0.0406 0.0007 464.9 157.4 272.1 16.3 256.6 4.3 94% 边 13 6.40 24.95 76.84 0.0570 0.0124 0.2944 0.0528 0.0409 0.0009 500.0 410.8 262.0 41.4 258.3 5.5 98% 边 14 11.74 42.28 148.85 0.0505 0.0057 0.2967 0.0305 0.0418 0.0007 220.4 240.7 263.8 23.9 264.2 4.1 99% 边 15 20.01 86.40 202.89 0.0553 0.0079 0.3009 0.0419 0.0417 0.0009 433.4 319.4 267.1 32.7 263.5 5.5 98% 边 16 32.15 152.69 304.07 0.0562 0.0045 0.3238 0.0221 0.0418 0.0006 461.2 149.1 284.8 17.0 263.8 3.7 92% 边 17 30.48 136.25 332.86 0.0546 0.0030 0.3082 0.0164 0.0409 0.0005 394.5 91.7 272.8 12.7 258.2 2.8 94% 边 18 6.01 27.16 44.78 0.0508 0.0140 0.2927 0.0725 0.0416 0.0011 231.6 533.3 260.7 56.9 263.0 6.9 99% 边 19 2.19 13.64 21.36 0.0135 0.0730 0.2848 0.1272 0.0376 0.0015 / / 254.5 100.5 238.0 9.0 93% 无核 20 9.34 47.64 69.77 0.0538 0.0085 0.2697 0.0428 0.0385 0.0008 364.9 322.2 242.4 34.2 243.3 5.2 99% 无核 21 7.48 32.38 78.92 0.0582 0.0090 0.2912 0.0410 0.0387 0.0008 600.0 337.9 259.5 32.3 244.8 5.2 94% 无核 22 7.21 34.73 73.91 0.0526 0.0078 0.2570 0.0391 0.0386 0.0008 322.3 298.1 232.2 31.6 244.1 4.9 95% 无核 23 8.06 36.21 88.16 0.0453 0.0058 0.2413 0.0300 0.0383 0.0007 / / 219.5 24.6 242.2 4.3 90% 无核 24 7.02 33.42 85.86 0.0556 0.0084 0.2745 0.0401 0.0383 0.0008 438.9 343.3 246.3 32.0 242.0 5.0 98% 无核 25 17.04 93.30 151.74 0.0574 0.0052 0.3110 0.0282 0.0397 0.0006 509.3 200.0 274.9 21.8 251.0 3.7 90% 无核 26 5.94 40.31 45.78 0.0556 0.0155 0.2758 0.0691 0.0402 0.0012 435.2 523.7 247.3 55.0 254.4 7.5 97% 无核 27 4.35 23.90 41.22 0.0556 0.0134 0.2783 0.0642 0.0386 0.0011 438.9 462.9 249.3 51.0 244.4 6.9 98% 无核 28 19.02 92.68 183.93 0.0489 0.0062 0.2585 0.0297 0.0388 0.0006 142.7 274.0 233.5 23.9 245.5 3.9 94% 无核 29 14.42 75.77 139.44 0.0549 0.0047 0.3039 0.0264 0.0399 0.0006 409.3 189.8 269.5 20.5 252.2 4.0 93% 无核 30 38.60 204.56 317.42 0.0537 0.0025 0.2973 0.0137 0.0401 0.0004 366.7 101.8 264.3 10.7 253.1 2.7 95% 无核 
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表 2 混合片麻岩岩石化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of migmatitic gneiss
岩性 浅色体(长英质脉) 中色体(黑云角闪斜长片麻岩) 暗色体(斜长角闪岩) 样号 PMD04-5-6 PMD04-5-9 PMD04-5-1 PMD04-5-3 PMD04-5-4 PMD04-5-7 PMD04-11-1 PMD04-5-2 PMD04-5-5 PMD04-5-8 PMD04-5-10 SiO2 59.72 60.51 50.63 55.93 53.58 50.93 56.94 48.86 43.48 43.51 46.73 TiO2 1.36 0.31 1.31 0.96 1.21 1.14 0.95 1.59 2.08 1.60 1.81 Al2O3 17.39 18.72 13.42 17.25 16.4 18.58 18.18 14.1 16.06 17.4 17.43 Fe2O3 1.86 0.64 1.10 1.09 1.80 1.54 1.08 1.45 3.09 2.12 2.25 FeO 3.70 2.70 7.70 7.30 6.40 7.37 5.43 8.15 10.00 9.77 8.53 TFeO 5.37 3.28 8.69 8.28 8.02 8.76 6.40 9.45 12.78 11.68 10.55 MnO 0.13 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.21 0.24 0.21 0.21 MgO 2.23 1.78 7.84 3.50 4.69 4.29 2.64 7.93 7.35 7.85 5.77 CaO 5.67 6.53 11.94 7.42 8.36 8.16 6.45 11.62 11.77 11.53 10.29 Na2O 3.97 4.45 2.22 3.43 3.23 3.79 4.35 2.03 1.67 1.68 2.64 K2O 1.49 1.92 0.65 1.17 1.31 1.53 1.65 0.97 1.05 1.19 1.36 P2O5 0.36 0.27 0.63 0.19 0.43 0.47 0.34 0.58 0.48 0.35 0.78 CO2 0.08 0.67 0.27 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.31 0.08 0.08 0.08 H2O+ 1.81 1.19 1.85 1.31 2.09 1.63 1.42 1.94 2.44 2.52 1.86 LOI 1.12 1.78 1.35 0.69 1.26 0.82 0.78 1.70 1.35 1.52 0.95 La 23.82 29.54 26.35 18.26 28.97 38.38 33.89 32.61 15.97 13.12 38.16 Ce 43.44 48.01 51.99 35.66 60.23 81.47 67.44 76.62 41.48 33.47 81.39 Pr 5.62 5.35 6.81 4.69 8.03 10.75 8.45 10.52 6.79 5.71 11.24 Nd 21.35 18.86 27.26 19.00 31.45 40.60 32.05 42.28 31.52 25.65 43.75 Sm 4.06 3.07 5.92 4.48 6.21 7.71 5.98 8.97 7.84 6.36 8.58 Eu 1.58 1.39 1.51 1.34 1.85 2.18 1.78 2.24 2.27 1.92 2.26 Gd 3.36 2.43 5.01 4.42 5.15 6.84 5.12 7.42 7.87 6.28 7.07 Tb 0.50 0.31 0.76 0.75 0.82 1.13 0.78 1.13 1.28 1.05 1.10 Dy 2.75 1.66 3.88 4.55 4.54 6.70 4.38 5.84 7.54 5.95 5.99 Ho 0.53 0.30 0.76 0.96 0.89 1.43 0.83 1.16 1.54 1.17 1.14 Er 1.44 0.79 2.02 2.84 2.36 4.13 2.29 3.24 4.17 3.25 3.09 Tm 0.22 0.14 0.31 0.47 0.36 0.65 0.35 0.50 0.61 0.48 0.45 Yb 1.32 0.77 1.89 3.00 2.23 4.4 2.16 2.88 3.69 2.90 2.72 Lu 0.19 0.11 0.26 0.45 0.31 0.68 0.30 0.41 0.52 0.42 0.37 V 103.80 51.35 170.02 234.01 164.30 167.70 114.30 227.70 308.90 259.60 215.60 Co 8.26 6.61 30.44 19.48 18.85 20.38 13.36 27.16 42.49 39.07 28.97 Ni 2.45 4.22 45.05 1.27 15.90 10.15 1.60 61.81 41.92 32.21 28.05 Ga 20.85 21.97 15.23 19.73 20.70 20.29 20.80 18.35 20.62 18.13 20.10 Rb 85.73 70.83 26.43 39.83 85.22 54.30 46.98 53.60 36.50 58.36 55.66 Sr 673.47 461.41 749.30 412.02 544.87 831.62 707.88 755.55 364.93 399.98 719.08 Y 13.86 7.90 18.99 24.76 22.30 35.85 21.15 29.3 36.33 28.08 29.46 Zr 522.7 148.30 71.10 101.20 112.50 332.90 226.8 87.00 79.90 65.60 142.30 Nb 12.11 3.47 6.80 8.26 12.20 10.52 10.21 11.62 11.26 7.54 12.70 Cs 4.63 1.87 1.03 4.80 5.62 4.60 2.72 4.50 1.88 4.28 4.51 Ba 649.2 537.00 229.64 420.71 402.50 729.80 769.50 254.74 135.60 131.30 472.90 Hf 20.99 7.26 3.38 7.93 8.77 18.61 14.79 5.41 4.55 3.47 9.16 Ta 0.63 0.20 0.44 0.83 0.95 0.64 0.42 0.68 1.00 1.12 0.62 Pb 13.69 12.74 7.11 7.91 11.21 8.54 10.67 6.46 4.99 4.53 7.41 Th 0.46 0.36 0.90 0.53 0.86 0.88 0.55 0.91 0.40 0.37 0.54 U 0.17 0.26 0.28 0.11 0.33 0.10 0.09 0.21 0.26 0.13 0.14 注：主量元素单位为%，微量元素和稀土元素单位为×10-6
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