Late Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence and geologic significance of the Kaolao Tableland in the Yuncheng Basin
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摘要:
古汾河改道是运城盆地新生代时期一次重要的地表巨变过程,对于古汾河改道时限目前仍存在着中更新世和晚更新世2种观点,尚未有统一的定论。研究以运城盆地栲栳塬晚更新世沉积序列为调查对象,在光释光测年的基础上,厘定了沉积序列转换的关键时限;结合碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素测年,分析了栲栳塬晚更新世沉积序列的成因及地质主控因素。研究认为:运城盆地栲栳塬晚更新世沉积序列具有双层结构的特点,下部为一套河流相砂体,上部为一套风成相黄土,二者之间的界限大约在7.6~6.3万年;碎屑锆石年龄序列对比分析认为,栲栳塬晚更新世早期的河流相沉积与运城盆地汾河古河道的沉积特征基本一致,晚更新世中期,由于峨眉台地的区域性抬升,古汾河发生改道进而退出运城盆地,栲栳塬早期的河流相沉积之上开始接受持续的风成相沉积;运城盆地晚更新世中期的构造抬升事件在鄂尔多斯盆地周缘均有响应,预示着青藏高原在该时期存在一期明显的构造隆升,其远程效应是造成汾河改道退出运城盆地的主要动力。该研究成果从沉积角度为运城盆地古汾河的改道时限提供了新的证据。
Abstract:The ancient Fen River diversion was a crucial earth's surface transformation in the Yuncheng Basin during the Cenozoic. The time frame for the diversion of the ancient Fen River is still characterized by two views: the middle Pleistocene and the late Pleistocene, which has yet to be finalized. This study investigated the late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence of the Kaolao Tableland in the Yuncheng Basin, and the critical time frame of the sedimentary sequence transition was determined based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results. The causes of the late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence of the Kaolao Tableland and the geological factors that controlled the sequence were analyzed using detrital zircon U–Pb isotope dating. It is concluded that the late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence of the Kaolao Tableland in the Yuncheng Basin is characterized by a two-layer structure, with fluvial sands in the lower part and eolian loess in the upper part. Based on the OSL dating results, the formation time of the boundary between these two parts is between ~76–63 ka B.P. Comparative analysis of detrital zircon age sequences indicates that the early Pleistocene fluvial sands in the Kaolao Tableland and sediments in the ancient Fen River have similar age sequence characteristics. Therefore, it can be deduced that the regional tectonic uplift of the northeastern Emei Terrace in the middle of the late Pleistocene resulted in the diversion and exit of the ancient Fen River from the Yuncheng Basin and the sedimentary facies began to change from fluvial to eolian. The tectonic uplift in the middle of the late Pleistocene extensively developed around the Ordos Basin, and that indicates a significant tectonic uplift of the Tibet Plateau during this time, whose remote effect might be the major cause for the exit of the ancient Fen River from the Yuncheng Basin. This research provides new sedimentary evidence for the time frame of the ancient Fen River diversion in the Yuncheng Basin.
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Key words:
- fluvial facies /
- eolian loess /
- ancient Fen River /
- late Pleistocene /
- Yuncheng Basin /
- Zircon U-Pb ages
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图 3 运城盆地第四系典型剖面特征
a、b—栲栳塬尊村晚更新世剖面;c—涑水平原王过村晚更新世剖面;d—涑水平原北杨姚村晚更新世剖面;e—峨眉台地孤山山前离石−马兰黄土剖面;f—峨眉台地大荔离石−马兰黄土剖面
Figure 3. Typical Quaternary sections in the Yuncheng Basin
(a and b)Late Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence in the Zuncun section of the Kaolao Tableland; (c) Late Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence in the Wangguocun section of the Sushui Plain; (d) Late Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence in the Beiyangyaocun section of the Sushui Plain; (e) Lishi–Malan loess stratigraphic sequence at the front of Gushan Mountain in the Emei Terrace; (f) Lishi–Malan loess stratigraphic sequence in the Dali section in the Emei Terrace
表 1 光释光样品年龄测试结果
Table 1. Optically stimulated luminescence ages
序号 野外编号 U/ Th/ K/ 测试粒径/ 测试方法 环境剂量率/ 等效剂量/ 年龄/ (μg/g) (μg/g) % μm (Gy/ka) Gy ka 1 ZC-OSL-1 1.61 6.90 1.87 4~11 SMAR 2.92±0.22 323.51±31.98 110.63±13.65 2 ZC-OSL-2 2.52 10.80 1.83 4~11 SMAR 3.55±0.25 270.25±31.45 76.22±10.40 3 ZC-OSL-3 2.46 11.50 1.66 4~11 SMAR 3.46±0.24 220.04±16.64 63.69±6.57 4 YC03-OSL 2.76 12.30 1.60 4~11 SMAR 4.15±0.25 179.36±14.76 43.26±5.60 5 YC01-OSL 1.93 9.71 1.86 4~11 SMAR 3.82±0.23 300.26±28.10 78.54±10.76 6 SG05-OSL 11.00 12.40 1.86 4~11 SMAR 7.53±0.22 508.89±0.58 67.57±7.88 7 SG08-OSL 1.90 7.09 2.09 4~11 SMAR 3.77±0.21 467.56±48.60 124.09±17.90 表 2 ZC-Zr-1样品碎屑锆石年龄测试结果
Table 2. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from the sample ZC-Zr-1
测试点号 含量/×10−6 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ ZC-Zr-1 178.0 222.0 199 11.0402 0.1939 0.4822 0.0049 2509 29 2537 21 ZC-Zr-3 31.1 268.0 638 0.2821 0.0071 0.0386 0.0003 320 57 244 2 ZC-Zr-4 19.6 115.0 226 0.5196 0.0144 0.0678 0.0006 435 63 423 4 ZC-Zr-5 8.5 64.1 111 0.3331 0.0159 0.0442 0.0006 433 145 279 4 ZC-Zr-6 7.0 62.8 103 0.2817 0.0168 0.0404 0.0006 250 139 255 4 ZC-Zr-7 160.0 155.0 247 9.1073 0.1536 0.4299 0.0035 2383 29 2305 16 ZC-Zr-8 6.9 75.3 114 0.3095 0.0172 0.0426 0.0005 328 119 269 3 ZC-Zr-9 54.9 14.1 102 10.4488 0.1983 0.4628 0.0043 2492 31 2452 19 ZC-Zr-10 13.2 68.4 132 0.5638 0.0219 0.0741 0.0008 413 83 461 5 ZC-Zr-11 55.5 31.7 139 5.9408 0.1088 0.3519 0.0031 1990 38 1944 15 ZC-Zr-12 215.5 54.2 670 5.1155 0.0827 0.3243 0.0030 1866 27 1810 15 ZC-Zr-13 6.0 69.8 93 0.3093 0.0184 0.0443 0.0007 300 147 279 4 ZC-Zr-14 27.1 24.4 67 5.1031 0.1029 0.3287 0.0030 1843 38 1832 14 ZC-Zr-15 55.0 92.1 99 5.0927 0.1013 0.3252 0.0030 1854 41 1815 14 ZC-Zr-16 232.0 601.0 275 4.8464 0.0892 0.3108 0.0024 1842 33 1745 12 ZC-Zr-17 42.5 34.2 108 5.2593 0.0967 0.3294 0.0027 1890 35 1835 13 ZC-Zr-18 69.9 119.0 410 1.5147 0.0254 0.1545 0.0012 954 35 926 6 ZC-Zr-19 87.5 154.0 166 4.5015 0.0811 0.3013 0.0027 1769 33 1698 14 ZC-Zr-20 250.0 202.0 415 9.2668 0.1540 0.4139 0.0044 2474 24 2233 20 ZC-Zr-21 87.9 84.1 132 9.0100 0.1552 0.4541 0.0051 2272 27 2414 22 ZC-Zr-22 33.0 34.5 64 6.4872 0.1475 0.3737 0.0041 2037 39 2047 19 ZC-Zr-23 271.0 52.5 590 8.8208 0.1462 0.4171 0.0037 2379 28 2247 17 ZC-Zr-24 242.0 148.0 389 10.4343 0.1845 0.4769 0.0044 2437 30 2514 19 ZC-Zr-25 51.9 51.9 72 9.4711 0.1963 0.4489 0.0047 2377 35 2390 21 ZC-Zr-26 145.5 72.3 251 10.4246 0.1710 0.4677 0.0041 2466 28 2474 18 ZC-Zr-27 106.8 146.0 150 7.7183 0.1212 0.3885 0.0032 2272 27 2116 15 ZC-Zr-28 151.0 190.0 160 10.9927 0.1621 0.4756 0.0038 2529 25 2508 17 ZC-Zr-29 117.6 123.0 147 10.5719 0.1535 0.4671 0.0041 2495 26 2471 18 ZC-Zr-30 104.2 97.9 246 5.3593 0.0908 0.3345 0.0032 1892 30 1860 15 ZC-Zr-31 94.4 126.0 111 9.4867 0.1727 0.4453 0.0042 2391 31 2374 19 ZC-Zr-33 30.0 40.9 60 4.8823 0.1041 0.3259 0.0029 1768 39 1818 14 ZC-Zr-34 89.3 111.0 117 8.7490 0.1420 0.4248 0.0032 2332 29 2282 14 ZC-Zr-35 79.6 69.0 182 5.9436 0.1270 0.3477 0.0051 2006 30 1924 24 ZC-Zr-36 149.0 203.0 301 5.0792 0.0822 0.3330 0.0028 1811 28 1853 13 ZC-Zr-37 118.0 86.5 209 8.6450 0.1388 0.4113 0.0030 2365 27 2221 14 ZC-Zr-38 305.0 170.0 519 9.8174 0.1598 0.4553 0.0041 2409 27 2419 18 ZC-Zr-39 16.8 165.0 226 0.3800 0.0130 0.0499 0.0006 428 80 314 4 ZC-Zr-40 88.7 49.1 144 10.6158 0.2174 0.4693 0.0047 2490 33 2481 21 ZC-Zr-42 23.1 327.0 339 0.2811 0.0087 0.0398 0.0004 254 68 252 3 ZC-Zr-43 72.4 65.8 176 5.1621 0.0965 0.3275 0.0030 1862 34 1826 14 ZC-Zr-44 68.6 45.6 215 4.3364 0.0796 0.2955 0.0028 1732 33 1669 14 ZC-Zr-45 42.5 63.0 82 4.9999 0.1002 0.3271 0.0030 1806 35 1824 15 ZC-Zr-46 81.1 49.9 263 4.8733 0.1316 0.2961 0.0056 1931 31 1672 28 ZC-Zr-48 20.8 176.0 368 0.3247 0.0107 0.0434 0.0004 372 74 274 2 ZC-Zr-49 352.0 220.0 855 5.7795 0.0953 0.3542 0.0029 1926 30 1955 14 ZC-Zr-50 205.0 161.0 317 10.3477 0.1869 0.4496 0.0042 2522 29 2393 19 ZC-Zr-51 45.2 91.0 61 5.8441 0.1351 0.3509 0.0036 1973 41 1939 17 ZC-Zr-52 150.0 130.0 357 5.7726 0.0950 0.3524 0.0032 1936 26 1946 15 ZC-Zr-53 59.9 77.4 69 10.3819 0.2011 0.4559 0.0048 2508 31 2421 21 ZC-Zr-54 173.5 114.0 440 5.5781 0.0857 0.3453 0.0026 1910 26 1912 12 ZC-Zr-55 256.0 217.0 611 5.8320 0.0968 0.3474 0.0030 1989 28 1922 14 ZC-Zr-56 122.5 117.0 174 9.7395 0.1684 0.4618 0.0043 2376 27 2447 19 ZC-Zr-57 54.8 41.8 99 8.7842 0.1904 0.4025 0.0044 2433 39 2181 20 ZC-Zr-58 210.0 258.0 692 3.7252 0.0818 0.2509 0.0032 1754 33 1443 16 ZC-Zr-59 109.9 71.9 310 4.9964 0.0911 0.3158 0.0028 1873 33 1769 14 ZC-Zr-60 159.4 52.4 455 5.8807 0.1222 0.3431 0.0043 2009 25 1902 21 ZC-Zr-61 63.2 118.0 92 5.8926 0.1198 0.3513 0.0032 1974 35 1941 15 ZC-Zr-62 7.4 68.9 143 0.3139 0.0156 0.0427 0.0006 350 113 270 3 ZC-Zr-63 22.9 47.4 40 4.3841 0.1139 0.3076 0.0033 1688 51 1729 16 ZC-Zr-64 41.5 66.9 80 5.1611 0.1066 0.3291 0.0030 1857 39 1834 15 ZC-Zr-65 83.4 125.0 95 9.2125 0.1785 0.4353 0.0037 2377 34 2329 16 ZC-Zr-66 9.5 75.8 186 0.3220 0.0133 0.0421 0.0005 428 88 266 3 ZC-Zr-68 5.0 62.4 58 0.3527 0.0229 0.0461 0.0007 487 156 290 5 ZC-Zr-69 77.4 118.0 157 5.1547 0.1026 0.3174 0.0038 1915 34 1777 19 ZC-Zr-70 36.3 4.9 86 7.6336 0.1864 0.3970 0.0047 2206 39 2155 22 ZC-Zr-71 31.4 446.0 357 0.3435 0.0122 0.0463 0.0005 339 78 292 3 ZC-Zr-72 35.2 61.8 67 5.2428 0.1118 0.3185 0.0028 1943 40 1782 14 ZC-Zr-73 208.0 194.0 304 9.8833 0.1682 0.4546 0.0040 2433 31 2416 18 ZC-Zr-74 196.3 109.0 357 9.3918 0.1663 0.4410 0.0038 2387 31 2355 17 ZC-Zr-75 154.1 77.1 419 5.4923 0.0902 0.3406 0.0030 1902 31 1890 14 ZC-Zr-76 59.6 181.0 35 5.1197 0.1492 0.3317 0.0042 1828 53 1847 20 ZC-Zr-77 180.0 164.0 231 11.3982 0.1651 0.4871 0.0045 2547 25 2558 20 ZC-Zr-78 100.3 143.0 189 5.5238 0.0798 0.3460 0.0028 1881 26 1916 13 ZC-Zr-79 66.7 97.2 131 5.1919 0.0913 0.3367 0.0031 1817 30 1871 15 ZC-Zr-80 148.0 256.0 249 5.3470 0.0685 0.3361 0.0026 1872 20 1868 13 ZC-Zr-81 261.8 44.0 502 10.8036 0.0939 0.4687 0.0028 2517 12 2478 12 ZC-Zr-82 91.2 56.7 172 8.6002 0.1040 0.4248 0.0031 2298 17 2282 14 ZC-Zr-83 75.2 101.0 137 5.9456 0.0797 0.3577 0.0030 1955 22 1971 14 ZC-Zr-84 33.8 52.4 64 5.1114 0.0910 0.3308 0.0034 1833 34 1842 17 ZC-Zr-85 28.2 130.0 120 1.1959 0.0293 0.1327 0.0012 787 54 803 7 ZC-Zr-86 52.5 78.4 51 10.1950 0.1988 0.4567 0.0049 2473 33 2425 22 ZC-Zr-87 49.1 36.2 126 5.3148 0.0934 0.3371 0.0028 1865 33 1873 14 ZC-Zr-88 58.5 76.5 64 10.3817 0.1800 0.4674 0.0041 2465 30 2472 18 ZC-Zr-89 152.1 43.4 600 3.6819 0.0564 0.2603 0.0019 1665 28 1492 10 ZC-Zr-90 81.2 88.8 175 5.6034 0.1152 0.3492 0.0039 1896 35 1931 19 ZC-Zr-91 172.2 42.8 548 4.9117 0.1059 0.3012 0.0035 1924 35 1697 17 ZC-Zr-92 114.9 86.5 188 9.4665 0.1569 0.4502 0.0039 2372 28 2396 17 ZC-Zr-93 7.6 207.0 249 0.1381 0.0077 0.0198 0.0003 256 131 126 2 ZC-Zr-94 14.3 124.0 271 0.3047 0.0118 0.0434 0.0005 254 88 274 3 ZC-Zr-95 9.5 95.8 103 0.4088 0.0210 0.0574 0.0008 287 122 360 5 ZC-Zr-96 44.0 48.1 105 4.8837 0.0924 0.3297 0.0031 1755 35 1837 15 ZC-Zr-97 89.4 37.5 221 6.2711 0.1077 0.3753 0.0038 1972 62 2054 18 ZC-Zr-98 42.4 65.1 108 4.0810 0.0914 0.2842 0.0037 1694 37 1612 19 ZC-Zr-99 84.8 111.0 184 5.1797 0.0918 0.3282 0.0026 1866 31 1830 13 ZC-Zr-100 13.4 85.8 165 0.4931 0.0197 0.0646 0.0007 443 93 403 4 ZC-Zr-101 10.5 126.0 160 0.3281 0.0156 0.0425 0.0006 461 107 269 4 ZC-Zr-102 16.9 131.0 298 0.3390 0.0128 0.0477 0.0006 333 89 301 4 -
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