Abstract: The tectonic background of the Markang earthquake swarms is complex, and the coseismic earthquake disasters are developed. Studying on the tectonic environment of earthquakes is the basis for analyzing and predicting earthquake risks. Studying on the distribution laws and characteristics of geological coseismic geological disasters of the earthquake swarms type is conducive to revealing the differences of geological disasters induced by different types of earthquakes, and could provide guidance for the prevention and prediction of secondary geological disasters induced by earthquake . Based on the seismic sequence data, regional tectonic environment research results, regional crustal deformation research data, and geological disaster data in the short term after the earthquake, this paper discussed the regional and deep tectonic environment of the Markang M6. 0 earthquake swarms and the main factors controlling the coseismic geological disasters. The research shows that: (1) the Markang earthquake swarm of magnitude 6.0 is a deep stick slip earthquake that occurred in the strong seismic gap on the secondary fault in the Bayan Har block with strong activity on the peripheral boundary, and multiple earthquakes with similar magnitudes may be the result of the secondary fault rupture of the Songgang fault and the successive rupture of the partition between them; (2) A total of 83 new geological hazards were induced by the earthquake, resulting in 106 more deformation at the hidden danger points of the reservoir, and many high level landslides and a series of earthquake cracked mountains. After the earthquake, the areas of the extremely high, high and medium risk geological hazards in Caodeng Township accounted for 1.62%, 4.80% and 12.37% respectively; (3) The control factors of coseismic geological disasters from primary to secondary are seismogenic fault and its linkage fault, earthquake magnitude and energy attenuation, terrain slope and height difference, rock mass structure and structural plane density. The intersection area of Songgang fault and Longriba active fault that caused the earthquake has a high risk of strong earthquakes in the future, and the risk of geological disasters around the earthquake generating fault and the fault with its linkage effect is high during earthquakes. The research results can provide reference for understanding the earthquake risk around and inside the Bayan Har block and predicting the secondary disasters in potential earthquakes.