Geochronology and petrogeochemical characteristics of U-bearing granites in the Dongshang deposit, northwestern Jiangxi, China and its geological significance
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摘要:
洞上铀矿床位于赣西北九岭岩基南部甘坊岩体内，产铀花岗岩以中粗粒斑状黑（二）云母花岗岩为主。通过锆石及独居石U–Pb年代学、岩相学和岩石地球化学研究，确定产铀花岗岩的形成时代、源区属性与岩石成因，探讨其铀成矿潜力。LA–ICP–MS分析结果显示，锆石U–Pb下交点年龄和加权平均年龄均为152±1 Ma，独居石U-Pb下交点年龄和加权平均年龄分别为151±1 Ma和151±2 Ma，表明产铀花岗岩形成于燕山早期。主量元素具有高硅（SiO2含量为72.1%～75.6%）、高碱（K2O+Na2O含量为7.26%～8.43%）、富钾贫钠（K2O/Na2O=1.07～1.42）、高铝（A/CNK=1.12～1.29）、低钛（TiO2含量为0.07%～0.17%）、贫铁镁（FeOT含量为0.75%～1.28%、MgO含量为0.19%～0.31%）特征，属高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩；微量元素Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti亏损，Rb、U、Pb、Ta富集，属典型的低Ba、Sr花岗岩；稀土总量较低（∑REE=21.6×10−6～50.7×10−6），配分曲线为右倾的轻稀土富集型，Eu负异常明显，属S型花岗岩。结合年代学和岩石地球化学特征，认为洞上产铀花岗岩形成于燕山早期同碰撞造山的主挤压阶段，是新元古界双桥山群安乐林组富白云母的变泥质岩部分熔融的产物。富铀、Rb/Sr比值高、Th/U比值小于3、锆石铀含量高等特征指示该花岗岩为产铀花岗岩，具有提供铀源的条件与潜力。
Abstract:The Dongshang Uranium Deposit is situated in the southern section of the Ganfang Pluton in the Jiuling Orogenic Belt of northwestern Jiangxi Province. The U-bearing granites consist mainly of medium- to coarse-grained, porphyritic biotite(binary) granite. Through zircon and monazite U-Pb geochronology, petrology, and rock geochemistry studies, the U-bearing granites' age, source characteristics, and rock genesis were determined, and their uranium metallogenic potential was also discussed. The LA-ICP-MS analysis showed that the zircon U-Pb intercept and weighted average ages are both 152±1 Ma, and the monazite U-Pb intercept and weighted average ages are 151±1 Ma and 151±2 Ma, respectively, indicating the formation of the U-bearing granites during the early Yanshan period. The major elements exhibit the characteristic of high silica content (SiO2 ranging from 72.1% to 75.6%), high alkalis content (K2O+Na2O ranging from 7.26% to 8.43%), potassium-rich and sodium-poor (K2O/Na2O=1.07 to 1.42), high aluminum (A/CNK=1.12 to 1.29), low titanium content (TiO2 ranging from 0.07% to 0.17%), and iron-poor magnesium (FeOT ranging from 0.75% to 1.28%, MgO ranging from 0.19% to 0.31%), classifying the U-bearing granites as high potassium calcalkaline peraluminous granites. Trace elements Ba, Sr, Nb, and Ti are depleted, while Rb, U, Pb, and Ta are enriched, representing a typical low Ba, Sr granite. The total rare earth elements (ΣREE) are relatively low (∑REE=21.6×10−6 to 50.7×10−6), exhibiting a right-dipping light rare earth enrichment pattern with a prominent negative Eu anomaly, which belongs to S-type granites. Based on geochronology and rock geochemical features, it's suggested that the Dongshang U-bearing granites were formed during the syn-collision compressional setting, resulting from the partial melting of the muscovite-rich metapelites of the Anlelin Formation in the Neoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group. High uranium content, high Rb/Sr ratios, Th/U ratios less than 3, and high zircon uranium contents indicate the potential for uranium ore-forming conditions within these granites.
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图 1 九岭地区大地构造位置及铀矿地质简图
1—第四系；2—古近系；3—上白垩统；4—奥陶系；5—寒武系；6—下南华统；7—新元古界双桥山群；8—晋宁期花岗岩；9—燕山早期第一阶段花岗岩；10—燕山早期第二阶段花岗岩；11—燕山晚期花岗岩；12—细晶岩脉、花岗斑岩脉；13—推滑覆断层、剥离断层；14—断裂构造；15—不整合界线；16—地质界线；17—岩相界线；18—铀矿床及名称a—大地构造位置简图（张勇，2018）；b—铀矿地质简图
Figure 1. Geotectonic location map and uranium geological map of Jiuling area
(a) Geotectonic location map (Zhang, 2018); (b) Uranium geological map 1–Quaternary; 2–Paleogene; 3–Upper Cretaceous; 4–Ordovician; 5–Cambrian; 6–Lower Nanhuan System; 7–Neoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group; 8–Granite of Jinning Period; 9–Granite of first stage in Early Yanshanian; 10–Granite of second stage in Early Yanshanian; 11–Granite of Late Yanshanian; 12–fine-grain dike or ranite-porphyry vein; 13–nappe structure; 14–fault structure; 15–unconformity; 16–geological boundary; 17–lithologic interface; 18–uranium deposit
图 2 洞上地区铀矿地质简图（据周建廷等，2011；秦程，2018修编）
1—新元古界双桥山群；2—晋宁期花岗闪长岩；3—晋宁期二长花岗岩；4—燕山早期第一阶段花岗岩；5—燕山早期第二阶段花岗岩；6—燕山晚期第一阶段花岗岩；7—细晶岩脉、花岗斑岩脉；8—断裂构造；9—地质界线、岩相界线；10—铀矿床及名称；11—取样位置及编号
Figure 2. Uranium geological map of Dongshang deposit（modified after Zhou et al., 2011; Qin, 2018）
1–Neoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group; 2–granodiorite of Jinning Period; 3–monzonitic granite of Jinning Period; 4–granite of first stage in Early Yanshanian; 5–granite of second stage in Early Yanshanian; 6–granite of Late Yanshanian; 7–fine-grain dike or ranite-porphyry vein; 8–fault structure; 9–geological boundary or lithologic interface; 10–uranium deposit; 11–sampling point and number
图 3 洞上产铀花岗岩岩石学特征
Qtz—石英；Pl—斜长石；Ms—白云母；Chl—绿泥石；Kfs—钾长石a—浅肉红色中粗粒斑状黑（二）云母花岗岩；b—似斑状结构，图中石英斑晶超出视域（+）；c—斜长石被白云母交代，绿泥石呈黑云母假晶（+）；d—绿泥石和白云母组成黑云母的假晶（+）；e—野外露头，发育钾长石化、褐铁矿化；f—岩石手标本，见钾长石化、水云母化
Figure 3. Petrological characteristics of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
(a) medium-coarse biotite granite; (b) orphyritic texture (+); (c) muscovitize (+); (d) chloritization and muscovitize (+); (e) K-alferation and ferritization of geological outcrop; (f) K-alferation and hydromicazation of hand specimens
图 4 洞上产铀花岗岩CL图像、测点位置及206Pb/238U视年龄值
Figure 4. CL images，analysis point and 206Pb/238U apparent ages of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
图 5 洞上产铀花岗岩锆石U–Pb谐和图和加权平均206Pb/238U年龄图
Figure 5. Concordia diagrams of the zircon U–Pb dating and weighted mean diagrams of 206Pb/238U apparent ages for the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
图 6 洞上产铀花岗岩独居石U–Pb谐和图和加权平均206Pb/238U年龄图
Figure 6. Concordia diagrams of the monazite U–Pb dating and weighted mean diagrams of 206Pb/238U apparent ages for the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
图 7 洞上产铀花岗岩主量元素图解
JL数据为文中分析结果，GF数据引自王迪（2017）a—SiO2−(K2O+Na2O)图（Middlemost，1994）；b—SiO2−K2O图（Peccerillo and Taylor，1976）；c—A/CNK−ANK图（Maniar and Piccoli，1989）；d—SiO2−P2O5图
Figure 7. Main element diagrams of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
(a) SiO2–(K2O+Na2O) diagram (Middlemost, 1994); (b)SiO2–K2O diagram (Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976); (c) A/CNK–ANK diagram (Maniar and Piccoli, 1989); (d) SiO2–P2O5 diagram The JL data was analyzed for this article; The GF data was quoted from Wang (2017).
图 8 洞上产铀花岗岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图及稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线（标准化数值引自Sun and McDonough （1989））
JL数据为此研究分析结果，GF数据引自王迪（2017）a—微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图；b—稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线
Figure 8. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram and chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit (normalized values after Sun and McDonough(1989))
(a) Primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram; (b) Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patternThe JL data was analyzed for this article; The GF data was quoted from Wang (2017).
图 9 洞上产铀花岗岩岩石类型判别图解
FG—酸性花岗岩；OGT—未发生分异花岗岩；JL数据为文中分析结果，GF数据引自王迪（2017）a—（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）−（（K2O+Na2O）/Ca2O）图解（底图引自Whalen et al.（1987））；b—（Zr+Ce+Y）−（Rb/Ba）图解（底图引自Whalen et al.（1987））
Figure 9. Discrimination diagrams for the rock-type of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
(a) (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)–((K2O+Na2O)/Ca2O) diagram (Schema from Whalen et al.(1987)); (b) (Zr+Ce+Y)–(Rb/Ba) diagram (Schema from Whalen et al.(1987))
图 10 洞上产铀花岗岩源区属性判别图解
JL数据为文中分析结果，GF数据引自王迪（2017）a—Rb/Sr−Rb/Ba图解（底图引自Sylvester（1998））；b—NK/MFT−NKMFT图解（底图引自Lee et al.（2003））
Figure 10. Discrimination diagrams for the source characteristics of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
(a) Rb/Sr–Rb/Ba diagram (Schema from Sylvester (1998)); (b) NK/MFT–NKMFT diagram (Schema from Lee et al. (2003))
图 11 洞上产铀花岗岩构造环境判别图解
syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩；WPG—板内花岗岩；post-COLG—后碰撞花岗岩；VAG—火山弧花岗岩；ORG—洋脊花岗岩；JL数据为文中分析结果，GF数据引自王迪（2017）a—Rb–（Y+Nb）图解（底图引自Pearce（1996））；b—Ta–Yb图解（底图引自Pearce（1996））
Figure 11. Discrimination diagrams for the tectonic environment of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
(a) Rb–(Y+Nb) diagram (Schema from Pearce (1996)); (b)Ta–Yb diagram (Schema from Pearce (1996))
表 1 洞上产铀花岗岩锆石LA–ICP–MS U–Pb定年分析结果
Table 1. Data of LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
测点号 含量/（×10−6） 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ JL2020-7-02 16 237 691 0.0511 0.0010 0.1715 0.0035 0.0244 0.0002 244 40 161 3 155 1 JL2020-7-03 39 531 5890 0.0507 0.0003 0.1676 0.0013 0.0240 0.0001 227 16 157 1 153 1 JL2020-7-05 58 792 2140 0.0520 0.0005 0.1707 0.0025 0.0238 0.0003 287 22 160 2 152 2 JL2020-7-08 28 434 510 0.0499 0.0013 0.1642 0.0039 0.0239 0.0002 192 50 154 3 152 1 JL2020-7-11 127 1980 3700 0.0564 0.0009 0.1910 0.0040 0.0245 0.0002 470 33 177 3 156 2 JL2020-7-13 15 234 632 0.0484 0.0021 0.1600 0.0070 0.0240 0.0005 118 85 151 6 153 3 JL2020-7-15 14 192 725 0.0488 0.0008 0.1601 0.0026 0.0238 0.0002 139 33 151 2 152 1 JL2020-7-16 80 1022 3380 0.0531 0.0009 0.1776 0.0029 0.0243 0.0002 332 36 166 3 155 1 JL2020-7-17 22 295 607 0.0493 0.0009 0.1611 0.0031 0.0237 0.0002 163 38 152 3 151 1 JL2020-7-18 14 132 270 0.0660 0.0027 0.2240 0.0095 0.0246 0.0003 805 85 205 8 157 2 JL2020-7-19 12 179 225 0.0503 0.0016 0.1635 0.0049 0.0236 0.0003 207 60 154 5 150 2 JL2020-7-20 8 111 196 0.0514 0.0017 0.1700 0.0055 0.0240 0.0002 260 60 159 5 153 1 JL2020-7-23 26 384 523 0.0485 0.0014 0.1591 0.0046 0.0238 0.0002 123 60 150 4 152 1 JL2020-7-25 37 494 4680 0.0523 0.0007 0.1725 0.0025 0.0239 0.0003 298 31 162 2 152 2 JL2020-7-28 10 102 135 0.0696 0.0032 0.2390 0.0090 0.0249 0.0008 917 95 218 8 159 5 JL2020-7-31 23 310 361 0.0577 0.0015 0.1950 0.0050 0.0245 0.0003 520 55 181 4 156 2 JL2020-7-32 28 418 909 0.0496 0.0008 0.1629 0.0027 0.0238 0.0002 177 34 153 2 152 1 JL2020-7-33 24 308 720 0.0498 0.0010 0.1641 0.0034 0.0239 0.0002 187 42 154 3 152 1 JL2020-7-34 21 325 360 0.0508 0.0017 0.1670 0.0055 0.0239 0.0003 231 65 157 5 152 2 JL2020-7-35 11 125 333 0.0517 0.0029 0.1680 0.0095 0.0236 0.0003 273 120 158 9 150 2 JL2020-7-36 112 1560 3480 0.0562 0.0010 0.1883 0.0029 0.0243 0.0004 461 36 175 3 155 2 JL2020-7-37 43 458 3260 0.0536 0.0028 0.1780 0.0095 0.0241 0.0007 353 120 166 8 154 4 JL2020-7-39 13 167 168 0.0544 0.0032 0.1770 0.0100 0.0236 0.0005 386 120 165 9 150 3 JL2020-7-40 16 196 492 0.0510 0.0017 0.1690 0.0055 0.0240 0.0003 241 70 159 5 153 2 JL2020-7-43 18 276 761 0.0491 0.0008 0.1617 0.0026 0.0239 0.0002 151 33 152 2 152 1 JL2020-7-50 26 341 229 0.0520 0.0026 0.1740 0.0100 0.0243 0.0004 286 110 163 9 155 3 JL2020-7-51 40 504 1550 0.0590 0.0012 0.1981 0.0037 0.0244 0.0002 567 46 184 3 155 1 JL2020-7-53 28 285 247 0.0606 0.0037 0.2030 0.0120 0.0243 0.0006 625 125 188 10 155 3 JL2020-7-54 20 265 5050 0.0517 0.0007 0.1711 0.0031 0.0240 0.0003 272 31 160 3 153 2 
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表 2 洞上产铀花岗岩独居石LA–ICP–MS U–Pb定年分析结果
Table 2. Data of LA–ICP–MS monaite U–Pb dating of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
测点号 含量/（×10−6） 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Th U 207Pb/235U 2σ 206Pb/238U 2σ 207Pb/235U 2σ 206Pb/238U 2σ JLD2020-7-01 191064 11305 0.1530 0.0095 0.0230 0.0007 145 8 147 5 JLD2020-7-03 176267 7805 0.1592 0.0096 0.0244 0.0007 150 8 156 5 JLD2020-7-04 179808 3833 0.1794 0.0176 0.0241 0.0008 168 15 153 5 JLD2020-7-05 179094 9668 0.1589 0.0095 0.0239 0.0007 150 8 152 5 JLD2020-7-07 217554 3884 0.1591 0.0132 0.0236 0.0007 150 12 151 5 JLD2020-7-09 185410 7891 0.1733 0.0103 0.0240 0.0008 162 9 153 5 JLD2020-7-10 185511 6457 0.1512 0.0086 0.0237 0.0007 143 8 151 5 JLD2020-7-13 187573 10423 0.1592 0.0088 0.0233 0.0006 150 8 148 4 JLD2020-7-15 161676 6801 0.1586 0.0123 0.0242 0.0007 149 11 154 5 JLD2020-7-16 181397 6335 0.1616 0.0096 0.0242 0.0007 152 8 154 5 JLD2020-7-17 88445 12300 0.1550 0.0089 0.0235 0.0007 146 8 150 4 JLD2020-7-18 182585 7128 0.1611 0.0104 0.0237 0.0006 152 9 151 4 JLD2020-7-19 180762 5964 0.1689 0.0132 0.0240 0.0007 158 11 153 5 JLD2020-7-21 187512 9102 0.1572 0.0096 0.0235 0.0006 148 8 150 4 JLD2020-7-24 131495 27231 0.1476 0.0069 0.0229 0.0007 140 6 146 4 JLD2020-7-02 104575 13748 0.4302 0.0349 0.0273 0.0009 363 25 174 6 JLD2020-7-11 231240 2392 0.8941 0.1181 0.0314 0.0013 649 63 199 8 JLD2020-7-20 177503 5259 0.7670 0.1135 0.0304 0.0014 578 65 193 9 JLD2020-7-22 176812 4865 0.2169 0.0160 0.0246 0.0008 199 13 156 5
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表 3 洞上产铀花岗岩主量元素（%）、微量元素（×10−6）及稀土元素（×10−6）分析结果
Table 3. The analytical results major elements (%), trace elements (×10−6) and REEs (×10−6) of the U-bearing granite in Dongshang deposit
样号 JL2020-6 JL2020-7 JL2020-8 GF8-1 GF9-1 GF10-1 GF11-1 元素 中粗粒斑状黑（二）云母花岗岩 粗粒白云母花岗岩 SiO2 72.14 73.01 72.51 75.40 73.70 75.00 75.60 TiO2 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.17 0.07 Al2O3 15.17 14.93 14.97 13.50 14.30 14.00 13.60 FeOT 1.28 1.13 1.27 0.85 1.02 1.20 0.75 MnO 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.50 MgO 0.27 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.31 0.30 0.19 CaO 0.72 0.76 0.72 0.47 0.43 0.54 0.74 Na2O 3.78 3.82 3.55 3.47 3.36 3.51 3.78 K2O 4.65 4.44 4.49 4.01 4.77 3.75 4.25 P2O5 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.26 LOI 1.13 1.15 1.03 0.77 0.77 0.96 1.55 总量 99.60 99.96 99.30 99.10 99.60 99.76 100.76 K2O+Na2O 8.43 8.26 8.04 7.48 8.13 7.26 8.03 K2O/Na2O 1.23 1.16 1.26 1.16 1.42 1.07 1.12 CaO/Na2O 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.20 Al2O3/TiO2 101.13 93.31 93.56 103.85 89.38 82.35 194.29 A/CNK 1.21 1.20 1.25 1.24 1.25 1.29 1.12 A/NK 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.34 1.34 1.42 1.26 C/FM 0.47 0.56 0.47 0.43 0.32 0.36 0.79 A/FM 9.81 10.96 9.84 12.27 10.75 9.33 14.47 Rb 622.00 414.00 448.00 305.00 430.00 580.00 500.00 Sr 37.60 33.40 37.90 23.40 55.20 55.40 31.30 Y 8.50 8.58 8.37 4.30 9.63 11.40 4.73 Zr 90.00 90.00 90.00 35.60 59.90 72.80 29.30 Hf 2.01 2.12 2.21 1.07 1.69 2.08 1.11 Nb 16.70 17.10 16.70 8.30 12.10 20.90 12.90 Ta 7.41 7.39 7.51 3.07 2.09 6.07 6.03 Ba 96.70 84.50 102.00 42.80 99.70 83.00 76.70 Th 7.62 7.49 8.11 2.71 4.79 5.96 3.94 U 30.80 35.90 27.20 9.20 13.90 18.00 8.44 Pb 23.20 23.00 23.90 12.30 24.50 22.70 24.40 Ti 930.00 940.00 940.00 779.00 959.00 1019.00 420.00 P 999.00 1077.00 1038.00 1090.00 1134.00 1221.00 1134.00 Rb/Sr 16.50 12.40 11.80 13.00 7.79 10.50 16.00 Rb/Ba 6.43 4.90 4.39 7.13 4.31 6.99 6.52 Rb/Nb 37.20 24.20 26.80 36.70 35.50 27.80 38.80 Zr/Hf 44.80 42.50 40.70 33.30 35.40 35.00 26.40 Th/U 0.25 0.21 0.30 0.29 0.34 0.33 0.47 La 8.68 9.42 10.10 3.79 7.41 9.56 5.54 Ce 18.30 19.92 21.24 9.79 17.20 22.50 10.14 Pr 2.16 2.28 2.50 0.91 1.60 1.94 1.19 Nd 7.78 8.34 8.94 3.42 6.03 7.31 4.14 Sm 1.79 2.01 2.09 0.88 1.62 1.88 0.99 Eu 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.10 0.21 0.22 0.15 Gd 1.63 1.70 1.83 0.82 1.50 1.77 0.89 Tb 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.15 0.30 0.34 0.15 Dy 1.59 1.62 1.56 0.84 1.65 1.83 0.80 Ho 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.13 0.25 0.28 0.12 Er 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.36 0.64 0.74 0.35 Tm 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.05 Yb 0.61 0.61 0.81 0.32 0.54 0.70 0.33 Lu 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.05 ∑REE 44.16 47.49 50.69 21.61 39.12 49.28 24.85 LREE/HREE 7.47 7.92 8.01 6.94 6.75 7.40 8.07 δEu 0.41 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.36 0.48 (La/Yb)N 10.21 11.13 8.90 8.50 9.84 9.80 12.04 (La/Sm)N 3.13 3.03 3.12 2.78 2.95 3.28 3.61 (Gd/Yb)N 2.21 2.32 1.86 2.12 2.30 2.09 2.23 Zr+Nb+Ce+Y 739.00 523.00 558.00 419.00 532.00 676.00 706.00
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表 4 洞上产铀花岗岩、长江岩体、打鼓寨岩体岩石地球化学组分对比表
Table 4. Comparison table of petrogeochemical components of Dongshang U-bearing granite, Changjiang granite and Daguzhai granite
岩体 SiO2/% K2O+Na2O/% K2O/Na2O CaO/Na2O A/CNK ∑REE/（×10−6） LREE/HREE δEu 长江 74.00 8.22 1.81 0.31 1.11 197.0 7.38 0.21 洞上 73.90 7.95 1.20 0.17 1.22 39.6 7.51 0.39 打鼓寨 73.20 8.39 1.69 0.22 1.22 205.0 4.43 0.33 岩体 (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)/（×10−6） Zr/Hf Rb/Sr U/（×10−6） Th/U 锆石U/（×10−6） 锆石Th/（×10−6） 锆石Th/U 长江 252.00 24.60 10.50 18.00 2.22 2453 1084 0.75 洞上 107.00 36.90 12.60 20.50 0.31 2592 660 0.49 打鼓寨 249.00 33.20 6.75 19.50 2.45 68348 33230 0.48 注：打鼓寨岩体数据引自徐勋胜等（2021），长江岩体数据引自田泽瑾（2014）
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