Research on the applicability of electron spin resonance dating of the late Quaternary sinter deposits in the rift valley, southern Tibet
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摘要:
藏南裂谷区泉华(硅华和钙华)是受区域构造运动控制的水热活动产物，其形成年代对研究该区域水热活动历史有着重要意义。电子自旋共振(ESR)测年法是一种测定泉华年龄的有效测年手段。但存在硅华样品成分复杂，其ESR测年信号具有混合叠加、相互干扰的现象，影响ESR信号的读取；且应用ESR测年法对藏南的钙华样品研究较少，不利于全面掌握藏南水热活动历史等问题。因此对藏南泉华样品ESR测年适用性的研究将有助于指导藏南地区泉华ESR测年的准确性，同时为开展区域构造活动研究提供扎实的年代学基础。该文选取藏南阿里—日喀则地区搭格架热田区的硅华样品和夏康坚温泉区的钙华样品，开展了泉华样品的ESR信号选取和附加剂量影响、钙华ESR信号热稳定性探究，进而得到相对准确的泉华发育年代。研究结果表明：搭格架热田区第三、四级阶地处硅华分别形成于81±16 ka、177±20 ka，夏康坚温泉区河漫滩和第一级阶地处的钙华分别沉积于106±32 ka、264±26 ka。辐照剂量方面，藏南泉华样品在0~7680 Gy范围内对人工附加剂量响应良好；温度方面，硅华受封闭温度影响较小，钙华g=2.0034心信号在20~250 ℃范围具有良好的稳定性，适合ESR测年。矿物结构方面，藏南钙华的矿物纯度、结晶程度较好，ESR年龄结果相对准确。
Abstract:Sinters in the rift valleys of southern Tibet, including silica sinter and travertine deposits, are the products of hydrothermal activity under regional tectonic movement. Their formation age is significant for studying hydrothermal activity history in this region. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating is a practical dating method for determining the age of silica sinter and travertine deposits. However, silica sinter's ESR signals vary due to the complex composition. Meanwhile, these ESR signals are mixed, superimposed, and interfere with each other, affecting the ESR signal's measurement. Furthermore, ESR dating has been applied less in travertine samples in southern Tibet, which is not conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the hydrothermal activity history in southern Tibet. Studying the applicability of ESR dating of southern Tibetan silica sinter and travertine deposits helps obtain accurate ESR ages. It lays the chronologic foundation for researching tectonic activities in these rift valleys. This research applied ESR dating to the silica sinter and travertine deposits collected separately from the Targejia thermal field area and the Xiakangjian hot spring area, located in the Ngri-Xigaze area in southern Tibet. We performed ESR dating tests, including how to choose ESR signals, the effect of additional doses, and the thermal stability of ESR signals in travertine. Based on these tests, relatively accurate, reliable ESR ages of silica sinter and travertine were obtained. The results show that: According to the ESR dating results, the silica sinter samples collected from the fourth and third terrace of the Targejia geothermal field were formed at 177±20 and 81±16 ka, respectively, and the travertine deposits collected from the floodplain and first terrace of the Xiakangjian hot spring were formed at 106±32 ka and 264±26 ka, respectively. In terms of irradiation dose, sinter samples collected from southern Tibet respond well to irradiation dose in the range of 0~7680 Gy; In terms of temperature, silica sinter samples are less affected by closure temperature, and the thermal behavior of the ESR signal at g=2.0034 of travertine in southern Tibet is stable in the range of 20 ℃~250 ℃ that is suitable for ESR dating. Regarding mineral structure, The travertine in southern Tibet has better mineral purity and crystallinity; thus, the ESR age results are relatively accurate.
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Key words:
- ESR Dating /
- sinter /
- silica sinter /
- travertine /
- Southern Tibet /
- g-value /
- Quaternary
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图 1 研究区位置与典型剖面及采样点分布
a—研究区地理位置(据侯增谦等, 2001修改)；b—夏康坚地垒和打加错地堑位置；c—夏康坚地垒横切剖面；d—打加错地堑横切剖面；e—搭格架热田区采样点位置；f—夏康坚温泉区采样点位置
Figure 1. Location of the study area and the distribution of the stypical profiles and sampling sites
(a) The location of study area (modified from Hou et al., 2001); (b) The location of the Xiakangjian horst and the Dajiacuo graben; (c) The cross-section of the Xiakangjian horst; (d) The cross-section of the Dajiacuo graben; (e) Sampling sites in the Targejia geothermal field; (f) Sampling sites in the Xiakangjian hot spring
图 2 搭格架、夏康坚泉华分布与采样示意图
a—搭格架热田区河谷阶地剖面与采样点分布(据赵元艺等, 2006修改)；b—夏康坚温泉区河谷阶地剖面与采样点分布；c—搭格架热田区部分硅华样品及其镜下照片(Tuf为凝灰岩)
Figure 2. The distribution of silica sinter and travertine deposits in the Targejia and Xiakangjian areas and the sampling sites
(a) The valley terrace profile and sampling sites in the Targejia geothermal field (modified from Zhao et al., 2006); (b) The valley terrace profile and sampling sites in the Xiakangjian hot spring; (c) The travertine samples collected from the Targejia geothermal field and their microscope slices
图 3 代表性泉华样品电子自旋共振(ESR)波谱图
a—硅华样品ESR波谱图；b—钙华样品(XZ12)ESR波谱图；c—钙华样品(XZ13)ESR波谱图
Figure 3. Typical ESR resonance spectra of silica sinter and travertine samples
(a) The ESR spectrum of the silica sinter sample; (b) The ESR spectrum of the travertine sample (XZ12); (c) The ESR spectrum of the travertine sample (XZ13)
图 4 样品在不同辐照条件下的ESR信号强度拟合
a—样品XZ12在不同辐照剂量下的信号强度拟合；b—样品XZ04在不同辐照剂量下的信号强度拟合
Figure 4. ESR signal intensity fitting of samples under different irradiation conditions
(a) The ESR signal intensity fitting of the sample XZ12 under different irradiation conditions; b—The ESR signal intensity fitting of the sample XZ04 under different irradiation conditions
图 5 XZ12在不同加热温度下的ESR波谱
Figure 5. ESR resonance spectra of the sample XZ12 at different heating temperature
图 6 加热后g=2.0034心ESR信号变化特征
Figure 6. The variation of ESR intensity of g=2.0034 after heating
表 1 西藏泉华样品在不同附加剂量下的De值与R2参数
Table 1. The De value and R2 of the samples from the Tibetan travertine deposits in different additional doses
样品名称 De(0~7084 Gy) R2 De(0~3680 Gy) R2 De(0~1961 Gy) R2 XZ01 207±18 >0.99 203±21 >0.99 190±21 >0.99 XZ02 181±30 >0.99 172±49 >0.99 136±55 >0.98 XZ03 44±10 >0.99 42±8 >0.99 37±4 >0.99 XZ04 258±60 >0.99 278±86 >0.98 299±162 >0.96 XZ12 42±10 >0.99 38±11 >0.99 39±11 >0.99 XZ13 105±9 >0.99 103±6 >0.99 90±5 >0.99 
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表 2 泉华样品ESR测年数据
Table 2. ESR dating results of the silica sinter and travertine samples
样品编号 经纬度 样品类型 U/(ug/g) Th/(ug/g) K/% 等效剂量/Gy 年剂量率/(Gy/ka) ESR年龄/ka XZ01 85.75°E
29.60°N硅华 0.655 3.85 0.549 203±21 1.15±0.05 177±20 XZ02 85.75°E
29.60°N硅华 0.280 0.222 0.096 172±49 0.39±0.03 441±130 XZ03 85.75°E
29.60°N硅华 0.089 0.442 0.267 42±8 0.52±0.03 81±16 XZ04 85.75°E
29.61°N硅华 0.355 2.340 0.424 278±86 0.86±0.04 300±71 XZ12 85.01°E
31.77°N钙华 0.364 0.279 0.039 38±11 0.36±0.03 106±32 XZ13 85.01°E
31.77°N钙华 0.610 0.140 0.018 103±6 0.39±0.03 264±26
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