A study of the sedimentary reservoir in the middle sub-member of the first member of the Liushagang Formation in the Weizhou-11A Oilfield, Beibu Gulf Basin
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摘要:
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠洲11A油田流沙港组一段中亚段沉积岩性复杂，储层纵横向变化快，分布规模和连通性难以预测，严重影响油田开采效果。通过岩心观察描述、三维地震解析、岩石粒度、岩相、测井相、现代沉积类比分析研究认为，流一中亚段沉积流体作用控制着砂体及储层类型，其中辫状溪流底负载沉积(槽状交错层理砂岩相St、板状交错层理砂岩相Sp、沙纹层理砂岩相Sr)、砂质碎屑流沉积(块状层理颗粒支撑砾岩相Gmg、正粒序砂砾岩相Gn)与浊流沉积(正粒序水平层理粉砂岩相Fhn)可形成有利储层，主要分布于扇三角洲前缘辫状水道、辫流坝、河口坝和席状砂微相中；探讨了油田流一中亚段4个中期旋回沉积微相空间展布规律和几何形态；提出扇三角洲前缘5类8种砂体叠置模式、连通特征和成因机制，建立了储层概念模型和主力沉积微相宽度、厚度和宽厚比经验值，为油田后续开发井网部署提供科学依据。
Abstract:The sedimentary lithology is complex in the middle sub-member of the first member of the Liushagang Formation(L1-M) of the Weizhou-11A oilfield in the southwest Weizhou depression of the Beibu Gulf Basin. The reservoir changes rapidly in both vertical and horizontal directions, and the distribution scale and connectivity are challenging to predict, which seriously affects the oilfield development effect. Through core observation and description, 3D-seismic analysis, rock grain size, lithofacies, logging facies, and modern deposit analogy analysis, it is believed that the depositional fluids control the sand bodies and reservoir types. Braided stream bottom-load deposits (St, Sp, Sr), sandy debris flow deposits (Gmg, Gn), and turbidity deposits (Fhn) can form favorable reservoirs, which are mainly distributed in the braided channel, braided flow bar, mouth bar and sheet sand microfacies of fan delta front. We discussed the spatial distribution law and geometric shape of sedimentary microfacies in four middle-term cycles and proposed five types and eight kinds of sand-body stack types and connectivity characteristics of the fan delta front. The reservoir model and the empirical values of width, thickness, and the width-to-thickness ratio of main sedimentary microfacies are established, which provide a scientific basis for the oilfield development.
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图 1 北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠洲11A油田构造与钻孔位置图(据裴健翔等，2016修改)
a—涠西南凹陷构造简图；b—涠洲11A油田钻孔位置图
Figure 1. Tectonic pattern and location of the Weizhou-11A Oilfield in the Weixi′nan depression, Beibu Gulf Basin(modified from Pei et al., 2016)
(a)Tectonic outline map of Weixi′nan depression; (b)Well distribution map of the Weizhou-11A Oilfield
图 2 流一段地震相特征(剖面位置见图 1)
Figure 2. The seismic facies characteristics of the first member of the Liushagang Formation
图 4 流一中亚段典型粒度概率累计曲线图
Figure 4. Grain size probability accumulation curves for the L1-M
图 6 过A9-2-A3-A13-A2-3 井沉积微相对比剖面
Figure 6. The sedimentary facies section across the wells ofA9-2-A3-A13-A2-3
图 7 流一中亚段各短期旋回沉积微相平面图
Figure 7. Planar distribution of the sedimentary microfacies in different short term level of the L1-M
图 8 流一中亚段扇三角洲前缘储层模型
a—扇三角洲前缘沉积模式图；b—扇三角洲前缘有利储层叠置模式图
Figure 8. The reservoir model of the fan-delta front of the Liushagang Formation
(a) Sedimentary model of the fan-delta front; (b) Reservoir superposition model of the fan-delta front
图 9 恒山现代扇三角洲沉积特征(1—5代表 5期扇体)
Figure 9. The Hengshan modern fan-delta deposits (Number one to five represent fan bodies of five steps)
表 1 涠洲11A油田流一段中亚段沉积微相类型
Table 1. The sedimentary types of the Weizhou-11A Oilfield in the L1-M
段 相 亚相 微相 沉积特征 流一中亚段 扇三角洲 扇三角洲前缘 辫状水道 以砂砾岩、中粗砂岩为主，发育槽状交错层理、块状层理和正粒序层理，沉积厚度较大，多为多期水道叠置，正序列，岩相组合为Gmg-St或Gn-Sm/St，测井相为中高幅微齿钟形或箱形 辫流坝 以砂砾岩、中粗砂岩为主，发育块状为主(下部略呈反粒序)，板状交错层理、块状层理，沉积厚度大，岩相组合为Gn-Fd-Sm-Sp-Sh-Fr或Fr-Sh-Sm-Sp-Sr-M；测井相为中高幅微齿或锯齿状箱形 河口坝 以粉砂岩、粉—细砂岩为主，反序列，岩相组合为M-Fh-Fr；测井相为中低幅微齿漏斗形，在研究区发育较少 席状砂 以分选好的粉砂岩或泥质粉砂岩为主，垂向上表现为泥包砂的特征，发育水平层理，岩相组合为M-Fh，测井相为低幅微齿指形 水道间 浅灰、浅灰色—灰绿色泥岩为主，偶夹薄层砂岩，岩相为M，测井相为低幅微齿线形，其厚度及上下岩性组合是与前扇三角洲泥的主要区别，通常为砂体或储层间夹层 前扇三角洲 前扇三角洲泥 灰色—深灰色泥岩为主，泥质较纯，无明显韵律，岩相为M，测井相为低幅微齿线形，厚度规模大，大于10 m，通常为储层的隔层 
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