Long-runout fluidization disaster simulation analysis of clastic landslide under heavy rainfall: A case study of the Niuerwan landslide
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摘要:
中国西南砂泥岩地层山区在强降雨条件下频发远程滑坡灾害, 是防灾减灾领域亟待解决的关键问题。以2020年7月13日重庆武隆牛儿湾滑坡为例, 通过无人机航飞、野外调查和地质条件分析等手段, 运用PFC3D模拟, 对中国西南砂泥岩地层山区强降雨条件下流化滑坡远程运动成灾模式开展研究。研究结果显示: 独特的地层结构(上部为第四系残坡积土, 下部为砂泥岩)是导致滑坡顺层失稳, 并远程流化运动的根本原因; 强降雨条件是导致滑坡深层失稳、整体下滑, 同时使表层残破积土层饱水流化远程运动的关键影响因素; 顺层滑坡远程流化成灾模式主要表现出下层整体滑移、中层粗细颗粒混合和上层饱水流化的特征, 流化过程可分为整体高位失稳—混合加速—运动流化堆积三个阶段。基于以上研究, 认为砂泥岩地层山区的远程流化滑坡风险调查与预测过程应当充分基于滑体远程流化运动的成灾特点进行调查与评价, 以此为防灾减灾提供定量化科学依据。
Abstract:The frequent occurrence of remote landslide disasters under heavy rainfall in the mountainous area with sand-mudstone strata in southwest China is a critical issue to be solved in disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking the July 13, 2020 Niuerwan landslide in Wulong, Chongqing as an example, technical means including UAV image, field investigation, geological condition analysis, and PFC3D simulation were used to study the long-runout motion model of flowslide under heavy rainfall. The results show that the unique stratigraphic structure (Quaternary residual slope soil in the upper part and sand-mudstone in the lower part) is the root cause of the landslide instability and long-runout fluidization movement. Heavy rainfall is the key factor in causing the deep destabilization and overall decline of the landslide, and it also leads to the long-distance movement of the upper saturated residual soil. The long-runout fluidization disaster model of bedding landslide shows the characteristics of overall sliding of the lower layer, mixing of coarse and fine particles of the middle layer, and saturation fluidization in the upper layer. The long-runout fluidization process can be divided into three stages: the overall instability, the mixed acceleration, and the fluidization accumulation. Based on the above research, it is concluded that the investigation and prediction process of long-runout fluidization landslide in the mountainous area with sand-mudstone strata should be based on this particular disaster model to provide a quantitative scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation.
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Key words:
- Niuerwan landslide /
- fluidization /
- high-elevation and long-runout /
- bedding landslide
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图 2 牛儿湾滑坡遥感影像图及现场照片
a—滑前遥感影像；b—滑坡现场照片；c—滑后遥感影像；d—滑坡后缘房屋拉张裂缝
Figure 2. Remote sensing images and pictures of the Niuerwan landslide
(a) Remote sensing image before the failure; (b) Scene of the landslide; (c) Remote sensing image after the failure; (d) Tensile fracture
图 4 滑坡岩体赤平投影及出露基岩
Figure 4. Stereographic projection of the rock mass and outcropping of the bedrock
图 10 牛儿湾滑坡滑体分组运动情况图
Figure 10. Diagrams showing the movement of the upper and lower layers of the sliding body in different time periods
图 13 监测颗粒运动速度曲线图
a—监测颗粒平均速度曲线；b—前部颗粒速度曲线；c—中部颗粒速度曲线；d—后部颗粒速度曲线
Figure 13. Velocity curves of the monitoring particles
(a) Average velocity curves; (b) Velocity curves of the front particles; (c) Velocity curves of the middle particles; (d) Velocity curves of the rear particles
图 14 牛儿湾滑坡远程运动模式概化图
Figure 14. Generalized model for the long-runout movement of the Niuerwan landslide
表 1 PFC3D模型微观参数表
Table 1. Micro-parameters for the PFC3D model
上层土体微观参数 颗粒最小半径
Rmin/m颗粒半径比
Rmax/Rmin密度ρ/
kg·m-3接触模量/
MPa摩擦系数 下层基岩微观参数 颗粒最小半径
Rmin/m颗粒半径比
Rmax/Rmin密度ρ/
kg·m-3接触模量/
MPa摩擦系数 1.2 1.67 2300 1000 0.2 2 1 2300 1000 0.5 平行黏结模量/MPa 平行黏结刚度比K 法向黏结强度/MPa 切向黏结强度/MPa 阻尼系数 平行黏结模量/MPa 平行黏结刚度比K 法向黏结强度/MPa 切向黏结强度/MPa 阻尼系数 0 0 0 0 0.37 1256 1 100 100 0.37 
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