A study on tectonic geomorphology and landscape ecological pattern in the Kangsu area, Wuqia, Xinjiang
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摘要: 新疆乌恰康苏地区位于西昆仑山与西南天山对冲作用形成的盆山耦合带，其构造地貌具有显著的山地-平原分布格局特征。文章以"3S"技术为基础进行构造地貌填图，划分新疆乌恰康苏地区的景观类型，研究构造地貌对该区域景观生态格局的影响。采用垂向山地-平原构造地貌为指标，划分5个景观类；以土地利用类型+植被覆盖为指标，划分6个景观型；按照雪山、草地、河流自然生态系统，农田、村镇、工矿人工生态系统划分23个景观类型。结果表明康苏地区整体形成以河流为廊道，以山地景观、平原景观、村镇景观、工矿景观、农田景观为斑块的盆-山-原镶嵌构造景观生态格局。构造运动引起的山脉-高原隆升以及克孜勒苏河-康苏河等的持续性侵蚀作用，直接影响了乌恰-黑孜苇-玛依喀克的景观生态格局演化。Abstract: The Kangsu area is located in the basin-mountain coupling zone formed by the alluvial action of the West Kunlun Mountains and the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains. Its tectonic landforms show significant characteristics of mountain-plain distribution pattern. Our study aims to explore the causes of the tectonic landforms and the evolution rules. Based on "3S" technology, we carried out a tectonic geomorphic mapping to classify the landscape ecological types and study the impact of tectonic geomorphology on the landscape ecological patten in this region. We then sorted out five landscape classes using vertical mountain-plain tectonic landforms as an indicator and six landscape types using land-use type and vegetation cover as indicators. Then we further classified the study area into twenty-three landscapes according to natural ecosystems (snow mountains, grasslands, rivers) and artificial ecosystems (farmlands, towns, industrial mines). Our findings show that the overall Kangsu area forms a basin-mountain-plain inlaid tectonic landscape ecological pattern with rivers as corridors and five landscapes, namely mountains, plains, towns, industrial mines, farmlands, as patches. The tectonic movements caused by the uplift of mountains and plateaus as well as the continuous erosion of the Kizilsu River and the Kangsu River directly affect the evolution of the landscape and ecological pattern of the Wuqia-Heiziwei-Mayikake area.
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Key words:
- tectonic landform /
- landscape class /
- landscape type /
- landscape ecological pattern /
- Xinjiang
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图 1 研究区构造-地貌图(据李向东和王克卓, 2000修改)
a—大地构造单元图; b—构造地貌图
Figure 1. Map showing the tectonics and landforms of the study area (modified after Li and Wang, 2000)
(a)Tectonic units; (b) Tectonic landforms
图 2 乌恰康苏地区景观类分布图
Figure 2. Map showing the distribution of different landscape classes in the Kangsu area, Wuqia
图 3 康苏地区景观型分布图
Figure 3. Map showing the distribution of different landscape types in the Kangsu area, Wuqia
图 4 乌恰康苏地区景观类型分布图
Figure 4. Map showing different landscapes in the Kangsu area, Wuqia
图 5 乌恰康苏地区典型景观类型照片
a—中高山雪山景观; b—高中山草地景观; c—高中山草地景观; d—倾斜冲洪积平原草地景观; e—河流阶地河流景观(康苏河); f—侵蚀河谷平原河流景观(克孜勒苏河); g—倾斜冲洪积平原农田景观(黑孜苇乡); h—高中山工矿景观(乌拉根铅锌矿); i—倾斜冲洪积平原村镇景观(乌恰县城)
Figure 5. Photos of typical landscapes in the Kangsu area, Wuqia
(a) Landscape of snow mountains of Mid-alpine; (b) Grassland landscape of high-mid mountain; (c)Grassland landscape of high-mid mountain; (d) Grassland landscape of blunt pluvia plain; (e)River landscape of river terrace (Kangsu River); (f) River landscape of eroded valley plain (Kizilsu River); (g)Farmland landscape of blunt pluvial plain (Heiziwei Township); (h)Industrial mine landscape of high-mid mountain(Ulagen lead-zinc mine); (i) Village landscape of blunt pluvia plain (Wuqia County)
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