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河北高阳低凸起深部热储层回灌注水诱发断层失稳危险性探讨

朱思雨 曹佳文 丰成君 王继明 孟静 戚帮申 张鹏

朱思雨, 曹佳文, 丰成君, 等, 2023. 河北高阳低凸起深部热储层回灌注水诱发断层失稳危险性探讨. 地质力学学报, 29 (2): 220-235. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2022093
引用本文: 朱思雨, 曹佳文, 丰成君, 等, 2023. 河北高阳低凸起深部热储层回灌注水诱发断层失稳危险性探讨. 地质力学学报, 29 (2): 220-235. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2022093
ZHU Siyu, CAO Jiawen, FENG Chengjun, et al., 2023. Study on fault-slip potential induced by water injection in the deep thermal reservoir of the Gaoyang low uplift, Hebei Province. Journal of Geomechanics, 29 (2): 220-235. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2022093
Citation: ZHU Siyu, CAO Jiawen, FENG Chengjun, et al., 2023. Study on fault-slip potential induced by water injection in the deep thermal reservoir of the Gaoyang low uplift, Hebei Province. Journal of Geomechanics, 29 (2): 220-235. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2022093

河北高阳低凸起深部热储层回灌注水诱发断层失稳危险性探讨

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2022093
基金项目: 

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20230540

详细信息
    作者简介:

    朱思雨(1998—),女,在读硕士,主要从事地应力、断层活动危险性、活动构造带灾害效应等方面研究。E-mail: Esther9802@163.com

    通讯作者:

    曹佳文(1979—),男,博士,主要从事地质灾害、城市地质及重大工程地质安全风险等管理工作。E-mail: cjiawen@mail.cgs.gov.cn

  • 中图分类号: TU45

Study on fault-slip potential induced by water injection in the deep thermal reservoir of the Gaoyang low uplift, Hebei Province

Funds: 

the Investigation and Assessment of Geosafety Risks in Megacities and Urban Agglomerations, China DD20230540

  • 摘要:

    近年来, 注水诱发断层活化引发地震已成为深部地热资源安全开采面临的突出地质安全问题。河北高阳低凸起深部岩溶热储丰富, 区内分布多条隐伏断层, 研究旨在探明未来大规模开发高阳低凸起深部地热资源是否会诱发区内隐伏断层失稳破坏。研究基于华北地区综合地应力场, 利用莫尔-库伦准则计算热储区及邻区主要隐伏断层的初始稳定状态; 选用Hsieh and Bredehoeft水文模型计算代表性地热井回灌注水10~40年产生的超孔隙水压力值; 在初始稳定状态的基础上叠加该孔隙水压扰动, 采用断层滑动失稳概率评价方法, 分析长期回灌注水对断层稳定性的影响; 讨论断层走向与最大水平主应力夹角变化对断层滑动失稳风险的作用规律。结果表明: 高阳低凸起及邻区代表性地热井在170 m3/h注水速率条件下, 持续注水40年产生的超孔隙水压力值最大不超过11 MPa, 该扰动以注水井为中心向四周呈幂函数规律递减, 其影响范围不超过8 km; 持续回灌注水对高阳低凸起代表性地热井附近2 km范围内隐伏断层的稳定性影响显著, 部分断层滑动失稳概率超过85%, 具有极高的活化风险; 距离注水井2 km范围内不同走向的断层, 在单井回灌注水50年的作用下, 滑动失稳概率随断层走向与最大水平主应力夹角的减小而迅速增加。文章研究方法及相关成果可为国内外深部地热资源安全开发利用提供地质科学支撑。

     

  • 图  1  高阳低凸起及邻区构造背景和主要隐伏断层分布图

    a—冀中坳陷及邻区主要构造单元 (何登发等, 2018); b—冀中坳陷地热田分布图 (常健等, 2016); c—高阳低凸起及邻区主要隐伏断层及地热勘察孔分布图 (商世杰等, 2019; 隋少强等, 2020)

    Figure  1.  Geological structures and the main buried faults distributed in and around the Gaoyang low uplift

    (a) Main tectonic units in and around the Jizhong depression (modified from He et al., 2018); (b) Geothermal fields distributed in the Jizhong depression (modified from Chang et al., 2016); (c) Map of the main buried faults and existing geothermal exploitation boreholes distributed in and around the Gaoyang geothermal reservoir (modified from Shang et al., 2019; Sui et al., 2020)

    图  2  高阳低凸起及邻区主要隐伏断层分段图

    Figure  2.  Segmental faults in and around the Gaoyang low uplift

    图  3  高阳低凸起及邻区主要隐伏断层初始稳定状态

    Figure  3.  The initial stable state of the main buried faults in and around the Gaoyang low uplift

    图  4  高阳低凸起及邻区主要隐伏断层距离滑动失稳所需要的孔隙水压力

    Figure  4.  Map views of pore pressure required for the main buried faults to slip in and around the Gaoyang low uplift

    图  5  高阳低凸起及邻区主要隐伏断层初始滑动失稳概率

    Figure  5.  The initial fault-slip potential of the main active faults in and around the Gaoyang low uplift

    图  6  高阳低凸起代表性深地热井回灌注水产生的超孔隙水压力

    Figure  6.  The excess pore pressure caused by water injection in deep-geothermal wells in the Gaoyang low uplift

    图  7  G7地热井回灌注水引起的超孔隙水压力衰减规律

    Figure  7.  The excess pore pressure variations with horizontal distance from the geothermal well G7

    图  8  高阳低凸起目标地热井回灌注水诱发近场隐伏断层滑动失稳概率

    Figure  8.  Fault-slip potential of the near-field faults induced by water injection in the Gaoyang low uplift

    图  9  F13-7分段断层滑动失稳概率随断层走向变化特征

    a—与SH夹角:0°~±41°;b—与SH夹角:±42°~±57°;c—与SH夹角:±58°~±90°

    Figure  9.  Changes in fault-slip potential with the varying orientation of F13-7

    (a) Angles with SH: 0°~±41°; (b) Angles with SH: ±42°~±57°; (c) Angles with SH: ±58°~±90°

    图  10  F13-7分段断层滑动失稳概率随损失率变化规律

    Figure  10.  Changes in fault-slip potential with the varying loss rate of F13-7

    图  11  高阳低凸起单井回灌注水30天诱发地震震级变化

    Figure  11.  The estimated earthquake magnitude induced by water injection for 30 days at a single well in the Gaoyang low uplift

    表  1  高阳低凸起及邻区主要隐伏断层属性参数

    Table  1.   Attribute parameters of the main buried faults in and around the Gaoyang low uplift

    名称 分段编码 走向 倾角 长度/km
    徐水-大城断裂(F3) F3-1 102°±5° 70°±10° 22.96
    F3-2 110°±5° 70°±10° 12.96
    F3-3 120°±5° 70°±10° 11.48
    F3-4 80°±5° 70°±10° 14.44
    F3-5 117°±5° 70°±10° 31.11
    高阳凸起西边界断裂(F6) F6-1 27°±5° 40°±10° 25.93
    F6-2 18°±5° 40°±10° 8.15
    任丘断裂(F7) F7 25°±5° 45°±10° 27.78
    马西断裂(F8) F8-1 17°±5° 50°±10° 12.59
    F8-2 8°±5° 50°±10° 10.00
    F11-1 38°±5° 59°±10° 5.30
    任西断裂(F11) F11-2 11°±5° 59°±10° 5.25
    高阳凸起东边界断裂(F12) F11-3 47°±5° 59°±10° 14.38
    F12-1 53°±5° 47°±10° 5.20
    F12-2 44°±5° 47°±10° 3.82
    F12-3 0°±5° 47°±10° 2.15
    F12-4 40°±5° 47°±10° 6.27
    F12-5 64°±5° 47°±10° 4.24
    F13-1 51°±5° 65°±10° 5.21
    断裂F13 F13-2 84°±5° 65°±10° 3.03
    F13-3 46°±5° 65°±10° 4.22
    F13-4 58°±5° 65°±10° 4.28
    F13-5 75°±5° 65°±10° 7.11
    F13-6 62°±5° 65°±10° 4.78
    F13-7 61°±5° 54°±10° 9.70
    F13-8 90°±5° 60°±10° 4.73
    F13-9 58°±5° 60°±10° 7.04
    F13-10 73°±5° 65°±10° 6.71
    F13-11 84°±5° 65°±10° 3.16
    F14-1 59°±5° 74°±10° 2.97
    断裂F14 F14-2 41°±5° 74°±10° 13.57
    F14-3 34°±5° 74°±10° 5.78
    断裂F15 F15 18°±5° 75°±10° 6.81
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-25
  • 修回日期:  2023-03-20
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-22

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