Provenance study of the Xining loess in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
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摘要: 碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学被认为是研究沉积物物源的有效手段。然而，应用碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学对中国黄土高原进行物源研究时却获得了非常复杂的物源信息。西宁黄土沉积于青藏高原东北缘地区，对其开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究不仅可以获得其物源信息，同时可以为探讨青藏高原北缘碎屑物质对黄土高原的贡献提供重要依据。碎屑锆石形貌学研究结果表明其可能经历了强烈的物理风化以及多次再循环，同时也可能暗示了物源的高度复杂性。来自不同沉积层位的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明，西宁黄土碎屑物质的最终来源可能是青藏高原北缘和中亚造山带，且物源区自约1.3 Ma以来可能没有显著变化，但是两者对西宁黄土的相对贡献可能在不同的时期具有微弱的差异。西宁黄土与中国黄土高原中、西部典型剖面的碎屑锆石年龄分布具有高度相似性，暗示了两者的物源区可能很大程度上具有一致性，但具少量差异。Abstract: Single-grain U-Pb dating of detrital zircons is regarded as an efficient and effective technique to differentiate the contribution of discrete sources. However, its application to the extensive Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) yields rather complex information in provenance discrimination. The Xining loess was deposited in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP), and the detrital zircon U-Pb chronology study can not only obtain provenance information but also provide an important basis to discuss the contribution of the detrital materials from the Northern Tibetan Plateau (NTP) to the CLP. Results of the detrital zircon morphology suggest that zircons may have undergone intense physical weathering and multiple recirculations, and may also indicate the high complexity of the source. Detrital zircon U-Pb age results from different sedimentary layers of the Xining loess reveal there are no obvious temporal variations in the provenance of the Xining loess since ~1.3 Ma and materials may ultimately be eroded from the NTP and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), although the relative contribution of detritus from the two sources may slightly vary through time. The U-Pb age spectra of the Xining loess are highly similar to that of typical loess sites in the western-central CLP, suggesting that the provenance areas of the CLP and the Xining loess may be largely consistent, but the possibility of a small difference of provenance cannot be ruled out.
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Key words:
- Xining /
- detrital zircon /
- U-Pb ages /
- provenance /
- Chinese Loess Plateau /
- Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
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图 1 研究区自然地理背景及碎屑锆石样品位置
Figure 1. Geographical setting of the research area and detrital zircon sample sites
图 2 大墩岭钻探岩芯的土壤地层和磁化率随深度变化
Figure 2. Pedostratigraphy and magnetic susceptibility variations with depth in the Dadunling core
图 3 西宁黄土代表性碎屑锆石显微照片
a—阴极发光(CL)图；b—反射光图
Figure 3. Micrographs of representative detrital zircons from the Xining loess
(a)Cathode luminescence (CL) images; (b)Reflected light images
图 4 西宁黄土碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄结果(n为锆石数目)
Figure 4. Detrital zircon U-Pb age histograms of the Xining loess
图 5 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄直方图及KDE图(n为锆石数目)
a—黑木沟剖面(Pullen et al., 2011)；b—灵台剖面(Bird et al., 2015)；c—西峰剖面(Che and Li, 2013)；d—渭南剖面(Xiao et al., 2012)；e—曹岘剖面(Che and Li, 2013)；f—西宁黄土
Figure 5. Detrital zircon U-Pb age histograms and KDE diagrams
(a) The Heimugou section (Pullen et al., 2011); (b) The Lingtai section (Bird et al., 2015); (c) The Xifeng section (Che and Li, 2013); (d) The Weinan section (Xiao et al., 2012); (e) The Caoxian section (Che and Li, 2013); (f) The Xining loess
图 6 西宁黄土、黄土高原及潜在物源区沉积物的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄直方图与KDE图(n为锆石数目)
a—西宁黄土样品；b—黑木沟、西峰、灵台、渭南、曹岘5个黄土剖面综合数据；c—祁连山麓沉积物(Zhang et al., 2016)；d—柴达木盆地沉积物(Pullen et al., 2011; Licht et al., 2016)；e—西毛乌素沙地沉积物(Stevens et al., 2013a; Nie et al., 2015)；f—东毛乌素沙地沉积物(Stevens et al., 2010, 2013; Nie et al., 2015)；g—阿拉善干旱区(综合的腾格里沙漠、弱水河床沉积物样品数据，引自Stevens et al., 2010; Che and Li, 2013; Licht et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2016)；h—戈壁阿尔泰山麓沉积物(Che and Li, 2013; Zhang et al., 2016)
Figure 6. Detrital zircon U-Pb chronology of the Xining loess, the CLP and potential provenances and KDE diagrams
(a) Samples from the Xining loess; (b) Combined data of the five loess sections of the CLP in Figure 4; (c) Sediments from the piedmont of the Qilian mountains (Zhang et al., 2016); (d) Sediments from the Qaidam Basin(Pullen et al., 2011; Licht et al., 2016); (e) Sediments from the western Mu Us desert(Stevens et al., 2013a; Nie et al., 2015); (f) Sediments from the eastern Mu Us desert(Stevens et al., 2010, 2013; Nie et al., 2015); (g) Alxa arid areas (Combined data from the Tengger Desert and the Ruoshui River, after Stevens et al., 2010; Che and Li, 2013; Licht et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2016); (h) Sediments from the piedmont of the Gobi Altay mountains (Che and Li, 2013; Zhang et al., 2016)
表 1 西宁黄土碎屑锆石磨圆度统计结果
Table 1. Statistical results of detrital zircon roundness of the Xining loess
棱角状 次棱角状 次圆状 圆状 浑圆状 总数目 DL-1 7.9% 45.3% 31.8% 11.2% 3.7% 267 DL-2 9.0% 27.5% 37.6% 22.0% 3.9% 255 DL-3 5.9% 38.1% 35.9% 14.3% 5.9% 273 DL-4 13.9% 48.7% 24.5% 8.8% 3.3% 271 DL-5 11.4% 38.5% 35.2% 13.6% 1.5% 273 
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