Quaternary activity characteristics of the Qionghua–Liantang fault belt in Hainan
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摘要: 位于琼北福山凹陷与海口隆起边界的琼华−莲塘断裂带，是调节北东向北部湾陆内裂谷不均匀伸展的结果，该断裂带穿过海口市长流新区与环岛高铁重大工程，对海南自贸区规划建设具有直接影响。文章采用构造地貌调查、地球物理探测与钻孔联合剖面等方法，揭露琼华–莲塘断裂带由五源河–道心村断裂、永庄水库断裂及海口砖瓦厂断裂共3条北西向平行展布的高角度活动断裂组成，呈隐伏或半隐伏状态，总体表现为正断层性质。断裂带宽约1.8 km，长度约17 km，第四纪以来断裂垂直位移为8.7~41.6 m，均属于较强活动断裂。3条断裂最新活动时代均为晚更新世，垂直位移速率<0.1 mm/a，其中以海口砖瓦厂断裂错动速率最大。结合琼华–莲塘断裂带的形成构造背景、最新活动时代，及其与第四纪火山活动的关系，文章提出了海南自贸区规划建设及工程避让活动断裂的建议。Abstract: The Qionghua–Liantang fault belt, located at the boundary between the Fushan depression and the Haikou uplift, is the result of the impact of the uneven extension of the NE-trending Beibu Gulf rift. The Qionghua–Liantang fault belt passes through the Changliu New District and the major projects of the island-looping high-speed railway in Haikou, directly impacting the planning and construction of the Hainan Free Trade Zone. The article uses tectonic geomorphic survey, geophysical exploration, and drilling exploration to reveal that the Qionghua–Liantang fault consists of three NW-trending buried and semi-buried normal faults, which are the Wuyuanhe–Daoxincun fault (F1-1), the Yongzhuangshuiku fault (F1-2), and the Haikouzhuanwachang fault (F1-3). The width of the Qionghua–Liantang fault belt is about 1.8 km, and the length is about 17 km. The vertical displacement of the fault belt is 8.7~41.6 m since the Quaternary. The latest active age of these three faults is the late Pleistocene; the vertical activity rate was less than 0.1 mm/a. It is worth noting that the vertical activity rate of the Haikouzhuanwachang fault (F1-3) is higher than the other two faults and has more vigorous activity. Combining the tectonic background, the latest active age of the Qionghua–Liantang fault, and its relationship with Quaternary volcanic activity, this paper puts forward suggestions on the planning and construction of the Hainan Free Trade Zone and building avoidance of active fault.
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Key words:
- Qionghua–Liantang fault belt /
- fault activity /
- avoidance of active fault /
- Hainan /
- Quaternary period
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图 1 琼北地区活动断裂分布图
F1—琼华–莲塘断裂带，F1-1—五源河−道心村断裂，F1-2—永庄水库断裂，F1-3—海口砖瓦厂断裂，F2—长流−仙沟断裂带，F3—马袅–铺前断裂带，F4—老城−西秀断裂带，F5—儒关村−云龙断裂带a—琼北地区构造纲要图；b—琼北地区主要活动断裂分布图
Figure 1. Map of active faults in northern Hainan
(a) Sketch map of northern Hainan; (b) Map of main active faults in northern Hainan F1–Qionghua–Liantang fault belt; F1-1–Wuyuanhe–Daoxincun fault; F1-2–Yongzhuangshuiku fault; F1-3–Haikouzhuanwachang fault; F2–Changliu–Xiangou fault belt; F3–Maniao–Puqian fault belt; F4–Laocheng–Xixiu fault belt; F5–Ruguancun–Yunlong fault belt
图 2 琼华–莲塘断裂带剖面与地球物理测线及钻孔分布图
a—海口砖瓦厂断层剖面、浅层人工地震测线以及钻孔分布图；b—永庄水库高密度电阻率法测线分布图；c—琼华村钻孔分布图
Figure 2. Profile of the Qionghua–Liantang fault belt and distribution of geophysical survey lines and boreholes
(a) Profile of the Haikouzhuanwachang fault section and distribution of shallow artificial seismic lines and boreholes; (b) Distribution of high-density geophysical survey lines using the electrical method along the Yongzhuangshuiku fault; (c) Borehole distribution in Qionghua village
图 3 海口砖瓦厂断裂特征
a—海口砖瓦厂断层剖面；b—海口砖瓦厂断层剖面图; c—F1-3b断层垂直错距0.5 m；d—F1-3a断层垂直错距1.1 m；e—OSL样品采样点；f—F1-3a断层擦痕特征；g—沿F1-3a断层形成的地层牵引变形；h—沿F1-3a断层面发育的铁质结核
Figure 3. Characteristics of the Haikouzhuanwachang fault
(a) Picture of the Haikouzhuanwachang fault section; (b) Schematic diagram of the Haikouzhuanwachang fault section; (c) Characteristics of the secondary fault (F1-3b); vertical offset of this fault is 0.5 m; (d) Characteristics of the secondary fault (F1-3a); vertical offset of this fault is 1.1 m; (e) OSL sampling location; (f) Characteristics of fault slickenside in F1-3a; (g) Characteristics of stratum deformation; (h) Iron concretion along the F1-3a surface
图 4 五源河–道心村断裂高密度电阻率法勘探剖面
a—视电阻率断面图；b—高密度电阻率法剖面解译结果
Figure 4. Exploration profile of the Wuyuanhe–-Daoxincun fault using high density resistivity
(a) Apparent resistivity section; (b) Interpretation results using high density resistivity
图 5 海口砖瓦厂断裂浅层人工地震勘探剖面
a—浅层人工地震勘探剖面；b—浅层人工地震勘探剖面解译结果
Figure 5. Exploration profile of the Haikouzhuanwachang fault using shallow artificial seismic reflection
(a) Exploration profile of the shallow artificial seismic reflection; (b) Interpretation results of the shallow artificial seismic exploration profile
图 6 琼华村钻孔剖面
Figure 6. Geological section of the composite drilling across the Qionghua–Liantang fault in Qionghua village
图 7 海口砖瓦厂钻孔联孔剖面
Figure 7. Geological section of the composite drilling in the Haikouzhuanwachang fault
图 8 福山凹陷及琼华−莲塘断裂带剖面图（据Li et al.，2008修改）
Figure 8. Sections of the Fushan depression and the Qionghua–Liantang fault belt (modified from Li et al., 2008)
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