In-situ stress simulation and integrity evaluation of underground gas storage: A case study of the Xiangguosi underground gas storage, Sichuan, SW China
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摘要: 为保障国家调峰保供需求，目前相国寺地下储气库(以下简称储气库)提出并正在进行扩压增量工程，为有效指导储气库运行上限压力优化，同时确保储气库长期安全运行，亟需对相国寺储气库开展地质体完整性评估。综合地质、地震、测井、动态监测资料以及各类室内岩芯实验数据，建立相国寺储气库三维静态及四维地质力学模型，分析了储气库地质体地质力学特征，分别对不同气藏孔隙压力特征下的盖层、底托层、断层稳定性进行应力应变模拟及评估。结果表明：梁山组盖层以及韩家店组底托层在储气库运行过程中产生的地层形变量小；5条控藏断层在储气库前期运行及现今注采条件下没有断层活化风险；模拟储气库注入压力高于原始气藏压力6 MPa时，储气库地质体完整性存在失稳风险。研究成果精细定量化评估了储气库在动态应力场影响下的运行安全，对优化储气库运行方案具有重要的指导意义。Abstract: To ensure the national demand for gas supply and peak shaving, a project of capacity expansion is proposed for the Xiangguosi underground gas storage (UGS). A geologic integrity evaluation is urgently needed to optimize the upper operating pressure and ensure the long-term safe operation. Thus, based on the geological, seismic, well logging, and dynamic monitoring data as well as the indoor core experimental data, 3D static and 4D geomechanical models were established for this UGS. Some geomechanical characteristics of the geological body were analyzed. The stability of the caprock, base, and fault under different reservoir pressure was individually simulated and evaluated as well. The results show that, both the caprock of the Liangshan Formation and the base of the Hanjiadian Formation may produce a little formation deformation during the operation; the five reservoir-controlling faults have no risk of fault activation during the early UGS operation under current stress conditions, and their sealing performance is good; when the reservoir pressure is higher than the original formation pressure of 6 MPa, the integrity of the Xiangguosi UGS is at risk of instability. This research accurately and quantitatively evaluate the operation safety of the Xiangguosi UGS under the influence of dynamic stress field, which has important guiding significance for the optimization of its operation plan.
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图 3 单井最大水平主应力方向图
Figure 3. Directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress of single wells
图 4 三维地质力学模型建模流程及模型属性
a—三维地质力学模型建模流程；b—建模范围；c—静态泊松比属性；d—静态杨氏模量属性；e—内摩擦系数属性；f—最小水平主应力属性；g—最大水平主应力属性；h—孔隙压力属性
Figure 4. Modeling process and model attributes of the 3D geomechanical model
(a)3D geomechanical modeling process; (b)The modeling range; (c)Static Poisson′s ratio; (d)Static Young′s modulus; (e)Internal friction coefficient; (f)Minimum horizontal principal stress; (g)Maximum horizontal principal stress; (h)Pore pressure
图 5 四维地质力学建模及模拟过程示意图
Figure 5. Diagram showing the 4D geomechanical modeling and simulation process
图 6 四维地质力学模拟时间步示意图
Figure 6. Time step diagram showing the 4D geomechanical simulation
图 7 梁山组地层最小主应力分布及拉张破坏风险分析图
a—梁山组盖层最小主应力随黄龙组孔隙压力变化图；b—梁山组盖层拉张破坏风险分析图
Figure 7. Analysis diagrams showing the minimum principal stress distribution and tensile failure risk in the Liangshan Formation
(a)Diagram showing the variation of minimum principal stress in the cap rock of the Liangshan Formation with pore pressure of the Huanglong Formation; (b)Diagram showing the tensile failure risk of the cap rock in the Liangshan Formation
图 8 梁山组地层不同注入压力Tau比值分布及不同部位剪切破坏对比分析图
a—梁山组盖层Tau比值随黄龙组孔隙压力变化图；b—梁山组盖层剪切破坏风险分析图
Figure 8. Comparative analysis of the Tau ratio distribution under different injection pressures and the shear failure in different parts of the Liangshan Formation
(a)Tau ratio of the cap rock in the Liangshan Formation varies with pore pressure in the Huanglong Formation; (b)Shear failure risk of the cap rock in the Liangshan Formation
图 9 5条主要断层开采初期和压力衰竭末期断层活动性分析图
a—1978年相国寺气田5条主要控藏断层断面Tau比值分布图；b—2012年相国寺储气库5条主要控藏断层断面Tau比值分布图
Figure 9. Diagram showing the fault activity of five major faults in the early mining stage and the late stage of pressure exhaustion
(a)Tau ratio distribution of five main reservoir-controlled faults in the Xiangguosi Gas Field in 1978;(b)Tau ratio distribution of five main reservoir-controlled faults in the Xiangguosi underground gas storage in 2012
图 10 模拟提压阶段黄龙组地层中部、北部、南部区块断层活动性分析
Figure 10. Diagram showing the fault activity in the central, northern and southern blocks of the Huanglong Formation during the simulated uplift stage
表 1 不同岩石类型地层岩石力学参数正演数学模型
Table 1. Correlation statistics of rock mechanics parameters of different lithologies and strata
层位与岩性 VS/(km/s) 静态杨氏模量/GPa 静态泊松比 内聚力/MPa 内摩擦系数 上覆白云岩地层 0.3739×VP+0.7672 0.9×Edyn PRdyn 0.0018×e(3.7938×RHOB) tan(18.532×VP0.5148) 龙潭组页岩 0.5037×Vp+0.0521 0.45×Edyn 0.65×PRdyn 0.221×Esta0.712 tan{arcsin[(VP-1)/(VP+1)]}×0.7 上覆灰岩地层 -0.019×VP2+0.693×VP-0.416 0.9×Edyn PRdyn 0.0018×e(3.7938×RHOB) tan(18.532×VP0.5148) 梁山组页岩 0.5037×VP+0.0521 0.45×Edyn 0.65×PRdyn 1.65×Esta0.89 tan{arcsin[(VP-1)/(VP+1)]}×0.7 黄龙组白云岩 0.3696×VP+1.1682 0.9×Edyn PRdyn 96.62×e(-0.94×PHI) tan(18.532×VP0.5148) 韩家店组页岩 0.5037×VP+0.0521 0.45×Edyn 0.65×PRdyn 0.221×Esta0.712 tan{arcsin[(VP-1)/(VP+1)]}×0.7 注：VS—横波速度；VP—纵波速度；Esta—静态杨氏模量；Edyn—动态杨氏模量；PRdyn—动态泊松比；RHOB—岩石密度；PHI—孔隙度 
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