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基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探

李丹 常健 李晨星 姚同云 刘敏珠

李丹, 常健, 李晨星, 等, 2021. 基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探. 地质力学学报, 27 (6): 975-986. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
引用本文: 李丹, 常健, 李晨星, 等, 2021. 基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探. 地质力学学报, 27 (6): 975-986. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
LI Dan, CHANG Jian, LI Chenxing, et al., 2021. A KronosFlow software-based preliminary study on the tectono-thermal evolution of thrust-nappe belt. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (6): 975-986. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
Citation: LI Dan, CHANG Jian, LI Chenxing, et al., 2021. A KronosFlow software-based preliminary study on the tectono-thermal evolution of thrust-nappe belt. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (6): 975-986. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079

基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.06.079
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 41972125

国家自然科学基金 U19B6003

详细信息
    作者简介:

    李丹(1994-), 女, 在读博士, 从事区域构造及盆地分析研究。E-mail: lidan941009@163.com

    通讯作者:

    常健(1982-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 从事低温热年代学、盆山构造-热演化及油气成藏研究。E-mail: changjian@cup.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TE121

A KronosFlow software-based preliminary study on the tectono-thermal evolution of thrust-nappe belt

Funds: 

the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China 41972125

the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China U19B6003

  • 摘要: 盆地模拟是含油气盆地勘探评价的重要技术方法之一,然而传统的盆地建模2D模拟技术仅适用于拉张型盆地,使得挤压型盆地横向上的热史重建一直是个难题,从而制约了进一步的油气勘探。目前由法国Beicip-Franlab公司设计的KronosFlow软件突破了传统盆模软件对逆冲推覆带、盐构造和泥底辟等复杂构造的局限性,精确控制了横向和垂向上的构造位移,通过跟踪单个网格连续运动形态、恢复侧向变形量以及与TemisFlow软件无缝衔接,实现了对挤压型盆地埋藏史、热史、生排烃史以及油气运聚史的恢复。以塔里木盆地北缘柯坪逆冲推覆带和库车逆冲推覆带为例,利用KronosFlow软件定量反演了新生代以来的构造-热演化历史,并以实测数据约束并验证挤压环境下盆地模拟结果的有效性。柯坪逆冲推覆带的依木干他乌断层在40~30 Ma再次活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度大于85 ℃,柯坪塔格断层在15~10 Ma活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度小于70 ℃,寒武系(烃源岩成熟度为1.3%~1.7%)和奥陶系(烃源岩成熟度为0.7%~1.2%)烃源岩热演化程度高,生烃能力强。库车逆冲推覆带侏罗系北段温度介于50~70 ℃,南段温度介于210~230 ℃,盐构造造成地温异常,其中秋里塔格构造带膏盐岩最厚,降温效果最明显。

     

  • 图  1  盆地模拟流程图

    Figure  1.  Workflow of basin modeling for the KronosFlow software

    图  2  KronosFlow 2012软件剖面数字化界面图

    Figure  2.  Digitalization interface of the KronosFlow 2012 software

    图  3  KronosFlow 2012软件构造恢复界面图

    Figure  3.  Restoration interface of the KronosFlow 2012 software

    图  4  TemisFlow 2012软件界面图

    Figure  4.  Interface of the TemisFlow 2012 software

    图  5  柯坪逆冲推覆带主要断层和褶皱构造分布图(据吕修祥等, 2014修改)

    1—柯坪塔格断层; 2—柯坪塔格背斜; 3—依木干他乌断层; 4—卡拉布克塞塔格断层; 5—孔乌腊奇背斜; 6—依木干他乌南断层; 7—奥兹尔塔格断层; 8—皮羌山断层; 9—皮羌山向斜; 10—托克散阿达拜山背斜; 11—阿合奇-乌恰断层; 12—皮羌断层; 13—萨尔干断层; 14—印干断层; 15—科克布克三山断层; 16—奥伊布拉克山断层

    Figure  5.  Major faults and folds in the Kalpin thrust-nappe belt (modified after lv et al., 2014)

    1-Kepingtag fault; 2-Kepingtag anticline; 3-Yimugantawu fault; 4-Kalabukesaitag fault; 5-Kongwuqi anticline; 6-Southern Yimugantawu fault; 7-Aoziertag fault; 8-Piqiangshan fault; 9-Piqiangshan syncline; 10-Tuokesanadabaishan anticline; 11-Aheqi-Wuqia fault; 12-Piqiang fault; 13-Sergan fault; 14-Yin'gan fault; 15-Kekebukesanshan fault; 16-Aoyibulakeshan fault

    图  6  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面图(据马德明等, 2007修改; 剖面位置见图 5)

    Figure  6.  A-A'cross section across the Kalpin thrust-nappe belt (modified after Ma et al., 2007; location is shown in Fig. 5)

    图  7  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面的温度场演化

    Figure  7.  Temperature field evolution of the A-A' section in the Kalpin thrust-nappe belt

    图  8  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面烃源岩成熟度演化图

    Figure  8.  Maturity evolution of source rock in the A-A' section in the Kalpin thrust-nappe belt

    图  9  库车逆冲推覆带构造单元及主要断层和褶皱分布图(据Wen et al., 2017修改)

    Figure  9.  Tectonic units of the Kuqa thrust-nappe belt with the major faults and folds (modified after Wen et al., 2017)

    图  10  库车逆冲推覆带B-B'剖面图(据金文正等, 2007修改; 剖面位置见图 9)

    Figure  10.  B-B' cross section across the Kuqa thrust-nappe belt (modified after Jin et al., 2007; location is shown in Fig. 9)

    图  11  库车逆冲推覆带B-B'剖面的温度场演化

    Figure  11.  Temperature field evolution of the B-B' section for the Kuqa thrust-nappe belt

    表  1  柯坪逆冲推覆带A-A'剖面模拟约束参数

    Table  1.   Constraint parameters of the A-A' section modeling for the Kalpin thrust-nappe belt

    沉积模型 热条件 断层性质 岩石圈模型
    新近系—第四系(N-Q): 砂岩
    中二叠统(P2): 砂岩
    石炭系—二叠系(C-P): 石灰岩
    志留系—泥盆系(S-D): 砂岩
    上奥陶统(O3): 石灰岩
    上寒武统—中奥陶统(€3-O1-2): 石灰岩
    震旦系—中寒武统(Z-€1-2): 膏盐岩
    基底: 上地壳
    现今热流: 48 mW/m2
    古热流: 55 mW/m2
    地表温度: 14 ℃
    可穿透性 上地壳: 20 km
    下地壳: 12 km
    上地幔: 93 km
    注: 沉积模型数据马德明等(2007), 现今热流刘绍文等(2017a), 古热流王良书等(1995), 地表温度取自新疆地区多年平均气温为参考, 岩石圈分层数据赵俊猛等(2008)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  库车逆冲推覆带B-B'剖面模拟约束参数

    Table  2.   Constraint parameters of the B-B' section modeling for the Kuqa thrust-nappe belt

    沉积模型 热条件 断层性质 岩石圈模型
    上新统库车组—第四统(N2k-Q): 砂泥岩
    中新统康村组(N1k): 泥岩
    中新统吉迪克组(N1j): 膏盐岩
    古近统(E): 砂泥岩
    白垩统(K): 砂岩
    侏罗统(J): 煤
    三叠统(T): 砂岩
    二叠统(P): 砂泥岩
    基底: 上地壳
    现今热流: 44.6 mW/m2
    古热流: 55 mW/m2
    地表温度: 14 ℃
    可穿透性 上地壳: 20 km
    下地壳: 12 km
    上地幔: 93 km
    注: 沉积模型数据金文正等(2007), 现今热流刘绍文等(2017a), 古热流王良书等(1995), 地表温度取自新疆地区多年平均气温为参考, 岩石圈分层数据赵俊猛等(2008)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  柯坪、库车逆冲推覆带生储盖及构造差异

    Table  3.   Differences in source rock, reservoir, cap rock and tectonic style between the Kalpin and Kuqa thrust-nappe belts

    逆冲推覆带 烃源岩 储层 盖层 构造样式
    柯坪逆冲推覆带 寒武系、奥陶系、石炭系、二叠系 上震旦统、寒武系、下奥陶统、二叠系碳酸盐岩; 志留系、石炭系碎屑岩 中寒武统、上奥陶统、下二叠统 叠瓦状逆冲、断层传播褶皱
    库车逆冲推覆带 三叠系、侏罗系 下白垩统、古近系碎屑岩 古近系 盐上: 断层传播褶皱、滑脱褶皱;
    盐下: 断层转折褶皱
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-06-26
  • 修回日期:  2021-10-11
  • 刊出日期:  2021-12-28

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