Cenozoic paleontological characteristics and paleoenvironment of King George Island, West Antarctica
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摘要: 西南极乔治王岛发育有一套高钾低铝的拉斑玄武岩，夹火山碎屑岩，属于岛弧火山岩系列。该岛还保存了南极最长的冰川沉积记录，是研究南极冰盖演化历史的重要证据。乔治王岛出露的新生代陆相地层中含有丰富的植物叶、孢粉、茎干、无脊椎动物化石及鸟类足印的痕迹化石等，从始新世到早中新世，化石逐渐减少，表明植物多样性呈明显下降趋势，幸存的稀疏植被被严格限制在冰川周缘的苔原物种上。冰海相地层与古生物研究表明，晚渐新世海相地层主要对应高能环境，早中新世海相地层对应低能环境。对乔治王岛新生代古生物特征及古环境的探讨，不仅理解了古生物及多样性的变化趋势，也为重建南极古环境提供证据。Abstract: A set of high-K and low-Al tholeiites intercalated with volcanic clastic rocks developed in King George Island (Western Antarctica), belonging to the island arc volcanic rock series. Moreover, the longest record of glacial deposition in Antarctica is preserved on the island, which provides the important evidence of the Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution. Fossils of plant leaves, sporopollen, stems, invertebrate animals and bird footprints which were abundantly found in the outcropped Cenozoic continental strata of King George Island, started to decrease from the Eocene to the early Miocene, showing an obvious downward trend of plant diversity, and the surviving sparse vegetation was only the tundra species around the glacier. The studies of ice marine strata and paleontology suggest that the late Oligocene marine strata mainly correspond to high-energy environment and the early Miocene marine strata correspond to low energy environment. This paper explores the Cenozoic paleontological characteristics and paleoenvironment of King George Island, and the investigations allow us to understand the trend of paleontological diversity and provide evidence for the reconstruction of the Antarctic paleoenvironment as well.
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Key words:
- West Antarctica /
- Cenozoic /
- King George Island /
- paleontology /
- paleoenvironment
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图 1 乔治王岛地理位置及南设得兰群岛区域构造格架图(底图据Google Earth)
a—南极大地构造单元简单示意图(底图据位梦华，1986)；b—南设得兰群岛地理位置图(底图据Google Earth)
Figure 1. Location of King George Island and structural frame and tectonic map of the South Shetland Islands (based on Google Earth)
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