Discussion on the correlation between active fault and geological disaster distribution in the Ganzi area, western Sichuan province, China
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摘要: 活动断裂带的地质灾害效应是工程地质与地质灾害领域研究的重要内容。川西甘孜地区位于青藏高原东南缘，区内新构造运动强烈，地质灾害频繁发生，对人类生命财产安全造成威胁，对社会生活和经济建设起到了破坏作用。文章从活动断裂与地质灾害点空间分布之间关系进行分析研究，总结出两者在空间分布的规律。认为活动断裂是川西甘孜地区地质灾害孕育的内动力条件之一；在空间位置上关系密不可分，在主要活动断裂0~1 km范围内0.095处/km2、1~2 km范围内0.050/km2、2~5 km范围内0.029处/km2频发。在活动断裂沿线开展针对地质灾害的监测和防范工作亟待落实，可为减轻或避免地质灾害提供依据和建议。Abstract: Geological disaster effect of active fault zone is a major research area in the field of engineering geology and geological disaster. Located in the west margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the Ganzi area in western Sichuan Province has underwent different geological events, which have created its unique topography, special landforms and geological phenomena. The intensive neotectonic movements in western Sichuan have caused frequent, various, and widely distributed geological disasters, threatening the safety of human life and property and damaging social life and economic development. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between active fault and spatial distribution of geological disaster sites, and summarized the rules between their spatial distributions. It is considered that active fault is one of the internal dynamic conditions causing geological disasters in the Ganzi area, and it is closely related to geological disasters in space. In average, around the main active fault, there is 0.1 site per km2 within the range of 0~1 km, 0.05 site per km2 within 1~2 km and 0.3 site per km2 within 2~5 km. Geological disaster monitoring and prevention is urgently needed along the active faults, so as to provide basis and suggestions for reducing or avoiding geological disasters.
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图 1 四川甘孜地区构造单元简图(据张建东等，2015修改)
Figure 1. Sketch map of tectonic units in the Ganzi area, Sichuan (modified after Zhang et al., 2015)
图 3 甘孜地区主要活动断裂分布图
Figure 3. Distribution map of the main active faults in the Ganzi area
图 4 甘孜地区地形地貌与泥石流地质灾害分布简图
Figure 4. Distribution diagram of topography and debris flows in the Ganzi area
图 5 甘孜地区地形地貌与滑坡地质灾害分布简图
Figure 5. Distribution diagram of topography and landslides in the Ganzi area
图 6 甘孜地区地形地貌与崩塌地质灾害地貌分布简图
Figure 6. Distribution diagram of topography and collapses in the Ganzi area
图 7 甘孜地区地形地貌与不稳定斜坡地质灾害分布简图
Figure 7. Distribution diagram of topography and unstable slopes in the Ganzi area
表 1 区内的主要活断裂(带)一览表
Table 1. List of main active faults
编号 断裂(带)名称 断裂性质 断裂时代 编号 断裂(带)名称 断裂性质 断裂时代 1 五道梁-长沙贡玛 逆断层 晚更新世 18 加吉弄-确索 逆断层 晚更新世 2 多德-贡玛 走滑断层 晚更新世 19 理塘 走滑+逆断层 全新世 3 当江-歇武-生康 逆断层 晚更新世 20 水洛河 走滑断层 晚更新世 4 切空卡-西冲农 逆断层 晚更新世 21 博科 逆断层 早-中更新世 5 玉树-甘孜 走滑断层 全新世 22 合合海子 走滑+逆断层 晚更新世 6 哈秀-差西卡 逆断层 晚更新世 23 玉农希 走滑+逆断层 全新世 7 格底村 逆断层 晚更新世 24 班固桥 逆断层 晚更新世 8 甲旭乡 逆断层 晚更新世 25 贝母山 逆断层 晚更新世 9 玉科 逆断层 早-中更新世 26 幺堂子 走滑断层 晚更新世 10 雅弄 逆断层 晚更新世 27 青草堂 逆断层 早-中更新世 11 鲜水河 走滑断层 全新世 28 金鹏山 逆断层 晚更新世 12 巴塘 走滑断层 全新世 29 大渡河 逆断层 早-中更新世 13 达郎松沟 走滑断层 全新世 30 茂文-汶川 逆断层 早-中更新世 14 余拖 走滑断层 晚更新世 31 北川-映秀 逆断层 早-中更新世 15 金沙江 逆断层 全新世—早-中更新世 32 金坪 逆断层 晚更新世 16 乡城 走滑断层 早-中更新世 33 甘孜-理塘 逆断层 早-中更新世 17 瓦达沟-陡日沟 走滑+逆断层 晚更新世 
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表 2 四川甘孜地区地质灾害发育类型和数量(处)
Table 2. Types and quantity (sites) of geological disasters in the Ganzi area, Sichuan
灾害类型 泥石流 滑坡 崩塌 不稳定斜坡 其他 巨型 19 14 1 3 0 大型 84 66 55 22 0 中型 617 420 267 137 0 小型 1854 1288 491 467 4 合计 2574 1728 814 629 4
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表 3 甘孜州地质灾害分布与主要活动断裂空间位置统计表
Table 3. Distribution of geological disasters and the spatial location of main active faults in Ganzi Prefecture
分布范围 0~1 km内分布数量/处 1~2 km内分布数量/处 2~5 km内分布数量/处 主要断裂(带) 泥石流 滑坡 崩塌 不稳定斜坡 小计 泥石流 滑坡 崩塌 不稳定斜坡 小计 泥石流 滑坡 崩塌 不稳定斜坡 小计 鲜水河断裂带 121 32 4 16 173 46 23 4 18 91 65 23 14 33 135 金沙江断裂带 178 74 48 28 328 62 58 25 11 156 79 78 24 14 195 甘孜-玉树断裂带 43 8 4 7 62 26 8 0 6 40 28 4 4 5 41 理塘断裂带 21 12 0 9 42 4 2 0 5 11 7 21 1 3 32 巴塘断裂带 30 10 1 11 52 9 3 2 4 18 26 32 10 0 68 达朗松沟断裂 4 1 1 6 12 1 0 0 2 3 2 2 1 2 7 玉龙希断裂 20 12 5 0 37 7 0 0 0 7 4 1 1 0 6 大渡河断裂带 45 24 20 24 113 14 13 9 15 51 57 10 38 24 129 玉科断裂 11 6 0 3 20 2 12 5 3 22 18 16 12 4 50 乡城断裂 18 2 1 4 25 4 4 1 1 10 26 10 2 4 42 甘孜-理塘断裂带 35 13 7 3 58 14 10 5 1 30 18 11 9 14 52 格底村断裂 5 1 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 1 12 3 1 2 18 余拖断裂 3 1 1 0 5 1 5 3 0 9 14 18 4 1 37 雅弄断裂 19 3 3 5 30 7 0 0 1 8 15 15 3 1 34 贝母山断裂 35 40 28 4 107 36 13 7 1 57 41 90 43 3 177 合计 588 239 123 120 1070 234 151 61 68 514 412 334 167 110 1023
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