An assessment method of habitat quality in small watershed with mining area: A case study of Guobayan Mineral District in the Baoxing River Basin
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摘要: 为了探究小流域背景下的地质工程活动对生境质量的影响评估方法，文章以宝兴河流域为例，利用遥感技术对流域内的重点工程锅巴岩矿山的土地利用变化情况进行了信息提取，并采用InVEST模型定量评估了生境质量。结果表明：锅巴岩矿山的土地利用类型主要由林地向裸地转变，林地面积占比减少15.11%，裸地的面积占比增加12.30%；锅巴岩矿山的生境质量指数从0.9234下降到0.8618，标准差从0.2389增加到0.3134，生境质量低等级面积占比增加4.84%，表明矿山区域整体的生境质量有所下降，但变化不明显；锅巴岩矿山的生境退化强的区域面积占比增加3.40%，生境退化指数由0.0113增加到0.0159，表明矿区生境有所退化但不明显。由此可见，含矿区小流域的生境质量虽受人类活动干扰，但如果采取合理开采方法，科学优化土地利用格局，有效地进行生态修复，对环境的影响可以控制在较低水平。Abstract: This study aims to explore the impact assessment method of geologic engineering activities on the habitat quality of small watershed. This paper utilized remote sensing technology to fetch the land-use change information of the Guobayan Mineral District, a key project in the Baoxing River Basin, and also quantitatively assess the habitat quality there by InVEST model. The assessment results show that from 2000 to 2020:In the Guobayan Mineral District, the land use types mainly changed from woodland to bare land, and the proportion of woodland area decreased by 15.11%, while that of bare land increased by 12.30%;The habitat quality index decreased from 0.9234 to 0.8618, the standard deviation increased from 0.2389 to 0.3134, and the proportion of low-grade area of habitat quality increased by 4.84%, suggesting an slight overall decrease. The proportion of areas with strong habitat degradation increased by 3.40%, and the habitat degradation index increased from 0.0113 to 0.0159, indicating a slight degradation. In conclusion, although the habitat quality of small watershed could be disturbed by human activities, the impact on the environment can be controlled at a very low level through appropriate mining methods, scientific optimization of land-use pattern and effective ecological restoration.
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Key words:
- habitat quality /
- geologic engineering /
- InVEST model /
- mine restoration /
- Guobayan Mineral District
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图 1 宝兴河流域区域概况图
a—宝兴县周边行政区划图；b—宝兴河流域水系高程图；c—宝兴河流域2020年landsat-8遥感影像图
Figure 1. Regional overview maps of the Baoxing River Basin.(a)Administrative division map around Baoxing County.(b)Water system elevation map of the Baoxing River Basin.(c)Landsat-8 remote sensing image map of the Baoxing River Basin in 2020
图 2 锅巴岩矿山土地利用类型时空分布特征
a—2000年锅巴岩矿山遥感影像图；b—2010年锅巴岩矿山遥感影像图；c—2020年锅巴岩矿山遥感影像图；d—2000年锅巴岩矿山土地利用类型图；e—2010年锅巴岩矿山土地利用类型图；f—2020年锅巴岩矿山土地利用类型图
Figure 2. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of land-use types in the Guobayan Mineral District.(a)Remote sensing image of the Guobayan Mineral District in 2000.(b)Remote sensing image of the Guobayan Mineral District in 2010.(c)Remote sensing image of the Guobayan Mineral District in 2020.(d)Land-use types of the Guobayan Mineral District in 2000.(e)Land-use types of the Guobayan Mineral District in 2010.(f)Land-use types of the Guobayan Mineral District in 2020
图 3 锅巴岩矿山生境质量时空分布特征(2000—2020年)
Figure 3. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the habitat quality in the Guobayan Mineral District (2000-2020)
图 4 锅巴岩矿山生境退化时空分布特征(2000—2020年)
Figure 4. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of habitat degradation in the Guobayan Mineral District (2000-2020)
表 1 胁迫因子及胁迫强度
Table 1. Stress factors and their stress intensities
胁迫因子 权重 最大影响距离/km 衰减类型 建设用地 1 2 线性 耕地 0.8 1 线性 裸地 0.5 4 指数 
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表 2 土地利用类型对生境胁迫因子敏感度
Table 2. Sensitivity of land-use types to habitat stress factors
地类名称 生境适宜度 建设用地 耕地 裸地 林地 1 0.5 0.6 0.3 雪/冰川 0 0 0 0.1 耕地 0.8 0.9 0 0.3 水域 1 0.8 0.4 0.2 建设用地 0 0 0 0 裸地 0.6 0.4 0.5 0 草地 1 0.3 0.5 0.4
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表 3 2000—2020年锅巴岩矿山土地利用类型转移矩阵
Table 3. Transition matrix of land-use types of the Guobayan Mineral District from 2000 to 2020
年份 土地利用类型 2020/km2 草地 耕地 林地 裸地 建设用地 草地 8.10 0.26 0.43 1.18 0.30 耕地 0.59 0.24 0.05 0.64 0.34 2000 林地 2.37 0.46 20.96 2.95 0.83 裸地 0.18 0.09 0.12 2.10 0.40 建设用地 0.17 0.09 0.07 0.61 0.22
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表 4 锅巴岩矿山生境质量空间统计
Table 4. Spatial statistics of the habitat quality in the Guobayan Mineral District
年份 生境质量指数 标准差 生境质量等级/km2 低 较低 中等 较高 高 2000 0.9234 0.2389 2.57 2.53 1.86 4.85 31.94 2010 0.9266 0.2329 2.38 2.27 3.17 9.89 26.03 2020 0.8618 0.3134 4.69 3.57 4.19 10.71 20.59
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表 5 锅巴岩矿山生境退化空间统计
Table 5. Spatial statistics of habitat degradation in the Guobayan Mineral District
年份 生境退化指数 生境退化等级/km2 弱 较弱 中等 较强 强 2000 0.0113 12.22 11.82 11.19 5.25 3.28 2010 0.0101 9.32 11.58 10.71 8.13 4.02 2020 0.0159 9.66 10.46 9.90 8.96 4.76
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