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走滑断裂百万年时间尺度位移量估计及其在阿尔金断裂系中的应用

黄飞鹏 张会平 熊建国 赵旭东

黄飞鹏, 张会平, 熊建国, 等, 2021. 走滑断裂百万年时间尺度位移量估计及其在阿尔金断裂系中的应用. 地质力学学报, 27 (2): 208-217. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.02.020
引用本文: 黄飞鹏, 张会平, 熊建国, 等, 2021. 走滑断裂百万年时间尺度位移量估计及其在阿尔金断裂系中的应用. 地质力学学报, 27 (2): 208-217. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.02.020
HUANG Feipeng, ZHANG Huiping, XIONG Jianguo, et al., 2021. Estimation of displacements along strike-slip fault on a million-year timescale: A case study of the AltynTagh fault system. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (2): 208-217. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.02.020
Citation: HUANG Feipeng, ZHANG Huiping, XIONG Jianguo, et al., 2021. Estimation of displacements along strike-slip fault on a million-year timescale: A case study of the AltynTagh fault system. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (2): 208-217. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.02.020

走滑断裂百万年时间尺度位移量估计及其在阿尔金断裂系中的应用

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.02.020
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 41761144071

第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目 2019QZKK0704

详细信息
    作者简介:

    黄飞鹏(1993-), 男, 在读博士, 主要从事活动构造与构造地貌学研究。E-mail: huangfeipeng5@gmail.com

    通讯作者:

    张会平(1978-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事构造地貌学研究。E-mail: huiping@ies.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P315.2

Estimation of displacements along strike-slip fault on a million-year timescale: A case study of the AltynTagh fault system

Funds: 

the National Natural Science Foundation 41761144071

the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program 2019QZKK0704

  • 摘要: 断裂滑动速率不仅是新生代构造定量研究的重要参数之一,也是地球动力学研究的重要组成部分。但现有研究普遍缺乏介于长时间尺度(>Ma)地质体累积位移和短时间尺度(晚第四纪以来)地貌单元位错以及年—十年尺度的大地测量观测之间的断裂位移量,从而造成了理解百万年时间尺度下断裂演化历史的空区。由于走滑断裂破坏了山前洪积扇与其汇水盆地组成的系统,残留的断错洪积扇会沿断裂走向在空间上不均匀地展布。据此提出3种利用断错洪积扇确定走滑断裂大规模累积位移量的方法。第一,洪积扇面积与汇水盆地面积一般符合Af=γAcAf为洪积扇面积,Ac为汇水盆地面积,γ为常数0.5±0.35)对应关系,利用二者之比是否异常,获得断裂位错流域盆地走滑位移量;第二,利用断裂两盘的河流上下游分布相同岩性矿物组分,识别两盘对应地貌单元获得走滑位移量;第三,利用地貌单元残留标志与上游物源河道进行对比,估算走滑位移。同时,将上述3种方法应用于研究阿尔金断裂系百万年时间尺度以来的走滑位移量实例中,在现有速率分布前提下,可估算出地貌体的形成年龄,进一步验证了文中提出的走滑位移量估计方法能为精确厘定走滑断裂百万年尺度的演化历史提供新的解决途径和技术方法。

     

  • 图  1  断错洪积扇与上游汇水盆地异常分布恢复位移模式

    Figure  1.  Displacement restored by the abnormally distributed offset alluvial fans and upstream catchments

    图  2  断裂两盘分布相同岩性矿物组分恢复位移模式

    a—断裂未发生水平运动形成洪积扇;b—断裂发生水平运动断错洪积扇

    Figure  2.  Displacements restored by the same lithological mineral composition at both sides of the fault. (a) Alluvial fans formed without the horizontal movement of the fault. (b) Offset alluvial fans with the horizontal movement of the fault

    图  3  残存地貌体恢复位移模式

    Figure  3.  Displacements restored by the remnant landform

    图  4  研究区地貌简图

    Figure  4.  Geomorphological sketch of the study area

    图  5  野马山山前洪积扇与汇水盆地分布

    Figure  5.  Distribution of the alluvial fans and catchment areas in the Yemashan piedmont

    图  6  民主乡岩性组分分布与位移测量图

    a—哨兵-2A卫星影像合成图像;b—岩性分布解译图

    Figure  6.  Distribution of lithological mineral composition and displacement measurements at Minzhu village. (a) Composite graph of Sentinel-2A satellite image. (b) Interpretation of lithologic distribution

    图  7  三危山山前断错残存地貌单元

    图中红线为三危山断裂,蓝线为河流,绿色区域为解译的断错洪积扇

    Figure  7.  Offset residual landform in the Sanweishan piedmont. Red line presents the Sanweishan fault, blue line the river, and green area the offset alluvial fans

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  • 收稿日期:  2020-10-27
  • 修回日期:  2021-01-10
  • 刊出日期:  2021-04-28

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