Discovery of active faults in the southern Beishan area, NW China: Implications for regional tectonics
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摘要: 在河西走廊北侧、北山南缘新发现属于不同断裂系统的两条晚第四纪活动断裂，分别称之为旧井-板滩断裂和俄博庙断裂。其中，旧井-板滩断裂长约28 km，距玉门市约55 km，由4条分支断裂组成，呈复杂的"Y"字形分布。总体走向北东40°~50°，倾向北西，倾角60°~70°，控制了西侧两个晚新生代盆地的发育。俄博庙断裂长约18 km，距金塔县城约50 km，走向近东西，倾向北西，倾角60°~80°。根据卫星影像解译、断错地貌调查、探槽开挖和光释光测年结果，旧井-板滩断裂断错了一系列山脊、冲沟和阶地，在距今约2万年以来有过活动，以正左旋走滑为主；俄博庙断裂北向逆冲形成清晰的线性陡坎，并左旋断错了冲沟，在距今约3万年以来有过活动，以逆左旋走滑为主。以上两条断裂的新构造活动揭示了青藏高原北缘晚新生代以来的远程应变传递已经进入北山造山带南缘。Abstract: On the north side of the Hexi Corridor, two active faults, which belong to two different fault systems, have been discovered on the southern margin of Beishan, namely the Jiujing-Bantan fault and the Ebomiao fault. The NE-trending (40°~50°) Jiujing-Bantan fault with a NW-trending dip angle of 60°~70° is ~28 km long and ~55 km away from Yumen City. It consists of 4 branches and presents a complex Y-shaped distribution, controlling the development of the two late Pleistocene basins on its west side. The nearly EW-trending Ebomiao fault with a NW-trending dip angle of 60°~80° is ~18 km long and ~50 km away from Jinta County. Base on results from the satellite image interpretation, offset geomorphological survey, trench excavation and optical luminescence dating, we discovered a series of ridges, gullies and terraces offset by the Jiujing-Bantan fault which has been active since ~20 ka ago mostly with normal left-lateral strike-slips. The northward thrusting of the Ebomiao fault formed a clear linear scarp and offset the gullies with left-lateral strike-slips. This fault has been active since ~30 ka ago, mainly with reverse left-lateral strike-slips. The neotectonic activities of these two faults evidences that the long-range strain transmission from the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has entered into the southern margin of the Beishan orogenic belt since the late Cenozoic.
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图 1 青藏高原北缘主要活动断裂分布图
JBF—旧井-板滩断裂；EBMF—俄博庙断裂；SWSF—三危山断裂；NJSF—南截山断裂；ATF—阿尔金断裂；GXSF—干峡山断裂；TDCF—塔尔湾-登登山-池家刺窝断裂；HHF—花海断裂；KTSF—宽滩山断裂；HSF—黑山断裂；YWSF—阴洼山断裂；JYGF—嘉峪关断裂；XMPF—新民堡断裂；BYHF—白杨河断裂；YMF—玉门断裂；NQLSTFS—北祁连逆冲断裂系；JTNSF—金塔南山北缘断裂
Figure 1. Distribution of the main faults on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.JBF—Jiujing-Bantan fault, EBMF—Ebomiao fault; SWSF—Sanweishan fault; NJSF—Nanjieshan fault; ATF—AltynTagn fault; GXSF—Ganxiashan fault; TDCF—Taerwan-Dengdengshan-Chijiaciwo fault; HHF—Huahai fault; KTSF—Kuantanshan fault; HSF—Heishan fault; YWSF—Yinwashan fault; JYGF—Jiayuguan fault; XMPF—Xinminpu fault; BYHF—Baiyanghe fault; NQLSTFS—Northern Qilianshan thrust fault system; JTNSF—northern Jinta'nanshan fault
图 2 旧井-板滩断裂卫星影像和平面展布图
JBF—旧井-板滩断裂；JBF-1，JBF-2，JBF-3和JBF-4为旧井-板滩断裂的4条分支；JTC-5和JTC-7为两个探槽的编号
Figure 2. Satellite image of the Jiujing-Bantan fault and its interpretation JBF—Jiujing-Bantan fault; JBF-1, JBF-2, JBF-3 and JBF-4 are four branches of the JBF; JTC-5 and JTC-7 are the code numbers of two trenches
图 3 旧井-板滩断裂断错地貌
a—断层三角面；b—断层槽谷；c—断错山脊；d—断错冲沟；e，f—断错阶地卫星影像及解译图
Figure 3. Offset landforms along the Jiujing-Bantan fault. (a) Fault terminal facet; (b) Fault valley; (c) Offset ridge; (d) Offset gully; (e, f) Satellite image and interpretation map of the offset terrace
图 4 探槽JTC-5处地貌及北壁地质剖面解译
U1—U6为地层代号
a—断错地貌；b—探槽JTC-5解译图Figure 4. Offset landforms and geological interpretation of the northern wall of the Trench JTC-5. (a) Offset landform; (b) Interpretation of the Trench JTC-5 U1-U6 are the code numbers of strata
图 5 探槽JTC-7南壁地质剖面及解译图
F1—F3为断层；U1—U3为地层代号
a，b—探槽；c—探槽JTC-7解译图Figure 5. Geological interpretation of the southern wall of the Trench JTC-7. (a, b) Trench; (c) Interpretation of the trench JTC-7 F1-F3 are faults; U1-U3 are code numbers of strata
图 6 俄博庙断裂卫片及平面展布图
Figure 6. Satellite images of the Ebomiao fault and its interpretation
图 7 俄博庙断裂断错地貌据(云龙等，2019修改)
a—断错地貌卫片；b—断层陡坎；c—侵蚀陡坎；d—g—断错冲沟
Figure 7. Offset landforms along the Ebomiao fault (modified after Yun et al., 2019). (a) Satellite image of offset landform; (b) Fault scarp; (c) Eroded scarp; (d-g) Offset gully
图 8 探槽ETC-03处地貌和探槽西壁地质剖面图据(云龙等，2019修改)
F1—F4为断层；U1—U8为地层代号
a—断层陡坎；b—探槽局部照片；c—探槽ETC-03解译图Figure 8. Offset landforms and geological interpretation of the western wall of the Trench ETC-03 (modified after Yun et al., 2019). (a) Fault scarp; (b) Partial photo of the trench; (c) Interpretation of the Trench ETC-03 F1-F4 are faults; U1-U8 are the code numbers of strata
图 9 青藏高原北缘主要断裂分布及MT剖面
JBF—旧井-板滩断裂；EBMF—俄博庙断裂；SWSF—三危山断裂；NJSF—南截山断裂；ATF—阿尔金断裂；GXSF—干峡山断裂；TDCF—塔尔湾-登登山-池家刺窝断裂；HHF—花海断裂；KTSF—宽滩山断裂；HSF—黑山断裂；YWSF—阴洼山断裂；JYGF—嘉峪关断裂；XMPF—新民堡断裂；BYHF—白杨河断裂；YMF—玉门断裂；NQLSTFS—北祁连逆冲断裂系；JTNSF—金塔南山北缘断裂
R1—R4—高阻体；C1—C3—低阻体
a—青藏高原北缘卫片及主要活动断裂解译；b—穿越俄博庙断裂的MT剖面(据Yang et al., 2019修改)Figure 9. Distribution of the main faults on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the MT profile. (a) Satellite image and interpretation of the main active faults on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. (b) The MT profile passing through the Ebomiao fault (modified after Yang et al., 2019).
JBF—Jiujing-Bantan fault; EBMF—Ebomiao fault; SWSF—Sanweishan fault; NJSF—Nanjieshan fault; ATF—AltynTagn fault; GXSF—Ganxiashan fault; TDCF—Taerwan-Dengdengshan-Chijiaciwo fault; HHF—Huahai fault; KTSF—Kuantanshan fault; HSF—Heishan fault; YWSF—Yinwashan fault; JYGF—Jiayuguan fault; XMPF—Xinmingpu fault; BYHF—Baiyanghe fault; YMF—Yumen fault; NQLSTFS—Northern Qilianshan thrust fault system; JTNSF—northern Jinta'nanshan fault R1-R4—high resistance body; C1-C3—low resistance body
表 1 探槽内的光释光测年样品分析结果
Table 1. Analysis results of the OSL dating samples from the trenches
野外编号 埋深/m 环境剂量率/(Gy/ka) 等效剂量/Gy 年龄/ka F21TC5-1 0.40 2.48 50.00 20.12±1.71 TC7-1 0.28 3.67±0.14 51.24±1.94 13.95±0.75 OSL-14 0.50 2.80±0.20 102.20±1.40 36.40±0.40 OSL-15 0.37 2.40±0.30 8.00±1.80 3.30±2.40 OSL-16 0.50 2.80±0.30 84.50±3.50 30.20±1.20 OSL-17 1.70 2.80±0.30 >300.00 >100.00 注：样品F21TC5-1采自探槽JTC-5；样品TC7-1采自探槽JTC-7；样品OSL-14—OSL-17采自探槽ETC-03 
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