Geological and chronological characteristics of the Baiyin'gaolao Formation in Gaoyaowula, Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 通过1：50000区域地质调查，运用"火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层"三重填图方法，将内蒙古东乌旗高尧乌拉白音高老组划分为3个岩性段，一段为火山碎屑沉积岩，二段为中性火山岩，三段为酸性火山岩，构成一个完整的沉积-喷发旋回。早期至晚期岩浆具有由中性向酸性演化的特征。划分出爆发相、侵出相、溢流相、火山通道相、喷发-沉积相及潜火山相等火山岩相；圈出12个Ⅴ级火山机构。获得高尧乌拉白音高老组二段粗安岩和三段流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为128.2±0.9 Ma和125.5±0.5 Ma，表明其形成时代为早白垩世。
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关键词:
- 白音高老组 /
- 火山作用 /
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年 /
- 高尧乌拉 /
- 内蒙古
Abstract: Based on a regional geological survey at a scale of 1:50000, it reveals that the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation of Gaoyaowula in Inner Mongolia could be divided into three lithologic segments by the triple mapping method of "volcanic structure-lithology and lithofacies-volcanic formation". The first lithologic segment is composed of pyroclastic sedimentary rocks, the second intermediate volcanic rocks and the third acidic volcanic rocks. The three lithologic segments constitute a complete depositonal-eruptive cycle, and the early to late magma is characterized by a transition from neutral to acid. The Baiyin'gaolao Formation can be classified into eruptive facies, intrusive facies, overflow facies, volcanic vent facies, eruption-deposition facies and subvolcanic facies, etc. Twelve V-grade volcanic apparatuses are delineated. The Zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of the trachyandesite from the second lithologic segment of the Baiyin'gaolao Formation of Gaoyaowula and the rhyolite from the third are 128.2±0.9 Ma and 125.5±0.5 Ma respectively, indicating that the formation age is early-Cretaceous.-
Key words:
- Baiyin'gaolao Formation /
- volcanism /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating /
- Gaoyaowula /
- Inner Mongolia
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图 1 研究区地质图
a—研究区大地构造位置示意图(据Jahn et al., 2004修改)；b—内蒙古东乌旗高尧乌拉地质图(李英杰等，2017)
Figure 1. Geological map of the research area
图 2 高尧乌拉白音高老组火山岩剖面图
1—安山质火山角砾岩；2—安山质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩；3—安山质晶屑凝灰岩；4—安山质含角砾熔结凝灰岩；5—含角砾粗安岩；6—粗安岩；7—流纹质火山角砾岩；8—流纹质晶屑凝灰岩；9—流纹岩；10—球粒流纹岩；11—黑曜岩；12—凝灰质砂岩；13—凝灰质砾岩；14—安山岩
Figure 2. Profile of volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
图 3 高尧乌拉白音高老组火山岩野外及显微镜下照片
Pl—斜长石；Sa—透长石；Bt—黑云母；Q—石英
a—气孔状粗安岩野外露头；b—斑状结构粗安岩显微镜下照片(正交偏光下)；c—发育流动构造的流纹岩野外照片；d—发育流动构造的斑状结构流纹岩显微镜下照片(单偏光下)；e—发育球粒结构的球粒流纹岩野外露头；f—发育球粒结构的球粒流纹岩显微镜下照片(单偏光下)；g—少斑结构黑曜岩野外露头；h—少斑结构黑曜岩显微镜下照片(正交偏光)Figure 3. Outcrop photographs(left) and micrographs(right)of the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
图 4 内蒙古东乌旗高尧乌拉白音高老组二段粗安岩和三段流纹岩锆石阴极发光代表图像
a—二段粗安岩；b—三段流纹岩
Figure 4. Representative cathodoluminescent (CL) images of zircons for the trachyandesites and rhyolites from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
图 5 锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图和直方图
a—粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图；b—粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄直方图；c—流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图；d—流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄直方图
Figure 5. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams and histograms
图 6 高尧乌拉白音高老组火山岩TAS分类图
Figure 6. TAS diagram of the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
图 7 高尧乌拉白音高老组火山岩SiO2-K2O分类图解
Figure 7. SiO2 vs K2O classification diagram of the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
图 8 高尧乌拉白音高老组火山岩A/CNK-A/NK图
Figure 8. A/CNK-A/NK diagram of the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
图 9 高尧乌拉白音高老组火山岩稀土元素及微量元素特征
a—二段粗安岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图(球粒陨石数据自Boynton，1984); b—二段粗安岩微量元素原始地幔标准化配分曲线图(原始地幔数据自Sun and McDonough, 1989); c—三段流纹岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图(球粒陨石数据自Boynton，1984); d—三段流纹岩微量元素原始地幔标准化配分曲线图(原始地幔数据自Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 9. Distribution pattern of rare earth elements and trace elements of the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
图 10 高尧乌拉白音高老组流纹岩构造环境判别图解
VAG—火山弧花岗岩；WPG—板内花岗岩；syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩；post-COLG—后碰撞花岗岩；ORG—大洋脊花岗岩；VAG+Syn-COLG—火山弧+同碰撞花岗岩
a—花岗岩类Y-Nb判别图; b—(Y+Nb)-Rb判别图(据Pearce et al., 1984修改)Figure 10. Discrimination diagrams showing the tectonic environment of the rhyolites from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
表 1 内蒙古高尧乌拉白音高老组火山岩实测剖面地层层序及韵律划分
Table 1. Stratigraphic sequence and rhythm classification of the measured section of the volcanic rocks from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
岩石地层单位 层号 岩性 分层厚度/m 组段厚度/m 形成方式 韵律划分 组 段 白音高老组 三段 17 紫色流纹质火山角砾岩 26.3 157.7 火山通道相 ⑥ 16 灰紫色条带状球粒流纹岩 21.5 溢流相 15 黑色黑曜岩 20.8 溢流相 14 灰紫色条带状球粒流纹岩 18.6 溢流相 13 灰紫色流纹岩 17.2 溢流相 12 灰紫色流纹质晶屑凝灰岩 11.6 空落堆积相 11 灰紫色流纹岩 21.7 溢流相 ⑤ 10 紫红色流纹质晶屑凝灰岩 10.3 空落堆积相 9 凝灰质砾岩 9.7 喷发-沉积相 ④ 二段 8 灰紫色安山质火山角砾岩 23.6 207 火山通道相 ③ 7 浅灰色含角砾粗安岩 57.4 溢流相 6 浅灰色安山质含角砾熔结凝灰岩 14.3 碎屑流堆积相 5 浅灰色安山质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩 32.9 空落堆积相 4 灰紫色粗安岩 52.1 溢流相 ② 3 浅灰色安山质晶屑凝灰岩 26.7 空落堆积相 一段 2 灰绿色凝灰质砂岩 11.9 30.1 火山沉积相 ① 1 浅灰色凝灰质砾岩 18.2 玛尼吐组 0 安山岩 溢流相 
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表 2 高尧乌拉白音高老组二段粗安岩和三段流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic analysis of the trachyandesites and rhyolites from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
点号 元素含量/×10-6 Th/U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/235U 207Pb/206Pb 208Pb/232Th 206Pb/238U 207Pb/235U Th U 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 年龄/Ma ±1σ 年龄/Ma ±1σ 粗安岩(TW9846) 1 117 438 0.27 0.0200 0.0002 0.1339 0.0056 0.0486 0.0019 0.0080 0.0004 127 1 128 5 2 168 677 0.25 0.0201 0.0002 0.1354 0.0049 0.0489 0.0018 0.0094 0.0003 128 1 129 5 3 143 522 0.27 0.0197 0.0002 0.1472 0.0051 0.0542 0.0018 0.0070 0.0002 126 1 139 5 4 78 337 0.23 0.0197 0.0002 0.1288 0.0072 0.0473 0.0026 0.0088 0.0003 126 1 123 7 5 91 446 0.21 0.0200 0.0002 0.1436 0.0052 0.0521 0.0019 0.0080 0.0003 128 1 136 5 6 204 769 0.27 0.0201 0.0002 0.1382 0.0040 0.0498 0.0014 0.0077 0.0002 128 1 131 4 7 130 529 0.25 0.0199 0.0002 0.1472 0.0056 0.0535 0.0019 0.0075 0.0003 127 1 139 5 8 155 545 0.29 0.0199 0.0002 0.1279 0.0053 0.0466 0.0019 0.0078 0.0003 127 1 122 5 9 144 576 0.25 0.0202 0.0002 0.1471 0.0052 0.0528 0.0018 0.0088 0.0003 129 1 139 5 10 119 495 0.24 0.0206 0.0002 0.1528 0.0072 0.0539 0.0024 0.0100 0.0004 131 1 144 7 11 270 864 0.31 0.0200 0.0002 0.1395 0.0035 0.0505 0.0012 0.0081 0.0002 128 1 133 3 12 142 613 0.23 0.0206 0.0002 0.1561 0.0053 0.0549 0.0018 0.0098 0.0003 132 1 147 5 13 147 520 0.28 0.0203 0.0002 0.1361 0.0053 0.0486 0.0018 0.0078 0.0002 130 1 130 5 14 93 386 0.24 0.0204 0.0002 0.1461 0.0070 0.0520 0.0024 0.0090 0.0004 130 1 138 7 15 218 699 0.31 0.0203 0.0002 0.1432 0.0078 0.0512 0.0024 0.0085 0.0004 129 1 136 7 16 139 487 0.29 0.0205 0.0002 0.1521 0.0056 0.0539 0.0019 0.0090 0.0003 131 1 144 5 17 261 808 0.32 0.0202 0.0002 0.1465 0.0039 0.0525 0.0013 0.0082 0.0003 129 1 139 4 18 122 416 0.29 0.0210 0.0002 0.1517 0.0070 0.0524 0.0024 0.0095 0.0003 134 2 143 7 19 135 418 0.32 0.0198 0.0002 0.1329 0.0067 0.0487 0.0024 0.0074 0.0002 126 1 127 6 20 146 578 0.25 0.0198 0.0002 0.1350 0.0053 0.0495 0.0019 0.0072 0.0002 126 1 129 5 21 163 452 0.36 0.0197 0.0002 0.1389 0.0061 0.0512 0.0022 0.0065 0.0002 125 1 132 6 流纹岩(TW9850) 1 281 646 0.43 0.0193 0.0002 0.1325 0.0045 0.0499 0.0016 0.0050 0.0001 123 1 126 4 2 99 343 0.29 0.0197 0.0002 0.1452 0.0098 0.0533 0.0034 0.0070 0.0003 126 1 138 9 3 162 422 0.38 0.0196 0.0002 0.1435 0.0054 0.0530 0.0019 0.0040 0.0002 125 1 136 5 4 141 422 0.33 0.0195 0.0002 0.1314 0.0071 0.0488 0.0026 0.0067 0.0003 125 1 125 7 5 182 508 0.36 0.0198 0.0002 0.1520 0.0055 0.0557 0.0020 0.0070 0.0003 126 1 144 5 6 203 646 0.31 0.0197 0.0002 0.1617 0.0051 0.0595 0.0018 0.0080 0.0003 126 1 152 5 7 140 564 0.25 0.0196 0.0002 0.1343 0.0054 0.0497 0.0019 0.0073 0.0003 125 1 128 5 8 137 500 0.27 0.0197 0.0002 0.1357 0.0052 0.0500 0.0019 0.0075 0.0003 126 1 129 5 9 100 461 0.22 0.0197 0.0002 0.1347 0.0061 0.0495 0.0022 0.0076 0.0004 126 1 128 6 10 193 750 0.26 0.0195 0.0002 0.1395 0.0038 0.0518 0.0014 0.0082 0.0003 125 1 133 4 11 112 450 0.25 0.0200 0.0002 0.1463 0.0065 0.0531 0.0024 0.0090 0.0004 128 1 139 6 12 219 776 0.28 0.0196 0.0002 0.1316 0.0041 0.0486 0.0015 0.0088 0.0004 125 1 126 4 13 193 679 0.28 0.0197 0.0002 0.1521 0.0042 0.0560 0.0015 0.0090 0.0004 126 1 144 4 14 142 585 0.24 0.0195 0.0002 0.1371 0.0044 0.0510 0.0016 0.0084 0.0003 125 1 130 4 15 242 854 0.28 0.0198 0.0002 0.1339 0.0035 0.0491 0.0012 0.0077 0.0002 126 1 128 3 16 192 598 0.32 0.0195 0.0002 0.1323 0.0047 0.0491 0.0017 0.0078 0.0002 125 1 126 5 17 208 675 0.31 0.0196 0.0002 0.1364 0.0040 0.0504 0.0015 0.0079 0.0003 125 1 130 4
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表 3 高尧乌拉白音高老组二段粗安岩和三段流纹岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table 3. Major (wt%) and trace (×10-6) element analysis results of the trachyandesites and rhyolites from the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, Gaoyaowula
主量及
微量元素XT109
粗安岩XT109-2
粗安岩XT4524
粗安岩XT4525-2
粗安岩XT4503-1
粗安岩P35XT32
流纹岩P34XT09
流纹岩P43XT03
流纹岩XT4404
流纹岩P21XT17
流纹岩SiO2 57.45 59.02 62.40 64.11 63.89 76.02 76.60 76.37 77.87 76.51 TiO2 1.63 1.54 0.80 0.55 0.48 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 Al2O3 24.32 22.86 17.31 15.80 16.61 12.59 12.71 12.40 11.55 12.43 Fe2O3 1.43 0.80 4.37 4.46 3.48 0.79 0.76 0.32 1.04 0.93 FeO 1.81 2.52 0.55 0.52 0.62 0.25 0.07 0.18 0.08 0.22 MnO 0.130 0.130 0.160 0.089 0.095 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 MgO 0.75 0.71 0.68 1.03 0.99 0.15 0.08 0.13 0.07 0.08 CaO 1.15 1.60 4.53 2.85 1.45 0.50 0.43 0.96 0.47 0.44 Na2O 2.57 3.21 3.97 3.97 3.41 3.57 3.63 3.85 3.56 3.60 K2O 5.35 4.51 3.50 4.47 5.41 4.75 4.81 4.61 4.46 4.60 P2O5 0.28 0.35 0.29 0.19 0.20 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 LOI 2.90 2.61 1.29 1.82 3.21 1.22 0.74 1.05 0.76 1.01 TOTAL 99.80 99.85 99.84 99.84 99.82 99.96 99.95 99.95 99.97 99.93 Na2O+K2O 7.92 7.72 7.47 8.44 8.82 8.32 8.44 8.46 8.02 8.20 Mg# 30.67 28.66 21.94 29.58 32.43 22.33 16.68 32.29 10.31 12.55 La 31.9 39.3 18.4 21.1 20.7 25.21 31.53 20.41 29.87 36.63 Ce 34.1 29.9 27.1 30.6 26.1 45.68 57.33 36.71 51.33 62.91 Pr 58.6 57.1 53.5 54.3 57.2 5.99 7.71 5.28 6.82 9.48 Nd 9.07 8.90 6.77 7.10 6.06 22.14 28.63 20.36 25.77 35.90 Sm 7.72 7.88 5.14 5.09 4.34 3.82 5.50 4.07 4.87 6.85 Eu 1.49 1.65 1.39 1.38 1.27 0.28 0.36 0.27 0.44 0.41 Gd 6.27 6.77 4.37 4.35 3.88 3.04 4.39 3.48 4.26 5.34 Tb 1.03 1.14 0.69 0.71 0.65 0.47 0.74 0.60 0.73 0.85 Dy 6.03 6.82 3.6 3.97 3.57 2.50 4.10 3.34 4.17 4.42 Ho 1.14 1.30 0.70 0.77 0.72 0.49 0.81 0.66 0.86 0.83 Er 3.22 3.73 2.01 2.36 2.23 1.57 2.48 1.99 2.65 2.49 Tm 0.48 0.59 0.35 0.46 0.44 0.31 0.49 0.38 0.50 0.46 Yb 2.90 3.71 2.03 2.91 2.70 2.02 3.07 2.40 3.19 2.87 Lu 0.43 0.58 0.5 0.71 0.67 0.44 0.62 0.50 0.63 0.60 Y 31.9 39.3 18.4 21.1 20.7 14.21 23.55 18.61 27.19 23.49 Sc 16.7 18.2 13.0 9.9 5.5 2.80 2.62 2.15 2.72 2.14 Ni 9.10 10.4 3.08 2.03 2.35 1.99 0.30 0.91 0.41 1.52 Rb 78.0 79.8 96.1 146.0 187.0 160.66 151.57 139.15 155.83 132.60 Cr 12.5 19.1 25.8 19.3 7.2 2.83 1.23 2.84 3.27 4.30 Co 17.60 21.80 10.40 7.86 4.66 0.61 0.08 0.42 0.32 0.47 V 212.0 206.0 112.0 62.3 46.3 5.27 2.34 4.90 6.17 4.94 Zr 294 295 151 179 182 86.36 77.91 78.18 67.82 83.68 Hf 8.69 8.64 3.91 4.42 4.21 3.87 3.65 3.40 2.74 3.59 Ta 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.51 0.41 0.87 0.67 1.00 1.24 1.05 Sr 178 213 590 394 331 18.89 9.48 21.82 24.85 15.70 Ba 682 494 624 885 721 280.84 242.34 135.80 273 205.24 Nb 11.60 11.00 8.44 7.96 6.14 10.94 10.32 10.46 11.17 9.90 Cs 11.30 17.50 4.84 5.11 7.81 5.02 4.61 4.89 6.44 5.51 Ga 29.9 29.7 22.0 19.6 17.1 16.51 15.55 14.76 16.29 14.95 Pb 4.2 5.7 14.4 18.2 14.7 22.67 20.60 23.23 25.47 20.50 Th 8.87 8.41 7.35 8.61 6.96 11.69 9.95 13.16 15.00 12.87 U 2.17 2.35 1.92 2.19 2.78 4.58 3.16 3.00 3.28 3.06 ∑REE 164.38 169.37 126.55 135.81 130.53 113.96 147.76 100.45 136.09 170.04 LREE/HREE 6.65 5.87 7.88 7.36 7.78 9.51 7.85 6.52 7.01 8.52 (La/Yb)N 7.89 7.60 6.50 5.20 5.50 8.95 7.37 6.10 6.72 9.15 δEu 0.63 0.67 0.87 0.87 0.93 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.29 0.20
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